English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students designed by Teacher :
Nguyễn Thị Trà March 2010 good luck to you !!!
I. cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do.
1. Cụm từ:
because of + N/ N phrase/ Gerund phrase
Eg: They arrived late because of the traffic jam.
2. Mệnh đề :
Là mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động đợc nêu trong
mệnh đề chính.
Because/ Since/ As + S + V
Eg: He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus.
= Since/ As he missed the first bus, he came 10 minutes late.
Khi đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ, nếu 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau ta có thể dùng
Gerund phrase.
Eg: She stayed at home because she was sick.
She stayed at home because of being sick.
II/ cụm từ, mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Cụm từ chỉ kết quả:
Thờng có Too (quá) hoặc enough( đủ)
Cấu trúc 1 với Too to ( quá, không thể)
S + be/look/ seem/ become/ get + too ( for sbd) + to- inf
S + V( thờng) + too ( for sbd) + to- inf
Eg: The test was too long ( for the students) to finish
be adj
Eg: He runs too slowly to catch the ball.
V(thờng) adv
Cấu trúc 2 với enough to ( đủ để có thể )

Nguyễn Thị Trà March 2010 good luck to you !!!
V ( chỉ tri giác) adj
Cấu trúc 2: Suchthat( quá đến nỗi)
S + V + such a/ an + adj + N + that + S + V
Eg 1: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
adj

( Danh từ đếm đợc số ít )
Eg 2: There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want it.
adj
(danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều)
IV/ Mệnh đề quan hệ
Vi/ thể bị động
Vii/ câu trực tiếp gián tiếp.
Định nghĩa:
- Câu trực tiếp là câu trích nguyên văn lời phát biểu của ngời nào, dùng kèm
với dấu ngoặc kép
- Câu gián tiếp hay câu tờng thuật là dạng câu thuật lại những phát biểu của
ngời nào.
lu ý:
- Nếu động từ tờng thuật ở thì hiên tại đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc tơng lai
thì động từ trong mệnh đề danh từ không thay đổi.
Eg: She says: I do my homework every day.
She says she does her homework very day.
- Chỉ thay đổi thì của động từ trong mệnh đề danh từ khi động từ tờng thuật
ở thì quá khứ.
Eg: She said: I have to do a lot of homework.
She said she had to do a lot of homework.
1. Sự thay đổi về thì của động từ trong câu tờng thuật.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students designed by Teacher :
Nguyễn Thị Trà March 2010 good luck to you !!!
She said: I am going to write a
letter.
She said she was going to write a
letter
Sự thay đổi của các từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn và từ chỉ định.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next day/ The following day
Next week The following week/ The week after
Yesterday The day before/ The previous day
Last night The night before
Two days ago Two days before/earlier
Here There
This That
These Those
Eg: Mr Tan said: I will have an important meeting tomorrow.
Mr Tan said he would have an important meeting the following day/ the next
day.
Eg: She said: This rose is so beautiful.
She said that rose was so beautiful.
3. Sự thay đổi của các động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verbs)

th
- 9
th
students designed by Teacher :
Nguyễn Thị Trà March 2010 good luck to you !!!
Eg: He said: I was born in 1993.
He said he was born in 1993.
Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3
Eg: He said: If I were you, I would not come here.
He said if he were me he would not come there.
Quá khứ giả định với wish và as if
Eg: Mary said: I wish I were a boy.
Mary said she wished she were a boy.
Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý;
Eg: My teacher said: The sun rises in the East .
My teacher said that the sun rises in the East.
VI/ câu hỏi đuôi ( tags questions)
Câu hỏi đuôi là cách thêm phần hỏi vào sau một câu trần thuật để nó trở
hành một câu hỏi. Câu hỏi đuôi thờng đợc dùng để khẳng định, hoặc tìm sự
đồng tình về vấn đề nào đó.
Câu trần thuật khẳng định thì phần câu hỏi đuôi là phủ định.
Eg: Your father is a teacher, isn

t he?
Eg: You like carrots, don t you?
Eg: She can speak E, can t she ?
Với câu trần thuật phủ định thì câu hỏi đuôi là khẳng định.
Eg: You haven t done your homework, have you ?
Eg: He isnt a student, is he?
Eg: Lan can t swim , can she ?

IX/ câu so sánh
Có 3 cấp độ so sánh: bằng( không bằng), hơn , hơn nhất.
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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students designed by Teacher :
Nguyễn Thị Trà March 2010 good luck to you !!!
So sánh bằng:
S
be
as
Tính từ
as Danh/đại từ
V(thờng) Trạng từ
Eg: He is as tall as his brother
Eg: Mai is as beautiful as her mother
Eg: Ba sings as well as Lan.
2. So sánh hơn.
a) Với tính từ hoặc trạng từ ngắn( có 1 âm tiết- hot, coldhoặc có 2 âm tiết
nhng kết thúc bằng các đuôi: y, ow, er, le, et).
S1
be tính từ
ngắn
er than S2
V(thờng) trạng từ
ngắn
Eg: He is taller than me.
Eg: Nam runs faster than Ba.

in N số ít
N số nhiều
V thờng trạng từ dài of
Eg1: She is the most beautiful girl in my class.
Eg2: She sings the most beautifully in my class.
Các tr ờng hợp đặc biệt
Adj/adv Comparative Superlative Notes
Good/ well Better The best
Bad/ badly Worse The worst
Many/ much More The most
Little Less The least
Far
Farther
Further
The farthest
The furthest
Về khoảng cách
Về thời gian
Late
Later The latest
The last
Về thời gian
Về thứ tự
. 1. S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing +
Happy Happier
Quiet Quieter
Simple Simpler
Narrow Narrower
Clever Cleverer
5

(Ai nhận thấy cái gì ra sao)
2. S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj.
Ex: I found the book interesting.
I was interested in the book
Adj(ing) Adj(ed) + prep
boring
interesting
amusing
amazing
tiring
surprising
annoying
bored with
interested in
amused at
amazed at
tired of
surprised at
annoyed at
6. 1. When + did + S + V +
(S làm cái gì đó vào khi nào )
2. How long + have/has + S + V(PII) + ?
+ have/has been + Ving + ?
Ex: When did you study EL?
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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students designed by Teacher :

S1 + prevent( any tense) + Obj (person) + from + Ving +
( S1 ngăn cấm ai làm việc gì)
Ex: They don t allow the students to smoke here
They prevent the students from smoking here
Vay, mợn ai
1. S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
2. S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
Ex: Nam borrowed me money
I lent Nam money
7
English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students – designed by Teacher :
NguyÔn ThÞ Trµ March 2010 good luck to you !!!–
Hµo høng mong ®îi lµm viÖc g× ®ã
1. S + look forward to + Ving + ………
2. S+ be + excited (at, about) + Ving …
3. S + long to + V(bare) +………………
Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan
We look forward to meeting Lan
10. 1. S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V + …….
2. Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V ……
that he often has accidents
He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents
11. 1.S + be +the +(adj +est/most +adj) + N+ S +have/has ever +
PII
2. S + have/has + never + V(PII) + such(a/an) + N + before.
Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen.

differently
work
saw
invent
teach
cook
sing
play
drive
speak
run
worker
sawyer
inventor
teacher
cook
singer
player
driver
speaker
runner
Nh»m ®Ó.
S + V +……. in order/ so as to + V(bare) + ….
1. How+adj(träng lîng, kÝch cì) + be + S (N/Pron)?
2. What +be + one’s N(träng lîng, kÝch cì)?
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English grammar for 8
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Ex1: she doesn t smoke any more’
She used to smoke
Let’s + V(bare) + ……….
Let’s not + V(bare) + ……
Let + obj ( me, her, them, Nam ) + V (bare) + ……
S + let/ don’t let + Obj (person) + V( bare) + ……………
1. S + have(any tense) + Obj(thing) + V(PII) +… by + Obj(person)
2. S + have(any tense) + Obj(person) + V(bare) + Obj(thing)
1. S + get(any tense) + Obj(person) + to V + Obj(thing)
2. S + get(any tense) + Obj(thing) + V(PII)… + b y + Obj(person
Ex1:I will have Nam repair my bike
I will have my bike repaired by Nam
Ex2: He got someone to clean the door
He got the door cleaned by someone
Is this + OK/alright/ + If I + V( bare) + …… ?
Would it be + OK/alright + if I + V( past) + ?
Do you mind if I + V ( bare) +………………?
Would you mind if I + V (past) + ………… ?
Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving ……… ?
Ex; Is this alright/ ok if I borrow your pen?
Do you mind if I borrow your pen?
Would you mind if I borrowed your pen?
1. Do/ would you mind + V ing + ……….?
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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students – designed by Teacher :
NguyÔn ThÞ Trµ March 2010 good luck to you !!!–

Soccer has been being played for 2 hours by us
S + was/were + Ving + Obj + ….
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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students – designed by Teacher :
NguyÔn ThÞ Trµ March 2010 good luck to you !!!–
S + was/were + being + V(PII) +…. +by + Obj
Ex: She was reading book at 8 o’clock last night
Book was being read at 8 last night by her
S + had + V(PII) + Obj +……
S + had + been + V(PII ) + … + by + Obj
EX: She had done her home work before she went to bed
Her home work had been done before she went to bed by her
* Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to,
must, be going to, have to, used to, can , could, be able to. )
S + modal verbs + V(bare) + Obj + ……
S + modal verbs + be + V(PII) + …… by + Obj
Ex: He can do this exercise
This exercise can be done by him
* Trêng hîp bÊt qui t¾c
Active: V(bare) + Obj + ……

Passive: Let + Obj + be + PII + ….
Ex: Write your name here
Let your name be written here
Active: Don’t + V(bare) + Obj ….!
Passive: Don’t + let + Obj + be + V(PII) +…

2. S + run out of + N
Ex: The cars fuel is empty.
The car runs out of fuel

. S + V(PI) + adv of time.
2. S + have/has + V(PII) +. + for/since + adv of time.
Ex: We live in Mai son 2 years ago
We have lied in Mai son for 2 years.

Yêu nhau
1. S + love(any tense) + Obj(person ) +
2. S + fall(any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) +.
Ex: She loved him at the first sight.
She fell in love with him at the first sight
1. S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) +
( Tự thởng thức thời gian vui vẻ)
2. S + have a good time + .
(Có thời gian vui vẻ).
Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party.
She had a good time at the party.
1. S1 + S2 + have(any tense) + good relationship
( Có mối quan hệ tốt với ai )
2. S1 + get(any tense) on well with + S2
( Hoà thuận với ai).
Ex: She and I have had good relation since 2003
She has gotten on well with me since 1003
Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp
S + V + ask + Obj(person) + to V/ not to V +
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English grammar for 8

Một số động từ thể hiện những nghĩa khác nhau khi theo sau là V
ing và khi theo sau là to infinitive.
Regret + Ving: cảm thấy hối tiếc vì việc gì đã làm trong quá khứ.
Eg: I regret telling her the bad news. Now she is very sad.
Regret + to inf: cảm thấy hối tiếc khi phải làm hay nói ra điều gì.
Eg: I regret to tell you that your test result was very bad.
Stop + V-ing: dừng công việc đang làm lại,thôi không làm việc gì.
Eg: The teacher came in,all the students stopped talking and stood
up.
Stop + to inf: dừng công việc đang làm lại để làm một việc khác.
Eg: It started raining, so I stopped to put on my raincoat.
Try + V- ing : thử làm gì
Eg: Why don

t we try coming over her house, she may be at home.
Try + to inf: cố gắng làm việc gì.
Eg: It is the end of the semester so I have to try to study.
Remember + Ving: nhớ đã làm việc gì trong quá khứ.
Eg: I remember seeing her somewhere.
Remember + to inf: nhớ phải làm việc gì.
Eg: Before going out of the room, remember to turn off the lights.
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English grammar for 8
th
- 9
th
students – designed by Teacher :
NguyÔn ThÞ Trµ March 2010 good luck to you !!!–
Forget + V – ing : kh«ng quªn ®îc ®iÒu g× trong qu¸ khø (will
never).