1

PRESENT TENSE (CONT.)

C. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
I. FORM : S + have/has + P
II

II. USES
1. Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và tiếp diễn đến hiện tại (có thể tiếp tục trong
tương lai)
- Có các từ chỉ thời gian đi cùng như: ever, never, up to now, so far,
I have received 20 cards so far.
I have never tasted papaya.
- Đi với since/for
2. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không xác định
- Không có thời gian xác định
Have you passed your driving test.
 Tùy vào hoàn cảnh mà có thể hiểu là: gần đây hoặc cho tới bây giờ
- Hoặc đi với các từ: just, recently, already, yet,
- Hành động lặp lại nhiều lần tính đến thời điểm hiện tại
I have watched "Love Actually" several times.
- Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the most boring book that I have ever read.
- Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second times phải sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành
This is the first time he has driven a car.
He lost his passport again. It’s the second times he has lost it.
3. Các từ đi với thì hiện tại hoàn thành
3.1 "Since": kể từ khi
Chúng ta thường sử dụng từ "since" trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành, nó được coi như một dấu hiệu

3.5 “Just”: vừa mới
- Dùng khi chỉ một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
I have just met him.
I have just tidied up the kitchen.
I have just had lunch.
3.6 “Recently, lately”: gần đây
He has recently arrived from New York.
3.7 Các trạng từ khác:
- “so far” (cho đến bây giờ) : We haven’t finished the English tenses so far.
- “up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time” (đến tận bây
giờ)
She hasn’t come up to now.
- “ever” : dùng trong câu nghi vấn, với nghĩa “đã từng bao giờ chưa”
Have you ever gone abroad?
- “never before” (chưa bao giờ)
I have never eaten a mango before. Have you ever eaten a mango?
- “In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time” : trong thời gian qua
It has rained in the past week.
She hasn’t talked to me over the last 4 days.
4. Phân biệt "gone to" và "been to"
- “gone to” : đi chưa về
Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Paris.
 Có nghĩa là bây giờ cô ấy đang ở đó hoặc đang trên đường đến đó.
- “been to” : đi về rồi
Ann is back to England now. She has been to Paris.

3

 Cô ấy đã từng ở Paris nhưng giờ đã về Anh rồi.
D. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

What have you done? (the speaker is
interested in the result of action)
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn còn được sử dụng trong trường hợp ta đi tới 1 kết luận nào đó
nhờ suy đoán.
Your eyes are red. You have been crying.
- Không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn với những động từ không có dạng tiếp diễn như đã
đề cập ở phần trước.
I’ve known them since I was a child. (not I’ve been knowing them since I was a child)

4

EXERCISES

I. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous
tense. (In some cases either could be used)
1. We (walk) ten kilometres.
2. We (walk) for three hours.
3. You (walk) too fast. That's why you are tired.
4. I (make) sausage rolls for the party all the morning.
5. How many you (make)?
~ I (make) 200.
6. That boy (eat) seven ice-creams.
7. He (not stop) eating since he arrived.
8. The driver (drink). I think someone else ought to drive.
9. I (pull) up 100 dandelions.
10. I (pull) up dandelions all day.
11. What you (do)?


34. He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet.
35. Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes. You (help) him
with his exam paper or he (help) you?
36. Why you (make) such a horrible noise?
~ I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at he window.
~ You (throw) stones at the wrong window. You live next door.
37. He (overwork). That is why he looked so tired.
38. You (not eat) enough lately. That is why you feel irritable.

II. Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using “for” or “since”.
1. We've been fishing . . . two hours.
2. I've been working in this office . . . a month.
3. They've been living in France . . . 1970.
4. He has been in prison . . . a year.
5. I've known that . . . a long time.
6. That man has been standing there . . . six o'clock.
7. She has driven the same car . . . 1975.
8. Things have changed . . . I was a girl.
9. The kettle has been boiling . . . a quarter of an hour.
10. The central heating has been on . . . October.
11. That trunk has been in the hall . . . a year.
12. He has been very ill . . . the last month.
13. I've been using this machine . . . twelve years.
14. We've been waiting . . . half an hour.
15. Mr Pitt has been in hospital . . . his accident.
16. He hasn't spoken to me . . . the last committee meeting.
17. I have been very patient with you . . . several years.
18. They have been on strike . . . November.
19. The strike has lasted . . . six months.