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!"#!"$%&'&!"()*
+,-.,/01"23
 -4  5
!6'"7889:(;<=->81
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CB1"-D.5
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.&3DGE-H 5
I6+J*C.D9-K11"$+/
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81CE$Q+@4-3',8-05
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3
Lời mở đầu
,"E3",3" 5("E3
-, 3'<CL.B4  
-8R% -%AS&8DT5
(>U0"",3E3B$*
<&23 điều khiển thiết bị qua mạng Ethernet.V+13
H CB.B3"
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y' l`d5fX k*%[77.BE3B$
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"  775^     o  k  l`d5f    o  S  /  X
775k*E3Bo770.".+@
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'c``I'z8gm 877$kl`d5fh$77C- M
"D"E$'0,-"8+U3E2U$+
9-3E $77+g|788Ys^$kl`d5cch
 H81 %:5
1.1. Cấu trúc khung tin Ethernet
Z3o77.,&\[  >t:E
}nk->-<+A"3, F-: 3
gm 7h5
Cấu trúc khung Ethernet như sau:
Bảng 1. 1: Cấu trúc khung MAC theo IEEE 802.3/ Ethernet
6
j7 '7g\hit'78gS-S:m 7X
77h3+%81%"X '$C 3
<c`c`c`c`54C'$ES ?CB, 22c`I~5
n•[gn • 7[77hic'78gS-S:
m 7X 77hE:1813<'9X &
5^C 3<c`c`c`cc5
[78 s++788g< QShie'78

ji4be:ca``'78i
• [S:m 7DBeb'78$S:DBX
Eeb_cl†be'785
• VS:ED ca``'785[C$S:
Ckj77D ca``'78$;&'
S:Ckj+U%gb`$ate$ca``h5
•Zn ZPZg7++ 78hiES 8RS3
:.5jS ?S3,ZPZ73
15^ J $7?H$
 '<K-'<,'N5
1.1. Cấu trúc địa chỉ Ethernet
IK E,77<+,+%'\bl'< Q
ge7h5!< Q%<8%'<${< Q
IsZgI7+ s788Zs++788h5!< QIsZ'B+)'\3
A8D7 g"8Dceh$-S+Ui``ie`ixtil•ib•ile6``_e`_xt_l•_b•_
xe5V+,< QIsZ dEi
_ f73<*8%$<81F/k5
_ f78 +8%%<5
_ VE Cc< QIsZ+%& E,775!<
QIsZ8+U< Q2-< QS
775
1.2. Đặc tính điện
8
S"77*C 7*I 7875I*C I 787
8+U3K' X CB2'&-
0'5
_ ‡ˆ`‰^ ŠX '"3E‹(- ŠM,
"3E#(
_ ‡ˆc‰^ ŠX '"3E_(- ŠM,
"3E‹(

thuộc vào một trong ba loại khung nếu trên.)
1.4. Truy cập bus
I&8D-%.:,8+U77\%E
EE3E?E'8@0ZnIszZ[gZ 7n787IE7
788qZ8s-+ 7h-81\:"8%;S
L 1X "D5ƒ$&8DAD<:
"8%X "D?3S ?E,3,
E &5
10
Hình 1. 3: Minh họa phương pháp CSMA/CD
Nguyên tắc làm việc của phương pháp CSMA/CD:
7EE3EZnIszZ[$K,.C.?E'8
&81B835jE3E8 i
_ IK  ,  . E  1  7   +@  g 7  8787h      +@
KgCS"h>:E35
_ [-" .S"C& C$0-@CL
 ,JE3S"0+@5ZS->-?$E3K
,-@E7@B883S"E3-:S"?
7C & 5
_ E &$K,.EX'N'/"X
>$& @0-,5
I&>D &0'B39EU
{ 0>f5,s-,ZJ7+@5!+@K0
sCB:5S"4,s <E:0,
Z '-;$0 &,&BZ5s-
Z?S"E2$883-:S"-E3
"&5Z ,8RJEX'N'/"'T3
E3E$3,D?8R?"H
'/"-'/"E"5s-Z;CBc
S"vŒ w6'"B'33,?'58 CK,8R

12
1.5.2. Các hệ thống Ethernet tốc độ 100Mb/s- Ethernet cao tốc(fast
Ethernet)
_ c``‡ 875Zo77 &-:D&c``I'z803E9
,E@3E8 5
_ c``‡ 87r5ZArC0S*C ."Dg8
+U E  E3E *  C b‡za‡ X  o •[[kh '   2 d o
c``‡ 87•r(‘c``‡ 87r5
• c``‡ 87•r5D&c``I'z8$++U3E8  +75
• c``‡ 87r5D&c``I'z8$8+U3E9,E5
• c``‡ 87d-c``‡ 87b5Z3o8+Ud6E-b6E
3E96EZ f\00"  oS
8+U5
1.5.3. Các hệ thống Giga Ethernet
_ c```‡ 87riZArC0LS*C .go+1 0
B*C l‡zc`‡+J"DDD& •'7 7
E3B'\s^nkhoc```‡ 87r2f,i
• c```‡ 87_nri D & c```I'z8$ 8 +U 8   -:8C
95
• c```‡ 87_YriD&c```I'z8$8+U8 -:8C+5
• c```‡ 87_riD&c```I'z8$8+U3E25
_ c```‡ 87i=,&\D&] '$'L8\03E96E
Z a\05n+UB*C .0B,D& 
0,3E5
1.5.4. Chuẩn IEEE 802
kl`d3ok83,Ys^-,Is^
gmetropolitan area networkh5ZUB$3okl`d:,
3, 3CCS: +,5V3-:3,
$+A"3,7_' 87+.7-<NCJ
S:{75Z3,k88$+A".

1. ZEŽE. 3+X ,&
g|+7s7 ^7q#|s^h5
2. ZEŽE.A 3 +,5
Zjzkj8+U>.b {.>[[
g>X '&DEMIuh5Zjzkj7X 
> }nk$3>g7/140
Dhi
_ /+UgsEE Y 7h5
_  -?g 8EY 7h5
_ ,gk77Y 7h5
_ 0,g^7qk7m 7Y 7h5
Hình 2. 1: Kiến trúc TCP/IP
Z;1>}nk$.+A"$3>
40D+:$ K+A"0-&
.B{E7 +75V?+A">3>
 ,$ K>E7 +7/%-
0J>+A"ME7 +7A 5
15
Hình 2. 2: Quá trình đóng/mở gói dữ liệu trong TCP/IP
Hình 2. 3: Cấu trúc dữ liệu trong TCP/IP
=>-Rd5f %2+A" 35>-R
 %,33 $+A" A?A3 i
_ /+U+A"32{87 5
16
_  -?$-<+A"ZjD+:{
_ Zj8775
_ ,$+A"kj:+:{kj
+   5
_ 0$+A".{m 75
2.1.1. Tầng ứng dụng ( Application layer)

0.:D-'.+A"&3?5
^C%E&2+A"?A  ,$8+U3
 N3CX 03CCS:SE
,'0+:$'3?C$6, 7_B
''0?'3C*5Zj.3C
CS::-0ES ?3? 3C*?5
['S?$08R A 5
2.1.3. Tầng mạng( internet layer)
^T'000,5C/L3< Q$C
C-<gP7h+A"5b / {%
2i
_ kjg77jhiZC/L3< Q+A":.
-<H:S5
_ sPjgs++788P78jhiC/LE0+<< QkjX
3S< QIsZ5
_ kZIjgk77ZI788 7jhiC/L'3K
.+A"'<N5
_ k]Ijgk77]EI  7 jhiC/L.B
. :g 8h5
2.1.4. Lớp liên mạng (Network Interface Layer)
 E,0 -" F+A"A  ,
'<J&,5Z3/L' 2-"B83
?E.+@$B83K-+A"5[   
,'\4:E,gk77h8RD::E0,
g^7qk7m 7Y 7h.+A"$60,g^7q
k7m 7Y 7h8R%+A"4,-C::E,gk77h
H ?+A"5
18
' 23'< E,gZ +I,-Z3EI,h
->%E3BCB,&$

I,:EZ8+Uf'7B3< Q,-&'7DB
3< Q3SC,5ZCd5`tx5cda_d< Q:EZ$K<
Q:EZCdab35
_ !< Q:E[i[JB3kj+   :&C380&
,5
_ Y:E< Qi[JB+1EM-+J 5
2.2.2. Cấu trúc gói tin IP
(7_b'iQ-78"X kj +J$
3-:E0'kjX '<?$'<?8R,'N3C
5
k=Ygkj=7 +7Y7h_b'Q&+E7 +7X C$S
74fd'S5
}ngE7mn7-7h_c'7i'+<-UCD8
+U•,&0$,?)$L8%.-&
?UB8 i
_ f'SQ.0C$4C'>`
CB83,t5
_ I&'SE7Q&)0$`/-:CC&)'>
$c/-:CC&)%E5
_ I&'SE7Q08+UB.C
-:1 {.08%%E 0
8% $`/-:'>$c/-:
 5
_ c'SE7C&?0$`/-:&?'>
$c/-:&? 5
20
 7_d'7iQ&+ CSE7 +7$S7
-<'75
k+7m _ce'SiJ-:3 8D3n7s++788
[78 s++788+JB<+ +%&C 

_ n777'7i8D"'70X n77$n…^'>C
8D/1C' -'70C8D/1&0
c$Cn…^>8D/1X '705
_ sq7+7'7#d'7isZV'?>3<X 
S8D/1X CE7'0?5‡3?D3
877,S*,25
_ [  }mm78_b'i&+X E7 +7S7-<4fd'S5 8D
Q -<S'9X 2+A"5
_ P787-7+_e'S5
_ • 8i3'S.B
• ’P]i(JNoC"5
• sZVi(J'3?sZV'7C"15
• jn=iZ/Lj’n=5
• PniV\&,05
• n…^i!2'&C 8D"15
• •k^[iMX+A"\,25
_ |+q_d'7i8D'7+A"'94'7Q sZV
'7,2*8”8 B?5
_ Z78i78Eo7 +7@+A"5
_ ’7j7#d'7i’P]'?>3<S8Dce
'S8D/1C+<35
_ }E_d'7i-JJ{$ '33EX ZjCC&
+D X -JZj+  c8775
_ j ++_iEo•0-7 +7B'E7 +7H\
&Dfd'S5
_ Zj+  i/ +A"$X 0C&+D <afe'75
]S <CB '30Eo}E5
2.2.4. Cấu trúc gói tin ARP (Adrees Resolution Protocol)
I{3SJT0&,CJ&7k[-33
SJ0,-?CBm 7-?1E 0-"

kj;+@$CE' + 8:%
330,77g-:< Q••••–••••–••••h5
Bảng 2. 1: Mô tả gói thông tin ARP
VDE:3 /3$+A"sPjC
&<+,o7 +75!BsPjCB-"-:.
"3 $ +J&B/ &+X A
8 C5
E3S,C'<:EU$-->-?C
'< QkjX S>\&$ 8+U
24
B< QgP7-787s++788P78j#PsPjh,
{1sPjB-%.57C$C&3
X/ '< QkjX 33,$3,\&$C
&778:%33-3X,&C/ < Q
kjX 3,055
2.2.4.2. Gói tin của ARP
jE7i``l``kjg````5c```5````5````h5
_ = +q 77†e'787775
_ j7†b'78kj5
_ sPjE7 i
• c†0
• d†3E,
• fzb†PsPj0z3E,
Bảng 2. 2: Khung dữ liệu ARP
[78 
s++788
n7s++788
• 7
E7
gsPjh[  ZPZ