Index terms LinksAASHTO
11.1
11.2
11.78
Abutments
11.72
Acceleration
3.10
Aging
1.33
Aging, strain
1.18
1.22
Allowable stress design (see ASD)
Allowable stresses:
bearing:
on concrete
5.60
11.64
11.168
on masonry
5.60
11.64
11.168
on steel
6.48
11.25
11.166

in bridges
11.25
11.164
13.26
13.45
in buildings
6.31
6.43
6.62
9.29
fatigue
6.51
11.30
11.68
seismic
6.51
shear:
in beam webs
6.34
6.35
11.25
11.166
in bolts
6.28
11.26
1.166
in rivets
6.28
11.166
in threaded parts

Anchors, government
5.62
Angles:
maximum width-thickness ratios for
9.30
net width of
6.64
11.45
11.172
11.173
strut
6.63
7.8
Annealing
1.19
1.32
Arches:
applications of
8.31
bridge:
bending in
14.8
buckling of
14.46
14.47
constant-depth versus tapered ribs
14.10
Index terms Links
history of
14.1
inclined rib
14.1
lateral bracing for
14.47
14.64
(See also Bracing, bridge)
preliminary design procedure for
14.44
rise / span ratios for
14.7
spans for
14.4
14.5
steels for
14.9
through
14.2
weight estimating for
14.44
weight / total-load ratios for
14.9
14.44
(See also Bridge, arch)
defined 4.
1
fixed
4.5
14.2

sections for
14.2
14.8
stiffeners for
11.47
stress in
4.7
4.8
14.2
14.3
temperature effects on
14.8
three-hinged 4
.1
14.2
14.4
14.7
tied
14.2
14.7
14.8
14.44
ties
14.3
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.62
true

11.13
11.14
specificiations for
11.1
11.2
for buildings:
load combinations in
6.23
specifications for
6.1
6.2
6.29
6.30
principles of
6.29
6.30
versus LRFD
8.25
11.13
11.17
(See also Beams; Cold-formed
members; Columns; Composite
beams; Trusses)
ASTM
1.1
6.1
6.2
Austenite
1.30


alternative to plate girders
10.54
anchorage to walls
5.61
5.62
bearing plates for
5.60
10.63
bearing pressure on
5.60
5.61
6.48
bearings for (see bearing plates for)
(See also Rockers; Rollers)
bending and compression (see
Beam-columns)
bending axis of
3.47
3.49
bending slope of
3.37
(See also design example for: end
rotations of below)
bending strength of:
in bridges
11.15
in buildings
6.31
6.45
6.46

6.81
composite (see Composite beams)
Index terms LinksBeams: (Cont.)
concentrated loads on
6.43
6.44
concrete encased
6.72
6.73
8.9
8.10
conjugate
3.69
continuous:
advantages of
12.153
analysis of (see Structural analysis)
carry-over factors for
3.84
3.85
defined
3.63
maximum moments in
12.153
12.154
span defined for
11.48

3.72
3.73
shear
3.46
3.47
unit-load method for
3.69
3.72
3.73
design example for:
building beam with overhang
7.16
simple-span building floorbeam
7.11
unbraced building floorbeam
7.14
(See also Composite beams;
Floorbeams)
design section for
6.65
eccentric loads on
3.46
5.96
elastic curve of
3.36
end connections for (see Connections)
end rotations of
3.73
3.75
fixed-end:

hollow structural section
6.82
6.83
lateral support for
5.95
5.96
6.64
8.7
8.9

11.55
11.175
limit states for
11.14
11.15
link
9.12
9.23
9.31
minimum depth for
6.75
11.49
moment diagrams for
3.37
Index terms LinksBeams: (Cont.)
neutral axis in
3.28

7.10
shear center of
3.48
3.49
shear diagrams for
3.38
simple:
concentrated loads on
3.38
end moments on
3.38
3.39
influence lines for
3.89
shear deflection of
3.45
3.46
triangular loads on
3.40
uniformly loaded
3.25
3.37
3.39
3.43
3.45
slender-element
6.62
span of
6.64
11.48

Bearing bar
12.100

12.101
Bearings:
anchor bolts required for
11.66
beam
5.60
11.63
11.178
12.3
12.4
elastomeric:
advantages of
11.55
composition of
11.65
design of
11.65
pedestals for
11.66
(See also shoes below)
pot
11.65
11.66
PTFE
11.65
requirements for
11.63

3.59
Blooms
1.37
Bolts:
A307 (see ordinary below)
allowable shear in
6.35
11.26
11.166
allowable tension in
5.42
5.43
6.27
anchor
5.55
11.12
11.66
bracket connections with
5.67
common (see ordinary below)
design area of
6.36
11.26
design strength of
6.35
diameters of:
commonly used
5.10
5.11
11.26

2.5
5.1
5.17
6.36
hole for:
diameters of
5.11
6.64
11.26
11.45
11.168
11.173
fabrication of
2.4
2.5
2.14
5.11
5.12
reaming of
2.9
5.11
5.12
machine (see ordinary below)
ordinary:
application of
6.36
6.37
11.26
tightening of
2.5
Bolts: (Cont.)
tension on
6.33
6.34
11.27
11.28
twist-off
5.5
5.18
5.19
(See also Connections; Joints; Splices)
Boron
1.33
Box girders:
advantages of
11.56
12.114
12.115
13.19
allowable stresses in
11.56
bracing of
11.56
bridge cross sections with
12.115
continuous
12.115
corner welds for

12.134
sealing of
11.76
shapes of
12.115
12.116
shipping limitations for
12.116
single versus multiple
11.56
spacing of
11.56
12.118
spans for
12.114
stiffeners for 11
.56
(See also Stiffeners)
webs of
11.38
11.57
width of
11.56
12.115
12.118
width / thickness limits for
11.38
(See also Orthotropic plates)
Bracing:
angle

location of
11.42
1.43
11.175
11.176
methods of
11.42
11.175
objectives of
11.42
11.175
for plate-girders
11.55
12.22
12.45
12.46
portal
11.42
11.44
slenderness limitations on
11.37
sway
11.42
11.44
through-girder
5.96

Index terms Links
erection
2.20
maximum allowable compression in
9.29
rigid-connection (see Rigid frames)
shear wall (see Walls, shear)
(See also Frames, concentric braced
and eccentric braced)
Brackets
5.67
12.81
12.82
Bridge:
arch:
Bayonne
14.14
14.15
Burro Creek
14.32
14.33
Cold Spring Canyon
14.30
14.31
Colorado River
14.34
14.35
Fort Pitt
14.26
14.27
Fremont

14.42
14.43
West End-North Side
14.24
14.25
box girder:
Abstrasse
12.117
Chester
12.117
Frankfurt
12.117
Fremont River
12.116
King County
12.116
Kirchweyhe
12.117
Klamath River
12.116
Stillaguamish River
12.116
cable-stayed:
Batman
15.17
15.2
0
Bonn
15.21
Bratislava

Hatley chain
15.2
15.4
Jülicherstrasse
15.18
Karlsruhe
15.20
King’s Meadow
15.2
15.3
Kniebrucke
15.18
15.20
Leverkusen
15.18
15.21
Loscher type
15.2
15.4
Lower Yarra
15.18
Ludwigshafen
15.20
Luling
15.17
15.51
Manheim
15.20
Maracaibo
15.22

Sunshine Skyway
15.17
Talmadge
15.17
Tatara
15.25
15.31
Yang Pu
15.25
15.30
15.31
Zarate-Brazo Largo
15.26
15.32
(See also Cable-stayed bridges,
major, details of)
orthotropic plate:
Fremont
12.129
Poplar Street
12.129
San Diego-Coronado
12.129
San Mateo-Heyward
12.129
Severin River
12.129
Wye River
12.129
(See also Orthotropic plates)

15.48
15.50
Chesapeake Bay (second)
15.46
Cincinnati
15.2
Cologne-Mulheim
15.9
Deer Isle
15.14
15.86
Delaware Memorial I
15.13
15.69
Dryburgh Abbey
15.2
15.86
First Tacoma Narrows
15.12
Forth Road
15.13
15.69
15.88
Fykesesund
15.86
Galashiels
15.1
General U. S. Grant
15.15
15.45

Klamath River
11.118
Long’s Creek
15.86
Mackinac
15.10
15.50
15.69
15.88
Manhattan
15.14
15.31
15.32
15.48
15.50
Menai Straits
15.1
15.86
Messina Straits
15.30
15.31
Montrose
15.86
Nassau
15.86
Newport
15.14
15.45
15.46
15.50

15.69
Schuylkill River
15.1
Severn
15.10
15.18
15.88
15.97
Storebelt
15.13
15.30
15.31
Tacoma Narrows I
15.13
15.86
15.91
Tacoma Narrows II
15.13
15.69
15.88
Thousand Island
15.15
15.86
Throgs Neck
15.13
15.50
Triborough
15.10
15.11
15.14

Zügelgurtbrücke
15.9
(See also Suspension bridges, major)

Bridges:
allowable stresses for (see Allowable
stresses)
abutments for
11.72
approach slabs for
11.72
11.73
arch (see Arches; Bridge; arch)
bearings for
11.63
(See also Bearings)
box girder (see Box girders; Bridge,
box-girder)
cable-stayed (see Bridge,
cable-stayed; Cable-stayed bridges)
cable-suspended (see Bridge, cable-
stayed and suspension; Cable-
stayed bridges; Suspension bridges)

cantilever
2.25
2.26
constructability of
11.77
continuous-beam

deflection limits for
11.3
11.63
design method for:
ASD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.30
11.153
LFD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.30
LRFD
11.2
11.5
11.13
11.32
11.78
design of:
effects of traffic volume on
11.2
11.3
highway loads in
11.4
(See also Loads)
load distribution for
11.20

primary purpose of
11.2
railings for
11.8
11.9
simple-beam
2.22
skewed
13.5
13.49
13.50
spans for:
classification of
15.23
15.24
cost effective
11.63
defined
11.48
specifications for:
fatigue design of
11.30
fracture control
11.29
railings
11.8
11.9
seismic design
11.9
11.35

(See also Trusses)
unpainted
11.75
11.76
uplift on
11.12
Brinell hardness
1.17
Brittle fracture:
characteristics of
1.23
Charpy test for
1.23
design against
1.23
mechanics of
1.25
1.26
thickness effect on
1.25
1.26
trnsition curves for
1.24
Buckling:
beam, lateral
3.96
11.36
11.42
(See also Beams, twisting of)
bracing against

Index terms LinksBuildings:
erection of
2.20
fire protected (see Fire protection)
fireproof
6.88
6.89
importance factors for
6.10
6.12
6.15
9.5
9.6
9.12
influence areas for live load
6.3
seismic coefficients for
6.21
9.11
9.12
9.17
size limitations for
6.86
special approvals for
6.2
standard specifications for
6.2

15.76
cable stays for
15.17
15.41
cables for (see Cables)
characteristics of
15.5
15.16
15.75
15.76
classification of
15.23
15.24
composite
15.17
15.19
concrete 15.1
7
cost comparison for
14.6
cross sections of
15.18
15.23
deflection limits for
15.79
design of:
criteria for
15.79
preliminary
15.79

stability during erection
15.93
steel
15.17
15.18
wind-effect studies for
15.93
(See also Cables; Suspension bridges)
Cable systems:
advantages of
4.27
8.33
comparative costs of
8.33
8.3
5
Index terms LinksCable systems: (Cont.)
fire protection of
8.35
limitations on deformations of
8.33
8.35
network
4.29
4.34
stabilization of
8.33

15.41
15.99
15.100
for suspension bridges
15.39
15.97
15.98
15.100
history of
15.35
mechanical properties of
1.14
modulus of elasticity of
15.37
15.38
sheathing for
15.41
specifications for
1.14
spinning of
15.39
15.97
15.98
15.100
structural behavior of
6.85
suspension:
allowable stresses for
15.68
asymmetrical

14.54
15.55
15.57
(See also Suspension bridges,
design of)
stretch in
15.15
15.16
thermal effects on
15.58
15.59
15.74
Timoshenko equations for
15.64
(See also Cable systems)
types of
1.13
1.14
(See also Bridges; Rope; Strand;
Wire)
vibration of
15.94
Camber:
beam
2.8
2.9
8.9
8.17
12.5
12.19

3.41
uniformly loaded
3.41
Carbon
1.33
1.35
Carbon equivalent
1.4
1.5
1.35
Carry-over factors
3.83
Castigliano’s theorems
3.56
3.57
Catenary (see Cables, suspension)
Cementite
1.30
1.31
Centroid
3.12
3.28
3.30
3.31
Charpy tests
1.6
1.7
1.24
1.26
5.2

design methods for
10.5
10.6
effective widths for
10.11
10.42
loadings for
10.4
local buckling of
10.7
10.9
10.1
0
LRFD design of
10.3
10.4
10.6
manufacture of
10.2
10.4
materials for
10.1
10.2
resistance factors for
10.3
10.4
10.6
residential construction with
10.41
10.42

10.4
2
Cold forming
1.18
1.19
Columbium
1.34
Columns:
allowable stresses for (see Allowable
stresses, compression)
angle
7.8
Index terms LinksColumns: (Cont.)
base leveling of
5.60
base plates for
5.54
beam connections to (see Connections)
buckling of
3.93
6.42
6.43
13.23
built-up
2.13
2.14
6.76

6.80
7.5
displacement effects on
3.101
effective length of
3.95

3.96
6.42
6.43
6.80
6.81

7.34
7.35
erection of
2.25
5.51
Euler’s formula for
3.93
flange width / thickness limits for
11.37
11.38
grillages for
5.55
hollow structural section
6.80
lifting lugs for
5.52
5.53

11.36
11.37
11.172
splices for (see Splices; column)
stiffeners for:
at anchor bolts
5.55
5.56
at beam connections
5.86
9.25
9.26
torsional buckling loads for
3.96
web doubler plates for
5.89
wide-flange:
ASD of
7.7
7.8
LRFD of
7.7
(See also Cold-formed members;
Compression members; Framing;
Sections; Structures)
Composite beams:
action of
6.67
11.50
box girder (see Box girders)

building beam with overhang
7.28
continuous bridge beams
12.154
curved bridge
12.56
LFD of bridge stringer
12.34
LRFD of bridge stringer
11.78
12.169
simple building beams
7.2
effective concrete flange width for
6.54
11.50
11.51
flange area estimating for
12.10
12.11
12.26
12.27
future reinforcement of
8.17
metal deck and concrete
8.2
8.16
8
.17
minimum depths for

6.68
7.25
11.50
types of
6.69
vibration design of
7.26
web shear in
11.51
(See also Beams; Plate girders)
(See also Concrete slabs composite;
Shear connectors)
Composite open-web joists
8.17
8.18
Composite trusses
8.18
8.19
Compression:
flexibility in
3.23
local buckling effects from
3.99
6.62
6.63
6.80
6.81
stiffness in
3.23
uniform
Concrete: (Cont.)
lightweight
8.6
8.7
12.3
modular ratio of
6.68
6.73
11.50
precast plank
8.8
8.9
8.11
8.12
12.3
prestressed plank
8.8
8.9
steel reinforcement for
11.50
11.70
11.71
strength of
7.18
weight of
11.69
(See also Columns, concrete-filled;
Composite beams; Composite

11.71
Conjugate-beam method
3.70
Connections:
angel
5.40
bearing-type:
allowable stresses for
6.35
applications for
2.5
5.1
cost of
5.4
5.10
defined
5.3
design strength of
6.35
block shear failure of
6.41
bolted:
clearances for
5.13
5.14
contact surfaces in
5.18
edge distances in
5.14
gage in

9.42
bracket
5.67
bridge floorbeam
11.3
11.4
bridge stringer
11.3
11.4
column end 6
.76
design procedure for
5.38
drawings of
2.2
6.29
for earthquake loads
9.25
9.30
9.39
Index terms LinksConnections: (Cont.)
economic considerations for
5.1
5.4
5.39
fatigue-prone
5.1

5.103
5.105
5.106
11.29
rigid:
drawings of
2.2
forces on
5.77
purpose of
5.77
5.86
seismic design of
9.25
9.39
9.40
(See also moment above)
riveted and welded
5.2
screwed
10.37
semirigid
5.77
9.39
9.40
simple-beam:
drawings of
2.2
5.77
end rotations of

slip coefficients for
11.27
11.28
surface classes for
11.27
11.28
snug tight:
applications of
2.5
welded:
advantages of
5.19
5.20
5.41
for box girder components
11.60
11.67
11.68
in cold-formed members
10.30
contact surfaces in
5.33
design of
5.19
Index terms LinksConnections: welded: (Cont.)
disadvantages of
5.19

Welding; Welds)
Copper
1.34
Corrosion:
protection of cables against
15.45
rates of
1.5
resistance of steels to
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.10
1.11
1.33
weathering-steel resistance to
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
Cranes
2.17
Creep:
of concrete
11.50
11.51
12.7
12.11
12.27
of steel

12.56
erection of
2.24
fabrication of
2.14
12.55
loads on
12.54
12.55
sizing of
12.55
structural behavior of
12.48
12.49
supports for
12.49
12.53
Cutting:
with flame
1.40
2.3
2.4
with plasma
1.40
2.4
with saws
2.4
with shears
1.39
2.4

8.9
influence lines for
3.89
relation to load
3.37
relation to shear
3.37
shear
3.45
3.46
Deformations:
computation assumptions for
3.2
3.7
laws of
3.1
(See also Beams; Columns; Creep;
Deflections; Displacements;
Elongations; Rotations; Strains)
Degrees of freedom
3.76
3.78
3.115
Derricks
2.17
Design strength (see Strength design)
Detailers
2.1
Details (see Drawings)
Diaphragms:

3.76
Displacements:
acceleration
3.10
3.11
axial-load
3.23
by Castigliano’s theorems
3.56
3.57
plane motion
3.10
virtual
3.52
(See also Deflections; Strains;
Structural analysis)
Distribution factors, moment
3.83
Domes:
advantages of
8.31
8.32
defined
4.8
hooped and ribbed
4.19
membrane theory for
4.8
plate
4.8

1.22
1.32
1.38
Ductility transition temperature
1.24
1.25
1.33
1.38
Dummy-unit-load method
3.56
3.57
3.73
Dynamics:
branches of
3.10
defined
3.10

Earthquakes:
allowable stresses for
6.51
design for:
by dynamic force method
9.14
by equivalent force method
9.10
prime concerns in
9.1
specifications for
9.9

3.52
shear
3.55
torsion
3.55
Equilibrium laws of
3.6
3.7
Erection:
of bridges
2.23
14.6
14.7
of buildings
2.20
2.23
drawings for
2.2
2.25
equipment for
2.17
planning for
11.77
safety concerns in
2.21
2.23
2.27
tolerances in
2.25
2.26

2.10
2.11
Gary method of
2.10
of girders
2.9
operations during
2.3
planning for
11.77
reamed-template method of
2.9
tolerances in
2.2
2.3
2.12
2.16
2.17
of trusses
2.10
2.11
(See also Box girders; Curved girders;
Drilling; Plate girders; Punching;
Reaming; Sawing; Welding; Welds)

Fasteners (see Bolts; Pins; Studs; Welds)
Fatigue:
constants
6.51
cracking from

6.51
6.57
Fatigue limit
3.119
Ferrite
1.30
Fillers
5.16
5.17
5.38
5.52
Fire:
characteristics of
6.86
fuel for in buildings
6.86
loading
6.86
6.87
resistance to
6.86
6.88
6.95
6.96
6.100
severity of
6.86
Fire protection:
building code requirements for
6.85

6.93
6.94
8.6
of steel-deck floor
8.6
8.7
8.10
with suspended-ceiling
6.90
8.6
8.7
test evaluation of
6.86
6.88
thermal size of
6.95
6.99
Index terms LinksFire protection: (Cont.)
thickness equations for
6.95
6.96
6.100
with water-filled columns
6.93
6.95
6.96
with wood-fiber plank

11.3
11.4
orientation of
11.3
11.42
13.5
with orthotropic plate flanges
4.48
4.51
12.15
for trusses
3.60
11.3
11.4
11.42
13.5
building (see Beams, design example)
Floors:
bridge (see Bridges; decks for)
concrete (see Concrete, precast plank,
and prestressed plank; Concrete
slabs)
framing for (see Framing)
loads on (see Loads)
steel deck:
attachment to framing
8.8
cellular
8.2
composite beams with

Force methods
3.76
Force-displacement equations (see
Structural analysis)
Forces:
addition of
3.2
characteristics of
3.2
collinear
3.2
components of
3.2
concentrated
3.2
concurrent
3.2
3.5
coplanar
3.2
distributed
3.2
Index terms LinksForces: (Cont.)
in equilibrium
3.7
3.8
frictional

9.10
9.16
bent
3.62
buckling in
3.98
3.99
concentric braced
9.19
9.28
cross
5.96
11.43
11.44
11.175
11.176
12.22
degree of determinancy 3.
62
3.63
displacement effects on
3.101
dual system
9.12
9.13
9.21
9.22
9.38
ductility evaluation of
9.17

9.14
nodes in
3.76
nonlinear behavior of
3.99
9.38
9.39
planar
3.62
rigid (see moment-resisting above)
(See also Rigid frames)
seismic coefficients for
6.21
9.11
9.12
9.17
seismic design for
9.10
(See also Earthquakes)
seismic loads on (see Loads, seismic)
seismic response spectra for
9.15
seismic slenderness limitations for
9.24
soil profile coefficients for
6.23
9.11
space
3.62
8.29