C H A P T E R
16
Final Preparation
So, you have made it through most of the book, and you have probably either scheduled
your INTRO exam or CCNA exam, or at least thought about when you want to try to
take it. Congratulations for getting this far! You will soon have finished your first step
toward building your networking career résumé.
This chapter provides some tips on your final preparation for the exam. It also provides
an example scenario, which helps you to pull many of the hands-on skills together into
a single review section.
Suggestions for Final Preparation
Everyone has their own study habits, and you should know what works well for you.
However, here are a few suggestions you can try in the week or two before you take the exam:
■ Reread the “Foundation Summary” sections of each chapter.
■ When reviewing tables and definitions, you should cover up portions of summary
tables with a piece of paper, forcing yourself to try to remember the details instead
of just glancing at them.
■ Answer all the questions from inside the book again. You should strive to master
these questions so that you can answer the questions quickly.
■ If you are still slow in answering subnetting questions, practice until you can find the
subnet number and broadcast address when the mask is “difficult” within 1 minute.
You can use the CD-based chapter with 25 subnetting practice questions for this
exercise.
■ Before using the CD for general questions, use the mode that lets you perform a
simulated exam. This will help you prepare for the exam experience.
■ Repeat answering all the questions on the CD until you can answer most of them
almost automatically.
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480 Chapter 16: Final Preparation
■ Using a real set of routers and switches, or using a simulation product (such as Netsim,
which is included on the accompanying CD), practice these basic skills:

unrelated topic, just to let you get used to the interface. Cisco often adds an optional
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Suggestions for Final Preparation 481
survey before the exam as well, just to gather demographic information about who is
taking the exam. If you've never taken a Cisco exam, take the extra few minutes to take
the practice test, just to get completely comfortable with the environment.
■ You can actually write on your scratch paper before the exam begins, if you like. For
instance, some people like to write down the list of all the valid subnet masks, the
corresponding prefixes, and possibly even the binary equivalents for the decimal
numbers used inside subnet masks. I've heard of some people writing down hard-to-
memorize information that they were cramming for in the lobby of the testing center!
Personally, I do not find it helpful to write down the hard-to-memorize things right
before the exam begins, but for some people, it does help. Many people find it helpful to
write down the subnetting information just mentioned.
■ The exam engine does not let you go back and change an earlier answer. So, read each
question thoroughly and read every answer thoroughly. When you move on to the
next question, you can't go back.
■ Some questions require that you drag and drop the answers into the correct slots in an
answer area. Exam question writers like to use this type of question for lists or sequences
in particular. Like all questions, you can answer and then change the answer, as long as
you have not moved on to the next question yet. For drag-and-drop questions, many
people benefit from moving the answers they are confident about into the (presumably)
correct place, and then they fit in the others in; a lot of times, that helps complete the
answers correctly. Just don't forget, when you move on to the next question, you can't
go back!
■ For simulated lab questions, you should go back and confirm that any new
configurations are working. For instance, if the question asks that you configure RIP, but
you do not see any routes when you use a show ip route command, then you have not
finished the question correctly. The simulator used on the exam does work so that the
show commands reflect what should actually be happening. Many of the simulated lab

the exam.
If you are reading this chapter as your final review before taking the exam, let me take this
opportunity to wish you success. Hopefully, you will be relaxed and confident for your
exam—and hopefully, this book will have helped you build your knowledge and confidence.
Scenario, Part A: Planning
This scenario has three parts, listed as Parts A, B, and C. Part A begins with some planning
guidelines that mainly consist of planning an IP addressing scheme for a network. After you
complete Part A, Part B of the scenario asks you to configure the three routers and one switch
to implement the planned design. Finally, Part C asks you to examine router command
output and answer questions about the details of current operation of the network. Part C
also lists some questions related to the user interface and protocol specifications.
0945_01f.book Page 482 Wednesday, July 2, 2003 3:53 PM
Scenario, Part A: Planning 483
Your job is to deploy a new network with three sites, as shown in Figure 16-1. The decision
to use point-to-point serial links has already been made, and the products have been chosen.
For Part A of this scenario, perform the following tasks:
1. Plan the IP addressing and subnets used in this network. Class B network 163.1.0.0 has
been assigned by the NIC. The maximum number of hosts per subnet is 100.
2. Assign IP addresses to the PCs as well.
3. Assign addresses for the switches near R1 for management purposes.
Assume that a single VLAN is used on the switches near Router 1 (R1).
Tables 16-1 and 16-2 are provided as a convenient place to record your IP subnets and IP
addresses when performing the planning tasks for this scenario.
Figure 16-1 Scenario Network Diagram
PC11
Server 1
PC12
Server 2
Server 3
PC13

Host Address
PC11
PC12
PC13
PC21
PC31
PC32
SW1
SW2
SW3
R1–E0
R1–S0
R1–S1
R2–E0
R2–S0
R2–S1
R3–E0
R3–S0
R3–S1
Server 1
Server 2
Server 3
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Scenario, Part A: Planning 485
Solutions to Part A: Planning
It's a good idea to keep the design as simple as possible, without making it so simple that it
will not be useful as the network evolves. In this case, any subnet mask with at least 7 host
bits would work, including the easy mask of 255.255.255.0. Any choice of mask between
255.255.224.0 and 255.255.255.128 would have allowed for 6 subnets and 100 hosts per
subnet.

As long as the numbers are in the right subnet, the actual IP addresses that you chose for your
answer are fine. I just picked numbers between 200 and 209 for the last octet for router
addresses, and between 210 and 239 for the switches and PCs. For the servers, I made the
last octet match the server number. In real networks, you might reserve particular ranges of
last octet values in each subnet for network overhead devices. For instance, all of your
routers' LAN interface IP addresses might always be between 1 and 5.
Scenario Part B: Configuration
The next step in your job is to deploy the network designed in Part A. Perform the following
tasks:
1. Configure IP addresses based on the design from Part A.
2. Although this book did not cover RIP configuration, assume that someone else who
knows how to configure RIP will configure the routers to support RIP.
3. Use PPP as the data-link protocol on the link between R2 and R3. Use the default serial
encapsulation elsewhere.
4. Configure basic administrative settings for SW3, assuming that it is a 2950 series switch.
Set the host name, IP address, default gateway, enable password, telnet password, and
console password. Save the configuration as well.
Solutions to Part B: Configuration
Examples 16-1, 16-2, 16-3, and 16-4 show the configurations for Part B.
Host Address
R2–S1 163.1.23.202
R3–E0 163.1.3.203
R3–S0 163.1.13.203
R3–S1 163.1.23.203
Server 1 163.1.1.1
Server 2 163.1.1.2
Server 3 163.1.2.3
Example 16-1 R1 Configuration
hh
hh

rr
rr
ff
ff
aa
aa
cc
cc
ee
eeSS
SS
ee
ee
rr
rr
ii
ii
aa
aa
ll
ll
00
00
Table 16-4 Part A: The Completed IP Address Planning Chart (Continued)
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Scenario, Part A: Planning 487



11
1111
11
22
2222
22
00
00
11
1122
22
55
55
55
5522
22
55

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11
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11
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33
3322
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ee
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22
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55
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5511
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22
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88
88
!!
!!
rr
rr
oo
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11
11
66
66
33
3311
1100
0000
00
Example 16-2 R2 Configuration
hh
hh
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ss
ss
tt
tt
nn
nn

ee
eeSS
SS
ee
ee
rr
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ii
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aa
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ppaa
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22
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55
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SS
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ee
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dd
dd
dd
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rr
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ss
ss
ss
ss11
11
66
66
33
3311
1122
22
33
33

55
5511
11
22
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88
88
!!
!!
EE
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tt
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nn
nn
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tt
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00
00
11
1122
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00
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55
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ff
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ll
ll
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nn
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gg
gg22
22cc
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ee
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RR
II
II
PP
PP!!
!!
rr
rr
oo
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tt
tt
ee
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rr
rrrr
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00
0000
00
Example 16-3 R3 Configuration
hh
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aa
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mm
mm
ee
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RR
33

ii
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55
55
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88
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!!
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!!
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22
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mm
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Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

bb
bb
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SW3(config-line)#ll
ll
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gg
gg
ii
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nn
nn
% Login disabled on line 0, until 'password' is set
SW3(config-line)#pp
pp
aa
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aa
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SW3(config-if)#ii
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22
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SW3(config-if)#nn
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//
//
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SW3(config-if)#dd
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SW3(config-if)#^^
^^
ZZ
ZZ
SW3#
SW3#cc
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Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration
[OK]
SW3#

ee
ee
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cc
ee
eebb
bb
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ff
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial0 163.1.12.201 YES NVRAM up up
Serial1 163.1.13.201 YES NVRAM up up
Ethernet0 163.1.1.201 YES NVRAM up up
R1#ss
ss

ss
ss
Standard IP access list 83
deny 163.1.3.0, wildcard bits 0.0.0.127
permit any
R1#
Example 16-6 Part C: R2 show and debug Output
R2#ss
ss
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Serial1 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 163.1.23.202/25
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set
Keepalive set (10 sec)
LCP Open
continues
0945_01f.book Page 489 Wednesday, July 2, 2003 3:53 PM
490 Chapter 16: Final Preparation
Open: IPCP, CDPCP
Last input 00:00:03, output 00:00:03, output hang never
Last clearing of “show interface” counters 00:00:15
Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Available Bandwidth 1158 kilobits/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1654 packets input, 90385 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 1644 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
1674 packets output, 96130 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
13 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up

ii
ii
pp
pppp
pp
rr
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oo
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tt
tt
oo
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cc
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ll
ll
Routing Protocol is “rip”
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 6 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Redistributing: rip
Example 16-6 Part C: R2 show and debug Output (Continued)
0945_01f.book Page 490 Wednesday, July 2, 2003 3:53 PM

nn
nn
nn
nn
ii
ii
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gg
ggcc
cc
oo
oo
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ff
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gg
Building configuration
Current configuration : 888 bytes
!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime

!
!
!
line con 0
password cisco
login
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
R3#ss
ss
hh
hh
oo
oo
ww
wwii
ii
pp
ppaa
aa

ee
ee
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
163.1.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 7 subnets, 2 masks
R 163.1.2.128/25 [120/1] via 163.1.23.202, 00:00:22, Serial1
C 163.1.3.128/25 is directly connected, Ethernet0
R 163.1.1.128/25 [120/1] via 163.1.13.201, 00:00:28, Serial0
R 163.1.12.128/25 [120/1] via 163.1.13.201, 00:00:28, Serial0
[120/1] via 163.1.23.202, 00:00:22, Serial1
C 163.1.13.128/25 is directly connected, Serial0
C 163.1.23.128/25 is directly connected, Serial1
C 163.1.23.202/32 is directly connected, Serial1
R3#tt
tt
rr
rr
aa
aa
cc
cc
ee
ee


1. What command tells you the contents of the ARP cache?
2. What command is used to find the path a packet would take from R3 to 163.1.1.1?
3. Imagine that R3's E0 interface needs to use a new IP address and mask (10.1.1.1,
255.255.255.0). If the user is in user mode, what steps are necessary to change the IP
address?
4. If an exec command that you cannot recall begins with the letter C, how can you get
Help to list all commands that start with C? List the steps, assuming that you are in
privileged mode.
5. Name the two commands to list the currently used configuration in a router.
6. Name the two commands to list the configuration that will be used the next time the
router is reloaded.
7. What does CDP stand for?
Solutions to Part C: Verification and Questions
The answers to the questions for Part C are as follows:
1. The show ip arp command (refer to Example 16-7) contains MAC and IP addresses.
2. The trace 163.1.1.1 command could be used to find the path that a packet would take
from R3 to 163.1.1.1 (refer to Example 16-7).
3. To change the IP address on an interface, use the following steps:
R3> enable
password: password
R3#configure terminal
R3(config)#interface ethernet 0
Tracing the route to 163.1.13.203
1 163.1.13.201 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec
2 163.1.13.203 44 msec * 32 msec
R3#pp
pp
ii
ii
nn

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 163.1.13.203, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/66/68 ms
Example 16-7 Part C: R3 show and debug Output (Continued)
0945_01f.book Page 493 Wednesday, July 2, 2003 3:53 PM
494 Chapter 16: Final Preparation
R3(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#Ctrl-Z
R3#
4. To find all commands that start with the letter C, do the following:
R3#c?
clear clock configure connect copy
R3#c
5. The two commands that list the currently used configuration in a router are show
running-config and write terminal.
6. The two commands that list the configuration that will be used the next time the router
is reloaded are show startup-config and show config.
7. CDP stands for Cisco Discovery Protocol.
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PART VII: Appendixes
Appendix A: Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Q&A Sections
Appendix B: Binary/Decimal Conversion Chart
Appendix C: Using the Simulation Software for Hands-on Exercises
Glossary
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