!"#$%&#' ()* !+%,%&-%,./%, 0..1% &2 3&4 2%&)%&5&60%&,0.&7 (89%,.0.$4%3&: &;<$4%
6/%,(=%&>.0..&? @A#B#$%&#' .;".0.$4%3&: &;<$4%6/%,(=%&689.6B!"C.0.&%,&@%,D >EA*..0.%&)$4%
FA7 #)5 !".&7 (89%,$4%3&4%,&@.&?%& &G.&H%>6D.EH ().0.$4%3&: &;<$4%6/%,(=%&FA7 5&:AIJK#L
#$%&#' .05&4%M%,,N<6*.#),N<EH%& !A<B%%&O!7 %,A<&I0..&? @A#$%&#' .1%5 !"6P#Q$4%
3&: &;<$4%6/%,(=%&E"+,RS
1. T%,$P#$%&#' &2A5&U
2. T%,$P.+(V+!
3. PW$.&X!.&".+(
4. P$ "3&<(+.+ A$"A!XA$
5. P"(+%X(("
6. P&,X(("
PHƯƠNG PHÁP KIỂM NGHIỆM VI SINH (không chỉ kiểm tra vi sinh mà còn kiểm tra hóa học, kiểm tra cảm quan)
!"#
4.1.1.1.
89%,YA5O !"(/&)%, Z< &A*.#)+ [%,$4%3&:.\ &>%&8%,5&/%,689.U &]%<@A.1A5%,&HI
^%,#Q [%,(+= &G.3&:5_ &X+* (89%,F0.6`%&$a689.,Q&=%* $P(89%,#$%&#' %&7 6`%&.&+3&b3
R% = !+%,D &)%,6cI&/%, &8d%, &L6P#Q#$%&#' ,N<EH%&><@A.1A6D !"()e5&/%,.cf&+D.e5&/%,3&0
&H%f !+%,* 5&P(89%, &G.3&:F0.6`%&I
%&'%E2 .0.YA &G.3&:5&/%,6= <@A.1A>%,8d " &8d%, &G.&H%(7<YA#),&%&'%52 gA4 &X+.0..73
6*6h689. &2 ('3%&8$"AS
73CS.0.&(7<YA.T6%> !+%,6c#H.60%&,052 gA45%,&H.&?iG" !@%* ,0 !`iA<%&7 .;"YAI
73jS52&+=.&(7<YA(+=j689.iZ%,.&+.0. &k%,&H U%&#$%&#' ,N<EH%&I2 gA4689..+()5&/%,6=
5&* !+%,$P T%,$PYA6h(7<E`3&0 &H%.c#$%&#' ,N<EH%&I
73lS
s2 gA46= <@A.1A5&S
' 6*#$%&%&m&]% &/%,$P,Q&=%i8Qn.c &@6BA5H%oI
' 6*#$%&(Q%&]% &/%,$P,Q&=%i8Q#)%&m&]% &/%,$P,Q&=% !@%I
s2 gA45&/%,.&73%&'%5&' 6*#$%&."+&]%,Q&=% !@%I
H.(7<YA3&4i+%&-%,%,8d &=+./%, 0.(7<YA &G.&H%I&N%#@%3&N% U.& =3&{%, &U%,&H.|%,3&4
.c%&-%,52% &v..1% &2 #B5} &A' (7<YA6.c%&-%,5&A<2%.0+3&Z&93 !+%, !8d%,&93#H.(7<YA689. &G.
&H%EK%&-%,%,8d5&/%,.&A<@%I
&(7<YA.1%3&464E4+%&-%,YA(7<"%, U%&6=iH%.&+(/&)%,&+D..&+&+= 6*%,.1%5 !"#)(89%,
YA(7<6;6 2%&)%&#H.3&N% U.&I
&8d%,YA689.(7<* .0.&%,YA%&@%#)E7 5~I
YA5 [ &G.3&:5&/%,E"+,c&+D.YA.;"* (/&)%,(Q%.1%689..N%(7<U %&7 jpp,&+D.5&/%,(7<U
&]%j6]%#`$4%3&:I
Q$4%3&:E"+,c>3&4(7<%&-%,YAE"+EL.&8"KI
(")
!8Q.5&(7<YA%8Q..1%3&4F0.6`%&#` !U(7<YAI
&G.&H%S
rZ%,6_%.R%6P %&•FA%,gA"%&H%,#{%8Q.65&k !Z%,I
K#"%.&+%8Q..&4<5&+4%,j3&z >6BA.&?%&#"%$"+.&+%8Q..&4<61<H%,#{>5&/%,Es% A%, cXI
rZ%,EL%&F` .R%5&k !Z%, "<I
rZ%,6_%.R%6P %&•FA%,gA"%&H%,EL%& &;< %&.&v"YAnEL%&3&4689.5&k !Z%, !8Q.5&(7<YAoI
K%s3EL%&>%&"%&.&c%,&v%,%8Q. [#{>(89%,%8Q.#)+5&+4%,j€l & U.&EL%&.&v">5&/%,6%8Q..&4< !)%
!"H%,&+D.Es%!"%,+)>#D%5U%%s3EL%&I
rZ%,.R%5&k !Z%,EL%&6h.&v"YA!R.&+EL%&#)+ zW#/ !Z%,I& &•6%&'%iH%YA#)#{%8Q.>.&+
&•#)+ z.&A%,#Q
EL%&.&v"YAIJA*.5U%H%, zEy%,iN< &A%&+D.E7Ey%,5E7I
&+YA#)+ &Z%,.0.&%&H .c.&v"60F"<%&m3&;gA"%& zYAI((*+ ,-$.
/
‚0.6`%&#` !U#) &d6(7<YA !8Q.5& 2%&)%&S
/%,6+=% &d6(7<YA
C 23%&'%%,A<@%(HA
,A<@%(HA$"A5& 23%&'% [6=(w>
.&8"gA"!k"$]E*I
j 0../%,6+=%!k" "A5&!k"F+%,>6"%,6!0+%8Q.I
l 0../%,6+=%.&2E2% 7<YA%,"< !+%,5&6"%,$4%FA7 I
12-
YA.1%689.,&%&h%%,"< !8Q.&+D.$"A5&(7<YAI
&h%3&4,&.&+3&Z&93#Q&R$](7<YAI
&h%,&3&4.&`A689.0%&$0%,>5&/%, &7%8Q.I
&h%6h,&5&/%,689. &"<6T#) :<F+0 !+%, &d,"%EP.F23>E4+gA4%#)#'%.&A<%I
&h%3&4.c5U.& &8Q.6;(Q%6,&%&'%q &/%, %.1% &2 I
12-4$%
!@%#' i\%,.&A<%YA>%&h%.1%689.,&S
@%>6`".&?>$P6H% &+=.;"%,8d%&'%I2A.1%,k(=> @%%,8d,k.|%,3&4689.,& !@%%&h%I
0..&zw.1% &2 5&0.%&8Si#ˆ> &G.3&:.1% !-(=%&>YA5%,&H>D @%>x
(53#
†YA3&4689.6U%&5_ &X+* &R$]YA>F0.6`%&!‰YA3&Z
&93#Q%&h%,& !@%YA&+D. &Z%,.&v"YAI
R$]YA689..+()&93(H5&.c.&-5w.;"%,8d(7<YA#)%,8d.&;(/&)%, &G.3&:.cYA689.(7<I
R$]YA.1%.c%&-%, &/%, %$"AS
,8d<@A.1A3&{%, &U%,&H &G.&H%(7<YA63&N% U.&S @%>6`".&?>$P6H% &+=>II
@%>6`".&?>$P6H% &+=.;"%,8d(7<YAI
`"6#) &d,"%(7<YAI
&/%, %#B &G.3&:689.(7<YAS U%&.&7 &G.3&:>%,)<$4%FA7 > &d&=%$ki\%,>6BA5H%E4+gA4%>i=%,
E"+EL>x
,A<@%%&N%(7<YAS5 !">E`5&2A%=>x
&8]%,3&03(7<YAS(7<%,YA%&@% !+%,(/&)%,>(7<%,YA%&@% [$PYA.c$Š%>x
0..&? @A.1%3&N% U.&S67897897:
,+)!".{%.c &@%&BA &/%, %5&0.I
4.1.1.5.;4*<=<
YA$"A5&(7<>.1%.&A<%#B3&{%, &U%,&H.)%,%&"%&.)%, P I&#'%.&A<%>E4+gA4%.1%64E4+$"+.&+
5&/%,.cE2%6T60%,5%)+F4<!" !8Q.5&3&N% U.&IYA.1%689.E4+gA4% P 6.&P%,(=$G%&O5&A:%#)
%&-%, &"<6T !+%, &)%&3&1%#$%&#' IR%, &d#H.#'%.&A<%YA.1% &AF23$"+.&+YA#B62%3&{%, &U
%,&H !+%,#{%,C‹,d#)%&8#'<#H.3&N% U.&.c &Es 61A !+%,#{%,jƒ,d5 [5&(7<YAI
P#Q%&-%,YA &G.3&:"A&8&m%, &L.1%689.#'%.&A<%%&"%&>E4+gA4% !+%,%&-%, &Z%,.0.&(6c%,
!"%&-%,YA%,&%,d,N<i`.&EH%&I
&.&73%&'%YA> &LYA689.E4+gA4% !0%&5&m.0. 0.%&N%&+0>(w>.]&q..c &()E2%6TYAI&{%, &U
%,&H.1%.c61<6;3&8]%, H% !-(=%&6;(Q%6.&v"YA#)YA(8AI
,-"*.'()'*+
r+YA689.(7<#B* (89%,5&0(Q%$+#Q(89%,6X63&N% U.&>6R%, &d.{%5_ &X+%&h%>E"+EL>x&+D.
!8d%,&93.1%3&4!h6/%,YA>x%@%YA.1%689.Fk(U$]E* !8Q.5& 2%&)%&3&N% U.&I
4.1.3.1. >+?@4*-+A ,B
&k !Z%,EBD $4%3&:Ey%,E4%5(+=6P %c%,&+D.%,q%(k"I
rZ%,i\%,.\#/ !Z%,,ˆEm.0.%&h%&HA !@%EBD I
7<* (89%,YAE@% !+%,>U %&7 5&+4%,Cp,I
&A<%YA#)+E"+>!c i`.&3&"YA#).N%> Œ(HYASi`.&3&"YA()CS•I
R%,%&7 YA !+%, zi'3YA !+%,lp,N<#QYAiOi'3#)C3&z #QYA5&ci'3I
&"(+h%,YAK%R%,6* &U.&&936 2%&)%&3&N% U.&%,"<I
4.1.3.2.>+?@4*/C+A ,B
0%&i7A* 5&A#G.EBD YAEy%,5&A/%#)i"+T>(7<* (Q3m%,EBD i)<Cuj#QiH% U.& P &A
()Cp.
j
I
&+#)+E"+>3&"(+h%, &X+ ?(HCS•>Cp,Ž•p(iA%,i`.&3&"(+h%,I
R%,%&7 YA !+%, zi'3YA !+%,lp,N<#QYAiOi'3#)C3&z #QYA5&ci'3I
C(i`.&3&"(+h%, 8]%,68]%,#Q$P#$%&#' !@%C€CppEBD 6h.&q%nC(v%,#Qp>C.
j
5&EBD (7<
YA()Cp.
j
o#).c &
iZ%,6.7<#)+ !+%,&+D.(@% !@%.0..].&7 8]%,v%,I
4.1.3.3.>+?@4+A ,D
!*%YAEy%,.0.&64+%,89..&"Cp(1%n&+D. &X+&8Q%,iY%.\ & A~ [%,3&8]%,3&03oIrZ%,33X "%.7<
.&A<%#)+/ !8d%, &U.&&93Ic &3&"(+h%,YA%2A.1%I
$+#QE"%61AI
2A.1%> &L 2%&)%&3&"(+h%,i`.&YA62%6*3&"(+h%,.1% &2 I
((L
&q%j&"<l6*3&"(+h%,(@% 23iG52%.&v"jtujtp 2E)+#$%&#' !+%,C(6.7<(@%6…"X !IrZ%,33X
#/ !Z%,&+D.33X "%#Q61A 3#/ !Z%,.&A<%C(iA%,i`.&3&"(+h%,6h.&q%#)+,-"6…"I
^%,#Q†6*3&"(+h%,.7<U %&7 jul6…"I
"A5&.7<>6T#)+†6…"CpuCt(/ !8d%,6h689.6A%.&4<#)T%6`%&Kƒt
+
I!*%6BAi`.&YA#Q
/ !8d%,Ey%,.0.&F+"<
!{%6…"X !%,"<$"A5&6T/ !8d%,ID .0.6…" !@%D 3&’%,
%,"%,.&+ &=.&6/%,6D.I
' %,89.#);.0.6…" !+%, ;7K%&H 6*lp
±
C
+
!+%,•j,dI
(((L+0=<
&q%.0.6…".c$P62 [jtujtp5&A:%(=.6 U%&52 gA4I' 6* T%,#$%&#' &2A5&U !+%,C,&"<C(YA
689. U%&%&8$"AS
n“”€,&"<“”€(o•€n%
C
V
C
ŽxŽ%
V
o
!+%,6cSS$P 2E)+#5&A:% !+%,C,&"<C(YAI
P-B
&8]%,3&03689.iZ%, !+%,%&-%, &G.3&:.c.&v"(89%,LM7LM.&`A%&H >LM3&N%
#)6#Q' 6* &73I
&8]%,3&03%)<iG" !@%%,A<@% s.S
YA689.3&"(+h%, &)%&* ih< &'33&N%I
l&+D.tYA.c6*3&"(+h%,(@% 23689.; !+%,P%,%,&H.&v"
/ !8d%, &U.&&93.cP%,EY<5&UrA!&"I
D3(=l62%tP%,#Q†%R%,6*3&"(+h%,I
&X+i‰#),&%&'%$PP%,%,&H.&+3&4%v%,i8]%, U%&n$%&&]#)6T)AoK†%R%,6*3&"(+h%,I
rG"#)+E4%,>$A<!"$P(89%,%&c#$%&#' 8]%,v%,&H%iH% !+%,C,n&+D.C(oYAE"%61AI
G"HI
/ !8d%,(m%,"A!<(A(3&" XJ!+ &Jn."%&"A!<(A(3&" XoI
/ !8d%,(m%,J!(("% !XX%". +$XJ(X"( n."%&JJoI
/ !8d%,(m%,6nWI.+(XiA>."%&WoI
0./ !8d%,(m%, !@%689..&A:%E` !+%,.0.P%,%,&H.&v"P%,rA!&"z3%,89.I"A5&5&k !Z%,>.&?$k
i\%,.0.P%,%,&H5&/%,.cEq 5&UE@% !+%,P%,rA!&"I
"%&!<3 +%X#)."%&uI
/ !8d%,!s%+% !" X,"!n &=.&+% !" XoI
rA%,i`.&%8Q.AP3X3 +%‘n"(%XX3 +%‘" X!oI
&AP. &k+#".—$>X &<(Xi>αu%"3 &+(I
(JK .0
&A:%E`i`.&6R%,%&7 &+0&+D.3&"(+h%,YAK6*(+h%,.1% &2 I
E@"NLM
7<C(i`.&YA6h3&"(+h%,Cp
uC
#)+lP%,%,&H>†P%,.&v"Cp(."%&JI
&G.&H% 8]%, G#Qi`.&YA6h3&"(+h%,Cp
uj
#)Cp
ul
+
!+%,jƒ,dI
&m &AP. &k+#".—$#)+.0.P%,%,&H6h;I&4%v%,i8]%, U%&5&.c)A6mFA7 &H% !+%,/ !8d%,
!+%,#{%,#)3&z I
&%&'%$P(89%,.0.P%,.&+52 gA4nŽo !@%/ !8d%,!<3 +%
v%,#Q†6*3&"(+h%,I
$E@"N6
7<!"i`.&YA [.0.P%,nŽo !@%/ !8d%,."%&W$"%,/ !8d%, &=.&WJI.0.6…"%)<Kl•
+
!+%,
jƒ,dI
&q%5&A:%(=.6,46`%&n6D.6S !{%>i• &L%&6…">.c0%&5 Uo.c68d%,5U%&(Q%&]%C#).7<
#)+.0./ !8d%,>+% !" X,"!6 &G.&H%.0. &k%,&HI
™%,.&+52 gA4nŽo !+%,."%&W#)5&A:%(=.6,46`%& !@%/ !8d%,WJ.&+52 gA4 &k%,&H
()ŽŽuu()P%,.c6nŽoI&%&'%P%,%,&H.c6nŽo.Z%,#Q6*3&"(+h%,I
L+?Q=<
!"E4%,6 U%&' 6*#$%&#' !+%,YA#)EAiO%i8Qi=%, !`$P€,&"<€(YAE"%61A
.&8"3&"(+h%,I
4.2.2.3.E@"NLM7LM .*O "# + ?,
(P-B
7<* (89%,%&7 6`%&YA6h689.6R%,%&7 &c"(@%/ !8d%, &=.&.&q%(q. &U.&&93.&v"(". +$X>AP' >IIII
Kl•
±
C
+
!+%,jƒuƒ‹,dI
2$P5&A:%(=.LM(@%X%(". +$X#)$%&".i &/%,gA"6D.6S5&A:%(=..c)A6m62%)A6m6'>
68d%,5U%&šp>t>FA%,gA"%&5&A:%(=..c#Z%, ;".;"AP' I
H.5&’%,6`%&LM689. &G.&H%Ey%,.0.&%A/.7<5&A:%(=. !@% !@%/ !8d%,."%&.&q%(q.JJI
6`%&(89%,LM3&N%> &G.&H% 8]%, G%&8%, &"<6T%&H 6*;()ƒƒ
±
C
+
!+%,jƒuƒ‹,dI
s2 gA45&’%,6`%&nŽo5&LM M%, !8K%,()6\./ !8d%,#)$%&&] !+%,P%,rA!&"I
!8d%,&935&’%,6`%&+(V+!$3&N%S
srZ%,gAX.7<#{%,.7<$"%,.0.P%,.&v"/ !8d%,WI
s.0.P%,%,&HKƒƒ
+
!+%,jƒuƒ‹,dI
s0.5&A:%(=..&+52 gA4nŽo !@%W689. &G.&H% &k%,&H%i+(Kƒƒ
+
I&k%,&@5&’%,6`%&LM
3&N%.&?689.FX()nŽo5&#["nŽo !@%/ !8d%,W#["nŽo !@% &k%,&H%i+(I
U%& ?(H5&’%,6`%&() ?$P,-"$P5&A:%(=..&+52 gA4nŽo#Q5&A:%(=.689.iZ%, !+%, &k%,&H5&’%,6`%&I
(L+0=<
rG"#)+$P5&A:%(=.62689.#) ?(H5&’%,6`%&> U%&' 6*LM7LM3&N% &X+./%, &v.$"AS
n“”€,&"<“”€(o•no€n%
C
#V
C
ŽxŽ%
#V
o
!+%,6cSS T%,$P5&A:%(=.62689.I
%
S$P6…".c$P5&A:%(=.689..&q% =†6*3&"(+h%,I
+
!+%,jƒ,dI
&G.&H% &k%,&H#),&%&'%$P5&A:%(=.6nŽoI
L+0=<
U%& ?(H5&’%,6`%&#) U%&' 6*6n“”€(&"<“”€,o &X+./%, &v. 8]%, G\.ƒIjIjIlIƒK !@%I
$,Staphylococcus aureus