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Ngô Đức Hảo

Trước tiên, tôi xin được bày tỏ lòng biết ơn chân thành và
sâu sắc nhất đến thầy giáo hướng dẫn Phó giáo sư, Tiến sĩ Võ
Thanh Tú, người đã tận tình dẫn dắt và tạo mọi điều kiện tốt
nhất để tôi có thể hoàn thành luận văn này.
Tôi cũng xin chân thành cảm ơn các thầy cô giáo khoa
Công nghệ thông tin trường Đại học Khoa học – Đại học Huế,
những người đã trực tiếp giảng dạy, giúp đỡ và tạo mọi điều

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MỞ ĐẦU
1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
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EADNDNRYG{BPFHoBZMHabETDNghDNZMIOPIDNE<mEWXDN>H~EjBYOLMOPIDN
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dRUPmDN[RqdOPSDOR=NB{BLMGERIEIDDNaoB—[RqdDpBE•OR}ORADNOBD
HabEZ{BDRF<GnBLzEGnBDpB2
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ORXDNG|DNE•gJK•‘BP•g‚2YORXDNG|DNE•gJKH–PFHoB[RVLJ<ZME•
DRBu<OVEHmDNOIL{DH=DW`dRVOOPB}DEUFC–RmB2<KDRBSD>Z{BW`dRVO
OPB}DG|DRGrEUF[RIFRnEEADNDNRY>EVERYORXDNG|DNE•gJKg„DjmELm
EVER|DER=2SDE|DRH•>W`PFHoBZMdRVOOPB}DG|DRGrEUFEVEORB=OjsgB
HmDNEVDRJDDRaLFdOId>WGFPOdRID•>OFjL•O>˜LMGD]KWBDRDR<E„<[=ODXB
EVEORB=OjsDMK2YORXDNG|DNE•gJK[RADNOR}HVdTDNHabEDR<E„<DMK
ZM[RADNdRVOR<KR=OHabEDR•DNa<HB}GEUFEVEORB=OjsgBHmDN2MW`PF
HoBEUFG|DN[RADNgJK•‘BP•L•WW‚H–HVdTDNHabEDR<E„<[=ODXBEUFEVE
ORB=OjsgBHmDN2
VEORB=OjsgBHmDNDNMKEMDNdRVOOPB}DG|DRGr>ZMDR<E„<[=ODXB

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g`FOPSDdRapDNdRVdGAdR‹DNjœDN'?2iH•CVEHsDRGABOPaoDNVd
ghDNOXOERIEVENBFIORTEH}H]Gj]IOP<KuDORADNOBDE^KZMRBY<\<]2
3. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
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HaFPFEVEHVDRNBVDR^DCeO2
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OB=DRMDRdRJDOtER>HVDRNBVH}HaFPF[=OL<^D2
4. Ý nghĩa khoa học và thực tiễn của đề tài
BFIORTEHsDRO<K=DLFBNRedLMW`[=ORbdEUFRFBEpER=HsDRO<K=D
ERUHmDNZMjsHmDN2kDHuH~OPFLM[=ORbdDRaOR=DMIH}H|OHabERBY<
\<]EFI>HVDNOBDE^K2VENBFIORTELFBNRedHabEDNRBSDET<Hu<g`FOPSD
DN<KSDOqEER<DNLMG|DNHabEERBFORMDREVEZ†DN>EpER=O<K=DERUHmDN
WfghDNERIHsDRO<K=DOPIDNZ†DNZMEpER=jsHmDNHabEWfghDNERINBFI
OB=dNB•FEVEZ†DN2<KDRBSDG›BNBFIORTEL|BE•EVERORTEOR`ERBYD[RVE
DRF<g‰DH=DDR•DNRBY<\<][RVEDRF<2BYDDFK>EVEDRMDNRBSDET<Z‰D
HFDNOB=dOhEHBWJ<DNRBSDET<ZkDHuHsDRO<K=DLFBNRedH}HuC<kOORSG
EVEOR<^OOIVDE]BOB=DEUFEVENBFIORTEDMK2IH•>ZBYEDNRBSDET<EVENBFI
ORTEHsDRO<K=DLFBNRedOPSDG|DN(LME„DORB=OZMH•LMEpW—H}Hu
C<kOORSGEVEOR<^OOIVDG{BRI~EE]BORBYDDJDNEFIRBY<D_DNEUFEVEOR<^O
OIVDE™2
|DN(PFHoBH–LJ<ZMZBYETDNghDNOPIDNOR`EO=EUFDRBu<
Da{EOPSDOR=NB{BH–GFDNL|BRBY<\<]OIL{D2<KDRBSD>—BYOFGRBYD
DFK>G|DN(Z‰DERaFHabETDNghDNPmDNP–B2IH•>ZBYEDNRBSD
ET<G|DN(ZMEVENBFIORTEHsDRO<K=DOPIDNG|DN(E•ˆ
DNRwF\<FDOPnDNOPIDNZBYEW{GHaFG|DN(ZMITDNghDNPmDNP–B—
Da{EOFRBYDDFK2
5. Cấu trúc của luận văn

1.1.1 Mạng MANET
{BDR•DNa<HB}GEUFEADNDNRYOP<KuDORADN[RADNgJKE†DNZ{BW`
dRVOOPB}DDRFDRER•DNEUFEVEORB=OjsgBHmDN>EVEG|DN[RADNgJKHabE
dRVOOPB}DPkOG|DROPIDNORoBNBFDN„DHJK2|DN[RADNgJKE•OR}HabEERBF
ORMDRRFB[B}<+G|DNR|O„DNZMG|DN[RADNE•R|O„DN2PIDN[B}<G|DNR|
O„DN>ZBYEOP<KuDORADNNB•FEVEdR„DOfG|DNdRhOR<mEZMIW`R›OPbEUF
GmOR|O„DNG|DNEXHsDR2PIDN[RBH•>G|DN[RADNE•R|O„DNRI|OHmDN
[RADNdRhOR<mEZMIR|O„DNEXHsDR>EVE[=ODXBOP<KuDORADNHabEORB=OL^d
\<FEVELBSD[=O[RADNgJKHFja{E2
1.1.2 Lịch sử phát triển:
N<KSDLˆLMGZBYEEUFG|DNgRIEjqODN<cDOiD_G5€04[RBEVE
G|DN&HabEOR`ERBYD2<KEVEOP|GLMGZBYELMEXHsDRDRaDNNBFI
ORTE&H–OR`ERBYDZBYE\<]DLˆOP<KE^d[SDROP<KuDga{Bg|DNdRJD
OVD>HJKLMEpW—LˆOR<K=OH}dRVOOPB}D[•OR<^OOP<KE^d[SDRdRJDOVDZMI
G|DNgRIE2
_G5€…@OŠERTE$H–jqOH„<LMGZBYEOPSDG|DNZAO<K=DN•B
OBD$D•O2JKLMG|DNZAO<K=DN•BOBDHFER~DNH„<OBSD2PIDNH•EVEDzO
y
RbdOVEZ{BDRF<H}NfBg•LBY<O{BGmODzODœG—CF[R<Z`E[=ODXBORADN
\<FGmODzO[RVE2•E<DNEkdEpER=ERIZBYE\<]DLˆRI|OHmDNOPSDEpW—
O^dOP<DNZMdRJDOVD2mOLbBHB}GEUFLMGZBYEHFER~DNWIZ{BHpDER~DN
LMOPB}D[RFBHFER~DNO|IOR<^DLbBERIZBYEg†DNL|BOMBDN<KSD[SDROP<KuD
ZuE][RADNNBFD>ORoBNBFDZMNB]GD_DNLabDNdRVOE„DORB=O2
'F<H•E•DRBu<G|DNZAO<K=DN•BOBDdRVOOPB}DDRaDNEVERYORXDN
[RADNgJKDMKZ‰DERaFjFINBoO{BOFKDNaoBg†DNERIH=D[RBER<¢D41?255
PFHoB2(((H–HŠBOSDG|DNZAO<K=DN•BOBDORMDRG|DNgRIE2
1.1.3 Đặc điểm của mạng MANET:
mOG|DN(jFINcGEVER|O„DNgBHmDN•ZtghGmOPI<O•PZ{B
DRBu<RIWOZMORB=OjsOP<KuDORADNZAO<K=D‚>—HJKHabENnBLMEVEDzO>HFDN
gBER<K}DO`gI2VEDzOE•OR}HabEH~OOPSDGVKjFK>O„<ORUK>C•[eI>AOA

Năng lượng hạn chế:kOE]EVEORB=OjsgBHmDNHu<WfghDNdBDDSD
[RBORFGNBFZMIG|DN(ERzDNjsR|DER=ZuD_DNLabDN>[R]D_DN
CfLˆEUF>[tERORa{EjmDR{2QZ^KOBS<ERtORB=O[=\<FDOPnDNDRkO
HXBZ{BZBYEOXBa<LMOB=O[BYGD_DNLabDN2
Băng thông hạn chế:VELBSD[=O[RADNgJKE•j_DNORADNORkdRpD
WIZ{BHaoDNOP<KuDEVdZMERzDNEšDERs<]DRRa—DNEUFW`DRBx<>W<KNB]G
OtDRBY<>EVEHBu<[BYDNBFIORIFZQOR=GMORaoDNDR‹RpDOXEHmOP<KuDL{D
DRkOEUFW•DNZAO<K=D2
Bảo mật vật lý hạn chế: VEG|DNgBHmDNZAO<K=DORaoDNORBSDZu
j]IG^OL{dZ^OLˆRpDWIZ{BEVEG|DNR•<O<K=D2.R]D_DNjsDNR•OPmG>
NB]G|IZMOkDEADNOiERXBgsERZhE„DHabEC•GCeOE¢DOR^D2VE[wOR<^O
j]IG^OLBSD[=ORBYDE•ORaoDNHabEVdghDNERIEVEG|DNZAO<K=DH}NB]G
EVEDN<KEpZuj]IG^O2]DERkO[RADNO^dOP<DNEUFHBu<[RB}DG|DNOPIDN
G|DN(E™DNO|IPFDR•DNa<HB}GHXBZ{BDRabEHB}G¤WBDNL•dIBDO
I••FBL<P•¥EUFEVEG|DN\<]DLˆO^dOP<DN2
…
1.2 Phân loại mạng MANET
1.2.1 Phân loại theo giao thức:
Œ 'BDNL•ŒRId+
|DN(HsDRO<K=DWBDNL•ŒRIdLMGARQDRG|DNFgRIEHpDNB]D
DRkO2PIDNH•>OkOE]EVEDzOHu<DœGOPIDNE†DN5Z†DNdRUW•DN>DNRwFLM
EVEDzOE•OR}[=ODXBOP`EOB=dZ{BDRF<GM[RADNE„DEVEDzOOP<DNNBFD2
PIDNGARQDRDMK>EVEDzOE•OR}gBER<K}DO`gIDRaDNERžOPIDNGmO
dR|GZBDRkOHsDRHUH}EVEDzOLBSD[=OOP`EOB=dZ{BEVEDzO[RVEOPIDNG|DN2
Œ <LOBŒRId+
JKLMGARQDRdRŠjB=ODRkOOPIDNG|DN(2PIDNGARQDRDMK>
EVEDzOE•OR}[=ODXBZ{BEVEDzO[RVEOPIDNG|DNGM[RADNE„D[=ODXBOP`E
OB=dZ{BDRF<2VEDzOE•OR}HsDRO<K=DH=DEVEDzO[RVEORADN\<FEVEDzO
OP<DNNBFDOPIDNG|DN2}GARQDRDMKRI|OHmDNGmOEVERRIMDR]IORQE„D
dR]BE•NBFIORTEHsDRO<K=DdR†RbdZ{BGARQDRG|DN(2

1.3 Các thuật toán định tuyến:
PIDNG|DN(>EVEDzOG|DNgBER<K}DO`gIDSD[B=DOPzEG|DN
ORFKHŠBLBSDOhENJK[R•[R_DOPIDNZBYEOP<KuDO]BEVEN•BOBD2IH•>ZkDHu
HVDN\<FDOJGEUFG|DN(LMHsDRO<K=D2}HsDRO<K=DOPSDG|DN
(>DNaoBOFORaoDNg†DN?OR<^OOIVD 5@¡> 5y¡+OR<^OOIVDZ•EOIP[RI]DN
EVER•BWOFDE••EOIP‚ZMOR<^OOIVDOP|DNORVBLBSD[=O•&BD[WOFO•‚2
1.3.1 Thuật toán vector khoảng cách (Distance Vector):
R<^OOIVD•LLGFDŒŽIPgOtDROIVDHaoDNHBDNqDDRkOOiDN<cDO{B
HtERHabEGAO]DRaWF<+
Dd<O+cORs•>‘>W‚§
Bellman-Ford-More(G,w,s):
Œ a{E5+.R—BO|IDzODN<cDW§
Œ a{E?+•IPB“5OI ¡gI
ŽIPG›BE|DR•<>Z‚
∈
( ¡gI
•g•Z‚¨g•<‚©‘OR•D{ d(u), d(v) là chi phí được tính từ nút gốc đến
các đỉnh u,v}
g•Z‚+“g•<‚©‘§
Œ a{E@+•IPG›BE|DR•<>Z‚
∈
( ¡gI
€
•g <¡©‘•<>Z‚ªg Z¡OR•D
$•O<PDŽFLW•§
(LW•
$•O<PDP<•§
<Od<O+JKHaoDNHBDNqDDRkOOiDzOWH=DEVEDzO[RVE>[=O\<]RMG
OP]ZuP<•D=<[RADNE•HžDRDMIGMHaoDNHBH=DD•E•NBVOPsL{DRpDOŠDN
HaoDNHBH=DDzO[uHTDNOPa{ED•Z{BOPnDNWXOPSDE|DRDXBRFBHžDR<ZMZ>

OIVDB«[WOPFHabEVdghDNOPIDNNBFIORTEHsDRO<K=DOP|DNORVBLBSD[=OHabE
OR`ERBYD\<FEVEja{EWF<+
Dd<O+cORs•>‘>W‚§
B«[WOPF•>‘>W‚+
Œ a{E5+.R—BO|IDzODN<cDW§
Œ a{E?+'+“¬-§¬Cuối cùng S sẽ chứa các đỉnh có trọng số đường đi
ngắn nhất từ s-
Œ a{E@+.R—BO|IRMDNHbBa<OBSD‡+“ ¡{Q chứa các đỉnh trong
đồ thị G}
Œ a{E3+’RBL•‡ª¨¬-gI
<+“(®$¯•‡‚ {Chọn ra đỉnh v trong Q lân cận đỉnh u có
trọng số cạnh (u,v) nhỏ nhất gán cho u}
Œ a{Ey+'+“
∪
¬<-§‡+“‡°¬<-
Œ a{E0+•IPG›BHžDRZ
∈
g« <¡gI{v các đỉnh liền kề với u}
•g•Z‚¨g•<‚©‘OR•D{d(u), d(v) là chi phí được tính từ nút gốc đến
các đỉnh u, v}
g•Z‚+“g•<‚©‘§{Quay lại bước 4}§
<Od<O+JKHaoDNHBDNqDDRkOOiHžDRWH=DEVEDzOOPIDNG|DN2
.RBVdghDNEVEOR<^OOIVDOP|DNORVB[=ODXB>G›BDzOWfghDNg•LBY<
EpW—EUFD•DRaLMGmOj]DHcEUFG|DNZ{Bg|DNGmOHcORs2}LMGHBu<
DMK>G›BDzOdRVOHBO{BOIMDG|DNDR•DNORADNOBDZuEVEDzO[RVEGMD•E•
OR}[=ODXBHabE>ZMOiDNDzON•dORADNOBDGmOEVERHmEL^dZMIj]DHc2'f
ghDNj]DHcDMK>G›BDzOWF<H•WrCVEHsDRHabEO<K=DHaoDNOXODRkOOiD•
H=DGnBDzO[RVE2
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