BO
GIAO
DUG VA DAO TAG
DAI HOG
QUOG
GIA
HA
NOI
TRUONG
DAI HOG KHOA HOG
Tl/NHlfiN
DINH
XUAN
LOG
Ngliien
ciiu
ung
dung
tinh
chat
ky
nuo^c ciia
axit
MDV
doi voi
qua
trinh
nghicn
clinker
vii
tang

A
Chircng
1
I.I.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

.7
.7.1
.7.2
.7.3
.7.3;i
.7.3b
.7.3c
.7.3cl
.8
1.8.1
1.8.2
1.8 ^
1.8.4
1.8.5
I
.8.6
Lcri
ma
daii
Tung quail
Xi
maiig
pooclang
Khai iiiem
Thanh
phaii
hoa hoc
ciia
clinker xi
mang

khoang Alit
Phan ung hydral hoa cua khoang Belit
Phan ung hydrat hoa cua khoang TricaxiAluminat
Phan
I'rng
hydral hoa cua khoang Tetra caxi
Fcroaluminat
Cac he so
ca
ban cua clinker xi mang pooclang
He so bao hoa voi LSF
Modun
.Silic
SM
Modun
iihom
AM
Qua
truih
san
xuflt
xi mang pooclang
Nghien xi mang pooclang
Thach cao
Cac
loai
phu gia khac
Oic
vcu
to

Su
to;i nhiet khi
doiig
ran
Do on
diiili the tfch
Tiaiig
1.2
'
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
9

1.9.1
Tro xi

1.9.2
Phu gia Puzolan 22
1.9.3
Cac loai axil beo va chat
hfru
co khac 23
ChU(tng
2 Vai tro cua phu gia ky
nirac
doi
vai
xi mang 27
Chircyng
3 Cac
phirang
phap hoa ly nghien
curu
xi mang 34
3.1
Phaang
phap phan tfch hoa hoc xac djnh cac thanh
philn
khoang
hoa
ciia
xi mang
34

3.2
Phirong
phap
phan
tfch
nhieu
xa tia X
38
3.3
F^hucrng
phap phan tfch pho hong ngoai 39
3-4
Phirong piiap
phan
Ifch
nhict
41
3.5
IMian Ifch
cap hat bang quang pho
laser
43
l^han
B
Thac
nghiem
^^
C
hUitng
4 Nghien

cua ham lirang phu gia den chat lagng xi mang khi
bao quan 5
I
4-4.1
£)Q
hut am theo thai gian bao quan
51
4-4.2
£)Q
\ on cue
theo thai gian bao quan
54
4.5
Arih
hirang cua ham lugng phu gia
deii
do deo lieu chuan
ciia
xi
mang
_^
_ _ ^
;
•" • _ ^ "^ ^
!Sh
4.6 Anh hirang cua ham
hrgng
|)hu gia den qua
lilnh
dong h(.)c dong

Ket
luan -j
5.3
5.4
5.5
63
67
69
60
Mo
ddu
Xi mang la vat lieu quan
Irong
hang dau
Irong
nganh xay
dung,
chi'nh vi
va)'
nganh
cong nghicp
san
xual
xi mang
dUdc coi
la
mol
U'ong
nhu'ng
nganh mui

sir
dung xi mang
cho xay dung
hien
nay la 18
Iricu Ian
va
duyc
du doan
lang Irung blnh
khoang 10 - 15%/ nam Irong mUoi nam
lai.
Dc
ihu'c hien
khoi
lirong
xay
clu'ng lo 16'n
Irong nhung nam
lai,
chiing
la can lang dang kc khoi luo'ng xi
mang va nang cao
chal luang
xi mang. Irong
dicu
kicn
lir nhicMi
voi khf hau
nhict doi nong

cii'u
va
sil
dung phu gia xi mang ki
nuoc
co mot vai
Iro
ral
c|uan
Irong .
Do
la mol giai phap khoa hoc ky
ihual
lam
hiCMi
doi mol so
liiih
chal
ciia
xi mang, be long va
vij'a
be long
iheo
quan diem Uic dung cua
niriV cV
cac giai doan khac nhau Irong san xual va
sir
dung loai
vai lieu
nay.

vao san xual cong nghicp. Sau
niiv
cac nha khoa
hoc
LicMi
Xo da nghicn
cu'u
sii'
dung nhieu
loai
phu
gia ki nu'(')"c
va cac dac
dicMii
ky
ihual ciia
xi mang ki nuac Irong
vu'a,
be
long
dicing
trong cac cong
Irinh
\a\'
du'nu.
0
nu6c
ta
tir tmoc
tai nay co vai tac gia da nghien

\oa\
phu
gia axit beo MDV vao xi
mang
pooclang
Biit
san
nh^m
dap
li'ng
yen
cdu
da
n§u
do.
PHAN A
Tong
quan
CHU()N(,
1: XI
MAN(J
POOCLANC;
1.1.
Khiii iiiciii
:
Xi mang la ten ggi
chimg ciia
mol
nhcim
hgp

da voi va
Alumosilicat (dai
set, xi lo cao )
rhacli
cao
c(i
tac dung
dieii chinh Ihoi
gian
ninli
ket cua xi mang .
tioiig
khi
nghien min de
dieii chinh Ifnh
chat va ha gia
thai
h nguoi ta cho
thcMii khoi'nig
L5'/
phu gia boat
linh
nhu"
Puzolan, Iro, (rcpcn. . khoang
0,1
-
0.5';^
pini
gia
tro"

tio
thanh chat ket dfnh
cjiian
Irong nhal Irong \a\ dung
co'
ban.
1.2.
riuinli pliiin lioii
hoc
ciui
clinker xi
inaii^
| 9
Day la yen to
cpian
trong nhal de danh gia chat
I
rgng
clinkci.
Gom co
6 oxit
chinh:
1.2
.1
. CaO : chicm t(')'i 63 - 67
^;
va dugv
k\
hu u
la C.

lai
loa
nhiet
nhi^u
nen kern ben hoa.
1.2.2.
SiO,
: chiem 21-24
'/r,
ky hien S
SiO,
lien
kel
voi CaO lao thanh khoang
Silicat
Cac khoang
na\
^'^'^ \ai
Iro
qnyel (hnh tci'i cii'o'ng
do
ciia
vua xi mang
doin
cii'ng.
Luong SiO,
lien
kcl
l(Vn,vl
vay xi mang co

giim
dong ran nhanh,
nhiel
toa nhieu,
toe
do toa
nliiet
Ion.
do
i\n
khi dong ran
kcm ben
ho;i.
1.
2 .4 .
FcO,
chiem 2,5 - 3
'^,
ky hien F
Fe,()^
licMi
ket voi CaO tao thanh Feritcanxi 1
oac Alumoferit
canxi.
Ncii
hrgng
Fe,0,
hi'n,
nhiel do ket khoi
ciia jihoi

donu
ran.
\i
no o
tinnu
dune
tlich lan thnv tinh Pci iclaz
(uion:-,
Ca()
lir do)
. 2 .6 .
KiOm
chicm 0.1 -
\'/<
. kv
hien KX)
Khi cho
kiein
van clinker
thl mot phfin
bay
di
va
mol ph;1n o
lai
tronu clinkci
(K.O
>
Na.O).
Day la thanh

.
!',()
nhung co anh huong
nho khong dang
kfi
toi xi mang
1.3.
riinnh
phan
khoang
cua
clinker
\i
niaiiji pooclang
| 4 |
I.
3.1.
Alit (
(\S
): chiem
4.'S
- 70%
\)C\\
la khoang
(juan Ining niiat
cua clinkci.
ix)
la dung
dicli
ran

('
+
CS
Sir
bicn doi
na\
phu thuoc vao che
i.]o
lam
lanh
\
i
^u'
c(''
mat
c;'ic
hop chal hoa
lan
lioim
C".S.
Tinh
chat cua Alit trong xi mang:
- Cho \i mang c(') cuo'ng do cao nhal sau 2
<
ngay
-
Ihoi
gian dong ket nhanh. dong ran
nhai
h (sau

, yC,S
nhirng chi
c6
da
ig (K\S
la
c6 tinh
chat kel
dinh.
dfi)
la dang
ngiroi
ta
lAt
mong muon co.
|iC,S
gia
b£Mi
Ion lai
a
t"
<
650"C.
\\C^S
kho
I6ng
hop
vi
khi lam lanh
i/CS

tuih
chat ho;i ly
ci
a C,S.
-
Vai
ly: nang cao ham luong pha long
liong
clinker hoc chal
la\
(K'.S.
ngan can
sir chnyfen ihanh
yC^S.
- Nhiel:
lam
lanh nhanh vu'o'l qua nhiel
do
hien doi
thu hinh \'i
khi
do
c;ic
cA'u
hue
tao thanh rieng re khong kip
li)[i
ho|^
lai thanh dnng dich
r;ui

.3 . Canxi
Alumina!
: chiem 5 - 15%
La dung dich
iTni
cua
C,A
(3C\i().
ALO,)
co
tan lAn
1 -
27rCaO
tuy theo
luong CaO.
C
\a che do lam lanh
clinkei
ma C; nxi Aluminat
c(i the
o dang
C^A,C\A,.
Trong clinker xi mang
chi'i yeii
la
C,A.
'•'
Tinh chal cua Canxi Aluminal:
- Lam cho xi mang
c(') cu'ong

khac nhau
phu thuoc vao phoi lieu va
di^u
kien nung
luyen
C^A.F;
C,AF;
C,F
()
day
chii yeii
la
dAF
.
1
inh chat cua
C,AF
:
- Lam cho xi mang
c6
cuo'ng do
thaj")
nhal
- Thoi gian dong ket cham
- Toa nhiel khi dong ran Ihap
nhAl
- Ben trong moi
Iruong
Sunfat ho'n C,A
I.

Ihuy linh nhieu hay
fl.
Neu
phix thiiy
linh nh
eii
thl khi xi mang dong ran
se toa nhict nhieu.
1.4.
Qua triiili liidrat
hoa cua \i
nian^
| 2 |
Khi hoa Iron xi
m;uig
\o'i
lurtVc.
sir khiiech
tan cu \ cac
h;it
kho;uig
xi mang co
kich
Ihiioc
nh(i \ao moi Iruong
uu'oc
\l\
phan
ihm
hidral hoa cua chiing

C,S
chna iham
LLKI
phan
I'rng.
vi the cac hat xi mang va eac
phirong ihap xii ly
b^
mat cua
mi
co
y
ngliTa
rAi \on doi \ri\ toe do qua
tilnh
hidral ho; .
1.4.
1.
Phi'ui irng
hidral hoa
ciia
khoang Alit:
Alit lac dung voi
niroc
ngay
a
Ihoi diem nhao Iron xi mang
\o\
niroc.
san

tn'ic
dang
ong, dang
lAm,
dang linh
the hinh
kim
vcVi
c; c
kich IhiKic
khac nhau.
sir
phAn bo khac nhau. Chinh nhu'ng hidrosilical
nav
lao nen cu'ong do d;i cho xi
mang.
1.4.2.
Ph;'ui
ung hidral hoa cha khoang Belit
Khoang nay co
16c
do
Ihuy
hoa chAm va tach ra
it
Ca(()H).
hon so \'(vi
C\S
Neu khi Ihi cong ly le N/X
IhAj-)

xi mang. No
quyc;'l diiih
den cuo'ng do
ciia
da xi mang, hon
nfra
lai
rAl it i
Ay ;inh
hirong
phu khong
c(')
loi.
8
Ban chn't kei dfnh
ciia
Canxi Silicat la do dac Ifnh
cAii line
mang tinh the cua
cac pha boat
tinh
hydrat,
tire
la
sir
co mat
ciia tac
khoi
In"
dien

the b(Vi ion
H*. () tiang
thai cAn bang cAu
Inic
cua
clinkci
(tu'o'c
sAp
xe|i
lai. cac linh Ihe dang soi, dang
onz
diroc hinh
thanh tao ncn
linh
ket dfnh dong ran
ciia
xi mAng, cac ion
Ca'
hi dAy ra lao nen
Ca(()H),.
1.
4 .3.
ilii'ui ling
hydrat hoa
ciia
khoang tricanxi aluminal
Kho.'ing C,A la pha
hoal
dong
iihAi.

,0
Irong dung dich bao hoa
Ca(OH)^
ngay
tir dAii
ellringit se tach ra va dong
lai
tren
be mAl
3CaO.ALO,
lam chAm
sir thiiy
hoa cua khoang nay va keo
dai
thoi
uiaii
ninh ket cua xi
m;uiii.
1.4.4.
Phan ling
h\tlial
hoa cua
kho;ing tetiacanxi
fcroaluminat.
Khoang
na\
thnc
hien
|)han ung hydrat boa chAn hon.
loc

|->h;1n
cua xi
mami.
con h\dro Aluminal sc
l;i
dung voi
Ihach
cao
nhir (V
tien.
1.
5. Cac he so
co
ban
ciia
clinker xi
niiing pooclang
| 9 |
I
.
5
.1.
He
so
bao hoa voi LSF :
00
.CaO
LSF
=
2.x

9
LSF va SM lang se lam cho luong voi tu
do
lani'
len. LSF co anh
hu'ong
den kha nang nung
ciia
clinkei.
'VII
1.
S
. 2.
Modun
Silic SM:
SN
Thuoim
la
1.7
-
2.6'/r
SiO,
.
I0(
Al/),
+
Fe,0,
=
1.7
—

hinh
thanh lop cola Irong
16.
1.
5.
3
. Mo dun nhom AM :
AI.O,.
100
AM =
=
1,5
— 2,9
%
Fe.O,
riurong
la 1,5
-
1,9%
AM l(Vn
c<) nghia
la
C^A
ld"n,
xi mAng co xu
hircvi
g dong ran nhanh, AM nho
luc la C,AF
UVn
xi mAng dong ran cham \'a

Ket
chUa
Dal set
May can
Phu gia
May dap
Xisat
Kho dong nhat
sd
1^6
Ket
chCra
Kel chua
Kel
chCra
•
•
•
•
Dinh
iL/dng
1
Dinh
iL/dng
Dinh
li/Ong
Dinh
li/dng
Than
Nghien.

p
May dong bao
'^
r
Xual xi
m^ng
bao
Huih
1.
So'
do cong nghe san xuA't xi mang.
1.
7
. Nghien
xi
mans
pooclang
Thirong ngirai
ta nghien clinker
vai
cac loai phu
da
i^liu:
1.7.1.
Thach cao
Trong san xuat xi mang
viee dira
them thach cao vao thanh phAn xi mAng la
bAt
biioc.

15%
de ci'ii
thien
tinh
chAt xi mAng va tAng luong xi
mang.
Muc
dich
cua
cpia liuih
nghien la dal
diroc
\i nAng
c('>
do min
ticii chiiiin
3200 blaine hoac lot
cjua
sang 4900
16 \'a lianh
cac bien doi hoa hoc lam
gi.'im
chat hrong xi mang, giam toi da
tieii
hao
n'uig
luong nghien (trong c;ic
nha may xi mAng nang lirang
tieii Ihu
cho cac qua

kJKKing
280 ) - 3200 cm 7g hoAc lot
cpia
sang loai 4900
16.
Nhu"
vay clinker duoc nghicn
tiVi
luc luong con lai
lien
sang la khoang
10 ^
15%.
Neu xi mAng
diio'c
nghien min
cpia
cung
khouL'
tot
\'l
\i mAng se bi co nhieu va ton nang
\\\'<
ng nghien. cu'ong
di)
cua \i
mAng tang khong ty le voi do
mm.
13
b.

thang)
thucmg
tieu ton nang luong
nghidn
lan va
khi nghi6n min hay gap phai
vAn
de bam
dinli,
von
k6't
kho cua cac
locii
xi
mang
tr6n b6
mat
vAt
nghidn,
can tro qua
trinh
nghien
.Nen
cac nha may
lorn khong diing may
nghidn
ho ma
ding
may
nghi6n

khoi may nghien duoc tach ra, phan ly, hat
thi)
tro lai may
nghidn
ti6'p.V6i
cong nghe hien dai nguoi ta ket hop may nghien bi va may dap
so bo
nhAm
mue
dich
giam tieu ton nang
luong
nghicn.
May
nghidn
bi
thuong
duoc ehia
thanli
cac ngan rieng voi ty le, loai bi
dirge tinli
toan
cho phu
hgp v6i
tung ngan.
d ) Cac chat trg
nghidn
: La chat dua vao lam tang kha nang
nghi6n
bAng

20%. Tuy
hiei
qua kinh te ma nguoi ta su
dung chat trg nghien nhu the nao. Cac chat
tig
nghien thuong dung trong
nghien xi mang la Amin
acetat,
ethylenglyeol,
Hea2,
DDA-7.
14
1.8. Cac
tinh
chat
ca \y
hoa cua da xi mang va cac
yen
to
anh huiVng t('yi
no
1.
X
. 1.
Do
min :
Nhu tren da noi do min the hien
miTc
do nho c
la

1.
X . 2. Ty le
niioc/
xi mAng (N/X)
Ty le N/X la lugng
luioc
tieu
chiiAin
nhal dinh cAn
Ihiet
cho mot lugng xi
mang dcm dung de
c()
du do
deo
cAn cho Ihi co
ig,
tir
do nguoi la
tlm
duoc
ty le nirdc/ xi mang toi
Ihieii
thuong la
tir
25
^
3(
'/<•
theo trong hrong xi mang

ii'a
t;io
thanh Iheo thoi gian sc mAl ('An
tinh
deo sau do \\o ncn
ciVng
ran \a
co
the chiu
lire
dirge.
Ngirdi
ta
|4iAi hiet
hai loai thoi gian ninh
kcl :
\5
- Thai gian
bAI dfiu
ninh kel : la thoi gian
tir
khi bAt
dfiii
Iron
nude
cho
den
khi vua mat
tinh
deo.

lAl.
Theo TCVN cung
nhir
tieu
chiiAn
the gidi
'hi
thoi gian ninh kcl cua \i
mang duoc xac dinh
lir
ho deo tieu chuAn
banu
dung
cii
vica voi kim
c(')
duo'ng
kfnh
Imin.
Thni
gian bAt dAn ninh ket la khoang thoi gian
In"
khi bal
(lAu
nhao Iron xi mAng vdi nirdc
d^n
khi kim
vi^a
cAm
sAii

chiu
lion
cua 3 mAu
vfra
xi mang
hinh
dAm cd
kk
h
thirdc
la 4 x 4 x
16cm
chc
tao
trrh6n
hop 1 xi mAng : 3 cat va hrgng
nude ti-Hi chiiAn
(xac dinh bAng ban
tian)
diiong
he 2X ngay trong dieu kicn lieu
chi
An mot ngay trong khu6n
o
ngoai kh6ng
khi
Am va 27 ngay sau ngAm trong
uidc
d nhiet do phong. Tinh
tiung

16
hang nam va
vum
gap 2 - 3 lan
ctrang
do 28 ngay cua no va lang
ihco quy
lual
logaril.
Cirrmg
do cua da xi mang va loc do
ciing rSn ciia
no phu
Ihuoc
vao ihanh
phan khoang
clinker,
vao do min cua xi mang, do am.
nhiel
do moi Iruong va
Iht^i
gian bao quan cua xi mang.
Toe
do phal
Irien eu5ng
do cua cac khoang
li'ong
xi mang ral
kliac
nhau

tang
cudng dp
cua cac khoang xi mang
1 -
C,S
; 2 -
CyiF
;
S-C^S
; 4-
C,A
Jvi
day la
ihay
C^S
co do lang cuong do nhanh nhal , sau 7 ngay no dal den
70%^
cudng do,
28
ngay sau do
ihl
cham lai. Con doi vdi
C^S
chi Irong
ihdi
ky dau (khi dal den
28
ngay
ludi) ihl C2S
co loc do phal Iricn cUOng do lai ral

do cua no cung tang do \6n
tmiig
blnh cua
hcit
xi mang la
40)im,
sau 6 - 12 thang
rdn
chdc,
chieu day thuy hoa
kliong
vugt qua 10 —
15).im
. Nhu vay se co khoang 30 - 40% clinker khong tham gia vao qua trinh
ran chac va
hinh
thanh
ca'u
tnic cua da. Tang do min
ciia
xi mang cd nghTa la
tang muc do thuy hoa xi mang va nang cao
cUong
do cua no. Theo ket qua
thu dugc thl
cir
tang do min cua xi mang len lOOOcmVg thl cuong do cua no
tang
len
20-25%.

chuiig
hoi (80 -
90"C),
gia cong oetola
(170 - 200''C)
va tham
chi
ca
6 nhiiet
do am. Trong octola chi
sau 4-6 gid la be tong cd the dat dirge cuong do mac ,c6n khi chung hoi thl
cham hon den 2 lan.
De
be tong xi mang cd
the ran
chac d nhiet do Am.
thirdng
phai
sir
dung cac chat dien ly nhu
CaCl2 , NaCI
.
KJii
do
ndng
do cac
chat tan trong nude tang len va
nliiel
do dong bang cua
mx6c

().()8mm%
- Tong dien
li'ch ht
mal
ciii7g
Thoi gian ninh ket
- Rat
driu
khong
so'm
hon
(phut)
- Ket thuc khong
cliani
hon (gio)
Do
on dinh
Ihe
Ifch (Iheo
phuong phap
salahe) mm
Luo'ng mat khi
nung( %)
Quy dinh
PC - 30
16
30
L5
2.500
45

i;in
:
Luong
nhiCM
loa
in
khi
d(Mig lAn
phu thuoc vao Ihanh
phfin
khoang vat. do
nun cua \i mang va ham
Uioiig
thach cao. Luong nhiet phat
la c(')
loi cho
viee
llu
cong be long vao mua lanh hoac
mudn
ch( he long
ifm
nhanh. nhung
khong
CO
loi khi thi cong vao mua nong. Dac
bi t
doi vai cong
tnnli
co

Bang 2 :
Lifong
nhiet tod ra theo ngay tuoi cua cac khoang xi
mang
Khoang
vm
CaOSiO,
2Ca()SiO,
3Ca()Al,0,
4CaOAl/),Fe,(),
Lugng
3 ngay
97
13
141
42
nhiet phat
7 ngay
110
25
158
60
ra
(cai
/
2^
ngay
1 16
'40
209

rAn chAc trong
khons;
khi thl xi mAng bi co. con
Irong moi trudng nude thl khong bi co hoAc nd n
61 chiit
. Su' thay doi the tich
Ihudng gay ra nhung hien
tuong
cd hai
nhu"
sinli
ra ung
siiAl
gAy mil ne
kei
cAu. Nguyen nhAn chinh gAy ra hien tuong nay
la
xi mang
chiia
nhung tap
chAI CO
hai gAy ra
sir
thay d6i the tich
Idn nhir
CaO; MgO.
I - S
.7. \)o giam mac luc
lirii
kho bao quan

linh ciia
xi
m;ing
bi
giam di kha nhanh.
Sir
giam boat tinh cua xi mang dAn \o\
Ihoi
gian dong kcl
20
ch;)m,
cuong do cua xi mang vl the cung giam
nl
i6u
toi
30'/r
neu de lan 3 - 6
Ihring.
Hoat tfnh cua xi mang giam la do thanh phAn khoang C,A \a C,AF nhieu. do
min cua xi mang cang
Ic'rn
thl
sir
hut Am cang nh; nh dAn
uVi
hoat tfnh gi;im.
Do giam hoat tfnh cua xi mang
hie
luu kho hao quan thuong
xa\

C,A
+
CaS(),.2H,0
+16H,0
^
C,A.3CaS(),.32M,()
2C,S
+
6H,()
->
C,S,H,
+
Ca(()H),,
DAy la cac phan i'rng khong mong muon
:;ay
ra
truoc
khi
hAt
dAu qua
tiinh
hydrat ho;i
ihuc
su
ciia
he long.
I. y .
CJIC
loiii phu gia tr(> nghien xi mm g
f

dinh
lien
he mat \At
nghi6n
hoac lam phAn tan \ at
nghicn,
hoAc cai lien
liiili
tlral
cua
\i
mang
21
Lirong chAI tro
nghidn
de'
dat hieu qua tot khi
dira
vao nghien
vc'ii clinkei
thirang a
khoang
0,1
-
0,5%
lugng
xi mang da c6 the tang nAng suAt nghien
lir
l()-20'/r.
Cac loai phu gia thuong

thf-h (V
dAy la
Ca(()H)^,
sunfat.
si1a
voi khi ket hgp
v6i nirdfc
thl se tao ra
lofp
m
ing tren
he mAl xi. chAI kfch
Ihich
se
|)ha
vo
l(y|i
mang lam cho
xi
hoc 16
ho.it
tfnh
nhu'
kho;ing
clinkci
Ngufri
la dua xi vao nguyen lieu hoac lam p
iii
gia dua \ao khi nghicn
clinker.

Irong
luong rieng, do co ngdt. do
'oa
nhiet, do
hcu
lanh va
gi;l
Ihanh nho hon so
\'di
xi mAng thirdng nhung luong
IUKVC
lieu
chiiAn
va su
chui
nhiet cao hon \i mAng Ihudng.
1.
*).
2. Phu gia
Pu/olan:
I'll/Allan
khong cd kha nAng ddng rAn nhung la
e
hat kfch
ihich d()ng
ran giai
doan 2 va duoc danh gia bAng do hut
\'6i
:
can;: