1

BÀI MỞ ĐẦU
BÀI MỞ ĐẦUBÀI MỞ ĐẦU
BÀI MỞ ĐẦU
ĐỘNG TỪ
VERB
VERBVERB
VERB
Động từ được dùng để làm hành động cho chủ từ. Để phân biệt các loại động
loại động loại động
loại động
tư
tưtư
từ (kinds of verbs), chúng ta hãy quan sát sơ đồ dưới đây:

Auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb
Auxiliary verb : (do, have, be) Special verb
Special verb Special verb
Special verb :
Modal verb
Modal verbModal verb
Modal verb : (must, can, may, might, could, should …)

bebe
be (dùng để chia các thì tiếp diễn, thể thụ động),
have
have have
have (dùng để chia các thì hoàn thành), do
dodo
do (dùng để chia các thể phủ đònh và nghi
vấn).
- He is working hard this month. (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
- The house was built five years ago. (thể thụ động)
- He has learned English for two years. (thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
- Do you like tea ? (thể nghi vấn)
- She does not like coffee. (thể phủ đònh)
* Động từ khiếm khuyết
* Động từ khiếm khuyết* Động từ khiếm khuyết
* Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb) : cần phải có động theo sau.
- We must study hard.
- He can play the piano.
Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt
Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệtĐặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt
Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt là khi đổi sang thể phủ đònh ta chỉ cần
thêm NOT
NOTNOT
NOT vào sau các động từ đó và khi đổi sang thể nghi vấn ta đưa các động từ đó
ra đầu câu.
- He is not working hard this month.
- Is he working hard this month ?

* Động từ bất qui tắc* Động từ bất qui tắc
* Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (xem cột
2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng.
to go went gone
to write wrote written
to run ran run
to hit hit hit

- He went
wentwent
went to the cinema last night. (simple past )
- He has gone
gone gone
gone out. (past participle)

Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm
Động từ thường có chung đặc điểmĐộng từ thường có chung đặc điểm
Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm là khi đổi sang thể phủ đònh và nghi vấn ta phải
dùng động từ trợ “to do”. Ta thêm NOT
NOTNOT
NOT vào sau các động từ trợ ở thể phủ đònh và đưa
động từ trợ ra đầu câu nếu ở thể nghi vấn.
- He did not go to the pub last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night ?
- I do not like tea.
- Do you enjoy classical music ?
- She does not know the answer.
- Does he understand the lesson ?

* Động từ “to do” vừa là động từ thường vừa là động từ trợ.
Bài 1
Bài 1Bài 1
Bài 1:
::
:

CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ
CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌCÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ
CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ (THE USE OF TENSES)
(THE USE OF TENSES)(THE USE OF TENSES)
(THE USE OF TENSES)

Thì biểu thò thời gian và trạng thái của hành động được diễn đạt bằng động từ.
Có 12 thì ở dạng chủ động của động từ tiếng Anh. Để hiểu được hình thái của các thì,
ta có thể nghiên cứu cách chia động từ TO WORK trong bảng dưới đây :

Simple
SimpleSimple
Simple

He (He (
He (She / It)
works
worksworks
works
- I am working
I am workingI am working
I am working
- He
He He
He (She / It) is
isis
is
working
workingworking
working
-

- You (
You ( You (
You (We / They)
are workin
are workinare workin
are working
gg
g
- I
II
I (You / We /
They) have worked

PastPast
Past

-

- I
I I
I (You / He /
She / It / We /
They) worked
workedworked
worked
- I
II
I (He / She / It)
was working
was workingwas working
was working
- You
You You
You (We / They)
were working
were workingwere working
were working
- I
II
I (You / He / She /
It / We / They) had
hadhad
had

You (He /
She / it / They)
will work
will workwill work
will work
- I
II
I (We) shall be
shall beshall be
shall be
working
workingworking
working
- You
YouYou
You (He / She / It
/ They) will be
will bewill be
will be
working
workingworking
working
- I
I I
I (We) s
ss
shall have
hall havehall have
hall have
worked
* 1
* 1* 1
* 1. SO SÁNH
SO SÁNHSO SÁNH
SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT
THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT
THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT VÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌ VÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌ PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Tiếng Anh có hai thì hiện tại mà đa số các em học sinh hay lẫn lộn cách sử dụng.
Đó là thì hiện tại đơn (Simple Present
Simple PresentSimple Present
Simple Present) và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present
PresentPresent
Present Continuous
ContinuousContinuous
Continuous).

* Thì Simple Present
Simple PresentSimple Present
Simple Present được dùng để chỉ một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian nói
chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian


* Thì Present Continuous
Present ContinuousPresent Continuous
Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (a
aa
a current
current current
current
activity
activityactivity
activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this
now/ at present/ at thisnow/ at present/ at this
now/ at present/ at this mom
mommom
moment
entent
ent),
hôm nay (today
todaytoday
today), tuần này (this week
this weekthis week
this week), năm nay (this year
this yearthis year
this year)… - We are learning
are learningare learning
are learning English now.
- Mary is playing

know, understand,
understand, understand,
understand,
mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…
mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…
mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe…
+ Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present
Simple PresentSimple Present
Simple Present với động từ : be,
: be,: be,
: be, appear,
appear, appear,
appear,
belong, have to…
belong, have to…belong, have to…
belong, have to…
+ Thì Simple Present
Simple PresentSimple Present
Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập
trạng từ chỉ tần suất lậptrạng từ chỉ tần suất lập
trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lập lại
đi lập lạiđi lập lại
đi lập lại
(adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, g
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, galways, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, g
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally,
enerally, enerally,
enerally,
rarely, never…
rarely, never…rarely, never…

is more precious than independence and freedom.

(2) Thì Present Continuous
Present ContinuousPresent Continuous
Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một
hành động ở mộthành động ở một
hành động ở một tương lai gần
tương lai gầntương lai gần
tương lai gần (a
near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, next
tomorrow, next tomorrow, next
tomorrow, next
week, next month, next
week, next month, next week, next month, next
week, next month, next year, next summer…
year, next summer…year, next summer…
year, next summer… Exercise I :
Exercise I :Exercise I :
Exercise I :
Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous
Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous
Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous
tense.
tense.tense.

12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________.

13/ We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.

14/ Look. A man (run) ___________ after the train. He (want) ___________ to
catch it.

15/ It (be) __________ very cold now.
16/ John (travel) __________ to England tomorrow.

17/ I (need) ____________ some money for my textbooks.

18/ Tom (like) __________ to go to the museums.

19/ Mary (love) __________ ice-cream.

20/ My mother (cook) ___________ some food in the kitchen at present. She
always (cook) __________ in the mornings.

21/ I often (leave) __________ the city at weekends.

22/ The guests (watch) __________ the TV programmes now.

23/ I (see) ___________ you (wear) ___________ your best clothes.

24/ The sun (set)___________ in the west.

25/ My friend (study) __________ English for an hour every night.

26/ Listen. I (hear)___________ someone knocking at the front door.

6

* Thì Present
PresentPresent
Present perfect
perfect perfect
perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ không
rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại.
* Thì Simple Past
Simple PastSimple Past
Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt
cắt đứt với hiện tại.

+ CHÚ
+ CHÚ + CHÚ
+ CHÚ Ý :
Ý :Ý :
Ý : (1) Thì Present Perfect
Present PerfectPresent Perfect
Present Perfect thường đi với những từ như : up to now
: up to now: up to now
: up to now, up to
up toup to
up to the present
the presentthe present
the present,
so far

has just rung.has just rung.
has just rung.

(2) * Thì Simple Past
Simple PastSimple Past
Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác đònh
như : yesterday
yesterdayyesterday
yesterday, the day before yest
the day before yestthe day before yest
the day before yesterday
erdayerday
erday, last week
last weeklast week
last week, last month,
last month,last month,
last month, last year
last yearlast year
last year, last
last last
last
summer
summersummer
summer, ago
agoago
ago.

- We came
camecame
came here a month ago.


5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.

6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.

7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3
weeks ago.

8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.

9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big
girl.

10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.

11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.

12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now. 7

13/ They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.

14/ Since when (you know) ___________ her ?

15/ How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ?

16/ She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.



+ Thì Present perfect
Present perfectPresent perfect
Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một
tình trạng ở hiện tại (the result of the present state), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ
không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại.
+ Thì Present
PresentPresent
Present Perfect Continuous
Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để
chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động (the continuity of an action) cho tới hiện tại.

- I have been waiting for
forfor
for two hours, but she has not come yet.
- He has been living here since
sincesince
since
1975.
- We have been working in the garden all
allall
all
morning.

+ Thì Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect ContinuousPresent Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie,
lie,lie,
lie, wait, sit,

3/ I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think
she (forget) __________ to come ?

4/ Mary (rest) __________ in the garden all day because she (be) __________
ill. 8

5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get)
__________ his degree yet.

6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be)
__________ there.

7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide)
__________ to move.

8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read)
_________ it yet ?

9/ He (not be) ___________ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live)
__________ since then.

10/ He (lose) ___________ his books. He (look) ____________ for them all
afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___________ yet.

11/ She (work) ___________ so hard this week that she (not have)
___________ time to go to the cinema.


8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .

9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.

10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front
door.

11/ How long (you learn) __________ English?

12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.

13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary. 9

14/ Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.

15/ The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.

16/ That grandfather clock (stand) __________ there for as long as I can
remember.

17/ That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr.Rice.

18/ Jim (work) __________ on his report this year.

19/ Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.

20/ That museum (stand) ___________ here for ceturies.


+ Thì Simple Past
Simple PastSimple Past
Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình
lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ.
- I met
metmet
met him in the street yesterday.
+ Thì Past Continuous
Past ContinuousPast Continuous
Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo
dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ.
- I met him while he was crossing
was crossingwas crossing
was crossing the street.
- She was going
was goingwas going
was going home when she saw an accident.
+ Thì Past Continuous
Past ContinuousPast Continuous
Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác
đònh ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau.
- My father was watching
was watchingwas watching
was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
- I was doing
was doingwas doing
was doing my homework while my father was watching
was watchingwas watching
was watching TV.

last night; neither of them (break) __________.

10/ While I (write) __________ a letter, the telephone (ring) __________; as
he (go) __________ to answer it, he (hear) __________ a knock on the door; the
telephone (still, ring) __________ while he (walk) __________ to the door, but just as
he (open) __________ it, it (stop) __________. * 5.
* 5.* 5.
* 5.

SO SÁNH THÌ
SO SÁNH THÌSO SÁNH THÌ
SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST
SIMPLE PASTSIMPLE PAST
SIMPLE PAST
VÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌVÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌ P
PP
PAST PERFECT
AST PERFECTAST PERFECT
AST PERFECT

+ Thì Past Perfect (
Past Perfect (Past Perfect (


3/ He (thank) __________ me for what I (do) __________ for him.

4/ I (be) __________ sorry that I (hurt) __________ him.

5/ After they (go) __________ , I (sit) __________ down and (rest)
__________.

6/ When I (arrive), the dinner (already, begin) ______________.

7/ My friend (not see) __________ me for many years when I (meet)
__________ last week.

8/ He (learn) __________ English before he (leave) __________ for England.

9/ In England, he soon (remember) __________ all he (learn) __________.

10/ They (tell) __________ him they (not meet) __________ him before. 11

11/ He (ask) __________ why we (come) __________ so early.

12/ She (say) __________ that she (already, see) ___________ Dr. Rice.

13/ By the time Bill (get) __________ there, the meeting (start) __________.

14/ When we (arrive) __________ at our place, we (find) __________ that a
burglar (break) ____________ in.

had been studying English before she came here for classes.
(Hành động had been studying xảy ra liên tục cho tới khi hành động came for
classes xảy ra).
- She had studied
had studiedhad studied
had studied English before she came for classes.
(Hành động had studied chấm dứt trước hành động came for classes)
Và hãy so sánh :
- It had been raining
had been raininghad been raining
had been raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa đã dứt khi tôi thức
dậy.)
- It was raining
was rainingwas raining
was raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa vẫn còn khi tôi thức dậy.)

Exercise VII
Exercise VIIExercise VII
Exercise VII
: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect
continuous tense.
continuous tense.continuous tense.
continuous tense.
1/ I (ask) _________ him what he (do) __________.


SO SÁNH THÌ
SO SÁNH THÌSO SÁNH THÌ
SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE
SIMPLE FUTURESIMPLE FUTURE
SIMPLE FUTURE
VÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌVÀ THÌ
VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS
FUTURE CONTINUOUSFUTURE CONTINUOUS
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
+ Thì Simple Future
Simple FutureSimple Future
Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc
không có thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous
Future ContinuousFuture Continuous
Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp
Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác đònh ở tương lai.
- He will go
will gowill go
will go to the stadium next Sunday.
- We will / shall have
will / shall havewill / shall have
will / shall have the final test.
Hãy so sánh :
- I will eat
will eatwill eat
will eat breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ

tense.
1/ We (go) __________ out when the rain (stop) __________.

2/ I (stay) _________ here until he (answer) __________ me.

3/ Wait until I (catch) __________ you.

4/ I (be) _________ ready before you (count) _________ ten.

5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) __________ out.

6/ Miss Helen (help) ___________ you as soon as she (finish) _________ that
letter.

7/ He (tell) _________ you when you (get) __________ there.

8/ She (not come) __________ until you (be) _________ ready.

9/ He (tell) __________ you when you (ask) __________ him.

13 10/ I (come) ________ and (see) _________ you before I (leave) ________ for
England.
ved by the time you finish dressing.
- By next Christmas, he will have lived
will have livedwill have lived
will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.
+ Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect
Future PerfectFuture Perfect
Future Perfect
Continuous
Continuous Continuous
Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn).
- By the time you receive this letter, we shall
shallshall
shall have been travelling
have been travellinghave been travelling
have been travelling through
Russia.
- By next June, they will have been working
will have been workingwill have been working
will have been working in this factory for 12 years.

Exercise IX :
Exercise IX :Exercise IX :
Exercise IX :

Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present
Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present
Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present
perfect or future perfect tense
perfect or future perfect tenseperfect or future perfect tense
perfect or future perfect tense.


Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future
Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future
Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future
c
cc
continuous or future perfect tense.
ontinuous or future perfect tense.ontinuous or future perfect tense.
ontinuous or future perfect tense.
1/ We (send) __________ you a telegram as soon as we (arrive) _________ in
London.

2/ When George (come) __________ this afternoon, he (bring) __________ his
friends. 14

3/ I (speak) _________ to you about that matter after the meeting tonight.

4/ By the time you (receive) __________ this letter, we (cross) __________ the
Atlantic Ocean.

5/ By this time next week, you (meet) __________ my boyfriend, Ali.

6/ I (wait) __________ for you right here when you (come) __________ out of
the building.

5/ We (do) __________ an English exercise at the moment.

6/ She (just come) __________ in and (see) __________ you in 5 minutes.

7/ I (come) __________ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) __________
ready ?

8/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ?

9/ I (not leave) _________ Paris since we (go) _________ to Dieppe three
years ago.

10/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend.

11/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) __________
to get married.

12/ I (never see) __________ snow.

13/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.

14/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.

15/ I (lose) _________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see)
_________ them.

16/ He (not arrive) __________ when I (write) __________ my last letter to
you.
: Supply the correct tense.
Supply the correct tense.Supply the correct tense.
Supply the correct tense.
1/ He said he (be) __________ sorry he (give) __________ me so much
trouble.

2/ I am sorry that I (not know) _________ you (leave) __________ your pipe
when you (come) __________ to see me last Thursday.

3/ He (be) __________ so good to me when I was a boy that to this day I (not
forget) __________ his kindness, and I hope that I (never forget) __________.

4/ He (sleep) __________ and (not understand) ___________ what you (say)
__________ to him. He (wake) __________ if you (speak) __________ louder.
5/ Some animals (not eat) ___________ during the winter and only (come)
__________ out in spring.

6/ After leaving school he (study) __________ French in Paris for two years
and then (move) __________ to America, where he now (live) _________. He (visit)
__________ England once or twice and (know) __________ English well; but (not
have) __________ yet the opportunity of visiting European countries.

7/ I (know) __________ him for a very long time.

8/ When my friend Tom grows a beard, even his closest friends (not recognize)
__________ him.


married to her.

19/ I hope it (not rain) __________ when the bride (leave) __________ the
church.

20/ I (tell) a lie if I said that I (like) __________ you.

21/ They (intend) __________ to go there next week; but now they (find)
__________ they (not have) __________ enough money.

22/ When he grew old he often (think) __________ of all the things he (do)
___________ when he (be) __________ young.

23/ When we (go) __________ to see them last night, they (play) __________
cards; they (say) __________ they (play) __________ since six o’clock.

24/ This is the second time you (break) __________ a cup; you (break)
__________ one yesterday. My last servant (never break)____________ anything,
and you (break) ___________ nearly half the things in the house.

25/ I always (tell) ___________ you to comb your hair, but you never (do)
___________ what I (say) ___________ . EXERCISE XIII :
EXERCISE XIII :EXERCISE XIII :
EXERCISE XIII :

_________ breakfast when he (leave) ____________ for class at 8:45. He (always,
eat) _________ breakfast before he (go) _____________ to class. I (usually, not eat)
_________ breakfast before I (go) _________ to class. But I (usually, get) _________
hungry about midmorning. Tomorrow before I (go) _____________ to class, I (eat)
_________ breakfast.

5/ Last year, I (go) __________ mountain climbing for the first time. It was exciting
and terrifying at the same time. We (move) ___________slowly and carefully, and it
(take) ___________ three days to get to the top. When we climbed onto the summit,
we (find) ___________ another group of climbers. They (arrive) ___________ several
hours ahead of us. They (have) ___________ dinner and listening to Beethoven. We
(laugh) __________ and they (invite) ___________ us to join them. The climb (be)
___________, to say the least, an unforgettable experience.

6/ The weather (be) ___________ terrible lately. It (rain) ___________ off and on
for two days, and the temperature (drop) ___________ at least twenty degrees. It (be)
___________ in the low 40s right now. Just three days ago, the sun (shine)
___________ and the weather was pleasant. The weather certainly (change)
___________ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows ? When I (wake)
___________ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow) ___________.

7/ A taxi driver (drive) ____________ along a street when he suddenly (black out)
___________ and lost control of his vehicle. The taxi (plunge) _________ into a
nearby river. A hawker, who (see) ______________ the accident, rushed from his
coffee stall and (dive) ___________ into the water. He (have) ___________ to swim
twenty five metres before he could get to the taxi. The taxi driver (try)
______________ to wind down the window. The hawker reached into the taxi for the
safety-belt. After he (release) __________ the safety-belt, he pulled the driver out
through the partially open window. At the hospital, the driver (say) ____________
that the black out might (cause) ______________ by his high blood pressure condition.


19 Bài 2 :
Bài 2 :Bài 2 :
Bài 2 : CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆNCÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (Conditional Sentenc

ĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯCĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯC
ĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯC (probable condition
probable conditionprobable condition
probable condition)

1/ Ý nghóa :
1/ Ý nghóa :1/ Ý nghóa :
1/ Ý nghóa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra hoặc
không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai; nhưng chúng ta có nhiều hy vọng nó xảy ra.

2/ Thì của động từ :
2/ Thì của động từ :2/ Thì của động từ :
2/ Thì của động từ :
If- clause Main clause
Main clauseMain clause
Main clause
Simple present
Simple future
(shall / will + verb)

- If the rain stops, we shall go for a walk.
- He will come if you call him.
* Ngoài ra chúng ta còn có thể dùng các khiếm khuyết động từ như : CAN,
CAN,CAN,

unreal Con)

1/ Ý nghóa :
1/ Ý nghóa :1/ Ý nghóa :
1/ Ý nghóa : Loại điều kiện này diễn tả một điều kiện khó có thể xảy ra hay
một sự việc không thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

2/ Thì của động từ :
2/ Thì của động từ :2/ Thì của động từ :
2/ Thì của động từ :
If-clause Main clause
Main clauseMain clause
Main clause Past Subjunctive Present Conditional

20

(Quá khứ giả đònh) ( Should / would + verb)

- If I had a lot of free time, I would go swimming.
(= I haven’t got free time, so I won’t go swimming)
- If Tom were here, he would know the answer.
(= Tom isn’t here, so he doesn’t know the answer.)
- I would call him if I knew his number.
(= I don’t know his number, so I won’t call him)

2/ Thì của động từ :2/ Thì của động từ :
2/ Thì của động từ :
If-clause Main clause
Main clauseMain clause
Main clause
Past perfect
Perfect Conditional
(Should/ would have + past participle)

- If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought a bigger house.
- I would have taken you to the movie if you had come to see me yesterday.

* “If
IfIf
If” có thể được lược bỏ đi nếu có sự đảo ngữ (thường được dùng trong hình thức
nhấn mạnh).

- Were I rich, I would help you.
(= If I were rich, I would help you.)
- Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry.
(= If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry)

* Ngoài liên từ “if” ra, câu điều kiện còn được bắt đầu bằng các liên từ khác như :
suppose


- He won’t come unless you call him.
(= He won’t come if you don’t call him.)

21

- But for the storm, he would have arrived much earlier.

EXERCISE I :
EXERCISE I :EXERCISE I :
EXERCISE I : Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.
Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.
Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.
1/ I (do) if I (have) time.
-

- I will do it if I have time
I will do it if I have time I will do it if I have time
I will do it if I have time. (type 1)
. (type 1). (type 1)
. (type 1) -


- ____________________________________________________

4/ (You do) it if I (ask) you ?

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

5/ If I (be) ill, I (stay) at home.

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

6/ What (you do) if the bus (not come).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

7/ I (be) sorry if she (leave).

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

11/ We (go) out unless it (stop) snowing.

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

- ____________________________________________________

EXERCISE II:
EXERCISE II:EXERCISE II:
EXERCISE II: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.
Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.
Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.
1/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.

2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) ________ you.

3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly.

4/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.

5/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.

5/ If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow.

6/ If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.

7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.

23 8/ We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______.

9/ So long as you return the book by Saturday, I (lend) _______ it to you with
pleasure.

10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.

11/ Provided he (not, be) _______ interrupted, he can finish the work on time.

12/ If it (be) _______ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock.

13/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _______ a hospital for the poor.

14/ If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well
again.

15/ He (not, have) _______ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.

16/ If she (write) _______ more carefully, she might not have made too many
mistakes.



7/ You won’t pass your driving test ________ you drive more carefully.

8/ He’ll be ill ________ he doesn’t stop worrying so much.

9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow ________ it’s raining.

10/ We’ll never get there on time ________ the train leaves soon.

EXERCISE V
EXERCISE VEXERCISE V
EXERCISE V
:
: :
: Use “if” in place of “unless”
Use “if” in place of “unless”Use “if” in place of “unless”
Use “if” in place of “unless”
1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining.

-____________________________________________________________
2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle.

-____________________________________________________________

24

3/ You wouldn’t be able to do this exercise unless your English were good.
The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put the
The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put the The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put the
The following sentences are first, second or third conditional. Put the
verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
verbs in brackets into the appropriate form. 1/ We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it (be) … had
hadhad
had
been
beenbeen
been … a nice day, we (go) … would have gone
would have gonewould have gone
would have gone … for a picnic.
2/ Why don’t you explain everything to him ? If you (not tell) _______ him the
truth, I’m sure you (regret) _______ it one day.

3/ Mary was here not long ago. If you (come round) _______ earlier, you (see)
______ her.

4/ Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town. If
that (happen) _______, the town (lose) _______ a great deal of money.

5/ I (help) _______ you with it if I (have) _______ more time but I’m afraid I
haven’t got any spare time at all at the moment.


outside.

15/ James has everything he wants but he’s always moaning. I’m sure that if I
(have) _______ so much money, I (not moan) _______ all the time.

EXERCISE VII :
EXERCISE VII :EXERCISE VII :
EXERCISE VII : Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses. Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
Model :
a/ My brother will have enough money. He will buy a bicycle.
→
→→
→ If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle.
If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle. If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle.
If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle. b/ She can’t speak English. She won’t apply for the job.
→
→→
→ If she could speak English she would apply for the job.
If she could speak English she would apply for the job. If she could speak English she would apply for the job.