UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Defining and defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và khơng xác định ):
a . Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) :
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , ta khơng bỏ được và khơng có dấu phẩy
Ex: I saw the girl . She helped us last week .
I saw the girl who / that helped us last week
b . Non- Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định ):
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , là phần giải thích thêm , ta có thể bỏ được và có
dấu phẩy “ ,” .
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan khơng xác định khi :
+ Trước danh từ quan hệ có : this / that / these / those / my / her / his / ……
+ Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng .
Ex1: My father is a doctor . He is fifty years old .
My father , who is fifty years old , is a doctor .
Ex2: New York Harbour , which is ice-free in all season , is one of the largest and finest
harbours in the world .
- who : chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ N
người
+ who + V + O
- whom : chỉ người, làm tân ngữ N
người
+ whom + S + V
V + O
- which : chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ N
vật
+ which +
S + V
- whose : đứng sau danh từ và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ
( N2 của N1 , whose thay thế tính từ sở hữu : his,her, my,
your )

Ex : He met his old friends. He felt very happy.
Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy.
1. Từ chỉ thời gian : While / when / after / before …
Ex : When I met him, I told him that story. ………. Meeting him, I told him that story.
PRACTICE TEST 1
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. endanger b. disappear c. prohibit d. destruction
2. a extinct b. human c. species d. planet
3. a. respect b. effort c. exist d. supply
4. a. condition b. pollutant c. however d. influence
5. a. action b. habit c. danger d. survive
Choose the correct answer
6. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised.
a. established b. collapsed c. delayed d. decreased
7. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly.
a. dangerously b. quickly c. mostly d. gradually
8. A species of animal or plant that is _______ no longer has any living members, either in the world or in
a particular place.
a. extinct b. rare c. survival d. productive
9. Those who concern are very worried about the _____ of many species.
a. disappearance b. establishment c. supply d. provision
10. Because of people's _____ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare.
a. supply b. survival c. influence d. interference
11. Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry.
a. affected b. influenced c. changed d. provided
12. It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in ______ wild.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
13. England was one of the first countries to _________
a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization
14. Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution.

a. we depend on which b. which we depend c. on which we depend d. on that we depend
24. ___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals.
a. Rain forests b. Rain forests, that c. Rain forest, where d. Rain forests, which
25._________________________________ The farmers and their cattle had been trapped in the storm
were fortunately rescued.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
26. Nowadays, city dwellers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer from
pollution the most.
a. who b. whom c. that d. which
27._____________________________________ Do you know that environmentalist ?
a. with whom I used to work b. with that I used to work
c. with I used to work d. with who I used to work
28._____________________________________________ Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect,
________________________________________________traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere.
a. that b. which c. where d. whose
29._____________ The local authority banned us from going near the forest there is a serious fire.
a. for which b. in that c. that d. where
30. _______once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year 2025.
a. Bengal tigers b. Bengal tigers, which c. Bengal tigers, that d. Bengal tigers which
Error Identification
31. Nowadays people are more aware of the fact that wildlife all over the world which is in danger.
32. Any country that has to cope with overpopulation, hunger, and poverty, also that suffers from
pollution.
33. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormous changes to the surface
of the planet, where they are surviving and destroy.
34. There is a threat of global warming, that comes from the results of Greenhouse effect.
35. Our polluted environment which is the results of the overusing of resources and destroying the wild.
Read the passage carefully and
Recent research reveals that the …………….of agricultural soils, forests, woodlands, coastal
fisheries, and wildlife resources is more and more serious. The majority of the estimated costs of

6 a. recovered b. supplied c. changed d. disappeared
7 a. of b. in c. for d. from
8 a. kept b. had c. made d. let
9 a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
10 a. because of b. due to c. despite d. unless

PRACTICE TEST 2
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. small b. supply c. sure d. species
2. a. swimmer b. sword c. swallow d. swam
3. a. parks b. animals c. planets d. surroundings
4. a. forest b. exist c. busy d. establish
5. a. suggest b. disappear c. scientist d. raise
Choose the best answer.
6. Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals.
a. advised b. decreased c. ban d. encouraged
7. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soils _______wildlife.
a. protect b. conserve c. destroy d. survive
8. National Parks are established to create the environment for rare animals to survive and
_____offspring.
a. produce b. supply c. increase d. offer
9. The World Wild Funds is working to protect and save the forests that are in _____.
a. danger b. interest c. encouragement d. consequence
4
10. Scientists think it unlikely that the species will actually become extinct as a ______of the oil spill.
a. respect b. consequence c. protection d. production
11. Human beings can’t exist without water and air.
a. result b. live c. kill d. change
12. Do you know exactly _______number of Siberian tigers in China?
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø

27. ____ comes from thousands of factories has caused enormous increases in air pollution levels.
a. Smoke b. Smoke for which c. Smoke that d. Smoke whose
28. The areas_____ are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion.
a. which trees b. whose trees c. that trees d. trees which
29. I will never forget the time ______ I first visit Cat Tien National Park.
a. when b. why c. where d. on that
30. Those scientists are doing research on the period ____ the Earth formed.
a. where b. on that c. when d. why
Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.
31. the Royal National Park / New South Wales, Australia
a. The Royal National Park it is in New South Wales, Australia.
b. The Royal National Park, which is in New South Wales, Australia.
c. The Royal National Park is in that New South Wales, Australia.
d. The Royal National Park is in New South Wales, Australia.
32. it / locate / 29km south / Sydney
a. It located 29km south of Sydney. b. It locating 29km south of Sydney.
c. It is that locates 29km south of Sydney d. It is located 29km south of Sydney;
33. Sir John Robertson / find / the Park / 1879
5
a. Sir John Robertson whom found the Park in 1879.
b. Sir John Robertson found the Park in 1879.
c. Sir John Robertson found the Park since 1879.
d. Sir John Robertson who found the Park in 1879.
34. most unique rock formation / Eagle Rock / look like an eagle's head
a. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock looks like an eagle's head.
b. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, which looks like an eagle's head.
c. A most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, looks like an eagle's head.
d. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, that looks like an eagle's head.
35. the Park / protect / carefully / its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape
a. The Park is protected carefully because its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape.

b. it is education that can help to solve the problem
c. we need both education and law enforcement to solve the problem
d. only law enforcement can help to solve the problem
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
More than two-thirds of people all over the world are living (41) ___ agriculture and livestock, forestry
and wood processing, which is (42) ______to the natural resources. (43) _____ world's natural resources
are (44) ______ and continue to decline. Inappropriate crop production, mining and the wood (45) _____
are badly affecting forests. On going soil (46) _______ and a decline in fertility undermine food and
agricultural production. A stronger policy must be (47) ______ to provide sustainable management
practices for the world's natural resources. The government (48) _______ improve local community
involvement in natural resources and environmental management. It is (49) ______ necessary to stimulate
investments in wildlife, (50) ______, ecotourism, tree plantations, and sustainable land management.
6
41. a. on b. in c. for d. with
42. a. depended b. related c. concerned d. excited
43. a. A b. An c. The d. Ø
44. a. protected carefully b. in plenty c. kept in place d. overused
45. a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization
46. a. blow b. disappearance c. recovery d. erosion
47. a. achieved b. succeeded c. enjoyed d. established
48. a. should b. has c. ought d. had
49. a. both b. also c. either d. too
50. a. farm b. farmer c. farmers d. farming
*************************************************************************************
*
PRACTICE TEST 3
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. introduce b. peacefully c. consequence d. influence
2. a. industrial b. environment c. agriculture d. responsible
3. a. weather b. decrease c. number d. result

19. It is many rich countries have dealt the problem of extinction in various ways.
a. where b. that c. in which d. in that
20. was very kind of him.
a. That b. Which c. Whose d. On which
21. Some countries try to reduce extinction depend on the world organization for support.
7
a. which b. in which c. where d. whose
22. The National Parks, certain animal species survive, are protected strictly from the
poaching of hunters.
a. that b. where c. which d. in that
23. Some parts of the world, , were cleared for farms and now land is a desert.
a. which like the Bragantina of Brazil b. where like the Bragantina of Brazil
c. like the Bragantina of Brazil d. whose like the Bragantina of Brazil
24. Smoke from factories is polluting the air, rain forests cannot clean fast enough.
a. in which b. where c. that d. which
25. Everyone must protect ecosystem of planet Earth, .
a. that a planet in danger b. which a planet in danger
c. where is a planet in danger d. a planet in danger
26. Do you think that we are using up the resources for our survival?
a. are necessary b. that are necessary c. which necessary d. that necessary
27. Areas in Africa, South America, and Asia are dense with trees, insects, birds, and animals.
a. where are b. which are c. are d. are that
28. Rain forests are places people harvest wood, delicious fruits, and powerful medicine.
a. in which b. in that c. in where d. which
29. I wonder about human beings are destroying the environment so seriously.
a. the reason that b. that reason c. the reason in which d. the reason for which
30. The authority gathered those villagers they explained the importance of forests.
a. who b. whom c. to whom d. to that
Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.
31. Denali National Park / the central mountains of Alaska

8
human (41) ______ usually in the (42) ______ of steaks - or is used as pet food. There are also thousands
of dollars to be made (43) ______ the sale of their skins.
The environmental group Greenpeace and Australia's Animal Liberation (AAL) are now campaigning
for a ban (44) ______ the sale of all kangaroo products. They (45) ______ that this will stop unscrupulous
farmers killing the animal for (46) ______. A spokesperson for AAL said, ‘People aren't concerned
because there are still (47) ______ six million kangaroos in Australia so they are (48) ______ an
endangered species. People just don't care about (49) ______ like this unless there is a real threat. But we
know certain types have already become extinct in some areas. We must act now (50) ______ it is too late.
36. a. introduced b. produced c. turned out d. offered
37. a. approximate b. certain c. estimated d. unknown
38. a. enriching b. injuring c. ruining d. spoiling
39. a. while b. because c. when d. unless
40. a. results b. pretexts c. excuses d. reasons
41. a. consumption b. need c. employment d. usage
42. a. shape b. disguise c. form d. figure
43. a. by b. during c. for d. from
44. a. on b. of c. for d. against
45. a. claim b. hope c. wonder d. consider
46. a. interest b. profit c. benefit d. advantage
47. a. exceedingly b. another c. over d. above
48. a. never b. hardly c. seldom d. unlikely
49. a. issues b. tasks c. duties d. cases
50. a. when b. unless c. until d. before
B. Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or
have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast
numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost
entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in

a. Forgiving b. Surprised c. Vindictive d. Concerned
Read the passage and make the correct choice:
The tropical rain forests are a delight to people who (1) _____ nature. The forests are beautiful woodlands
which receive (2) _____rain. Many natural resources can be derived from tropical rain forests. (3)
_____natural resources are fruits, vegetables and rare herbs . Sometimes, the rain forests are cleared (4)
_____ valuable timber. Hardwood like teak, mahogany and rosewood are some of the popular timber that
are exported. These kinds of wood are then used (5) _____houses/and/furniture.
1.a. belong to b. love c. interested in d. became
2.a. many b. a great many c. plenty of d. a large number of
3.a. Such b. So c. Whatever d. A lot
4.a. to b. by c. with d. for
5.a. to make b. to making c. by making d. making
Read the following passage and choose the best answer:
We are all slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much
smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for
example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen
masks.
We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of waste-land all over the world. As a
result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little
rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For
instant, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it isn’t
enough simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join
us now. Save the Earth. This is too important to ignore.
1. The seas and rivers nowadays _____.
a. cannot be swum in b. are less dirty than they used to be
c. are dirty enough to swim in d. are contaminated
2. Smoke _____.
a. is harmful to health b. is full of the big cities
c. leads to a healthy life d. makes life in big cities difficult
3. In one well-known city, traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks _____.

7. A. in B. on C. with D. at
8. A. width B. wildness C. wild D. wide
9. A. as B. like C. near D. with
10. A. cure B. cause C. cut D. cancel
11