



 ! "
#$%&!
'()
*+,-+!&
+./0




 ! "
#$%&!
()
+1%
*+,-+!&
Cn b hưng dn KS.Lê Thị Thanh Huyền
+./0

 2341256+
 2&7" 7!&8
 )9(
&:;<:=>?

5+ 

!"
+@#$%&
#$% &'()*+ ),- .(./0 123 0

LỤC i
DANH MỤC CÁC TỪ VIẾT
TẮT……………………………………… vii
DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG
BIỂU………………………………………… x
DANH MỤC CÁC HÌNH
ẢNH…………………………………………….x
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU……………………………………………………………….1
CHƯƠNG 1:W-+!+$X????????
Y $++!+$X???????????????
77 _`a.\b???????????????????777?
77 1c.)def???????????????????
.Z-[\&???????????77
.YW???????????????????????777
77bgb.bh(ijklb( 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
777&%ZK38m8H3:Ib-$0???????????7777777770
77n.opjklb(0 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777q
77@rbs_tkjklb(0??????7???777777777777777
77@7T&A'8H3:Ib-$0???????????????7777
771`bkjkl77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777@
77u)vwbjklb(0777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
777H3:I&:3;UK&958+*,V????????77
$
777H3:I_&<:3;??????????????77??7??77q
777@H3:Ik:3;???????????????????
770)xkyjkl_rj.ovb(0?????777?
77z{{b(0??????????????????77777777@
77z7|K*m=}8KM->8>&b-$0????????7
77q(~{{_•o??????????????777
771c.)def??????????????????7

ƒkƒ ƒ&-<:3ˆkAAKˆ;;ƒˆˆ:M -4H3:IKŒ<J-
ƒ ƒ3:  M;  M•&K3M
KMM:M<
3M•::•&Lb[8
:M::KF
ƒ$

ƒ3:  M;  M•&K3M
KMM:M<$ˆK;M
ƒ-%=B
ƒ$
0
ƒ3:  M;  M•&K3M
KMM:M<$ˆK;M0
ƒ-%=B0
ƒ! ƒM33ˆ!;ˆ 4"%9
b_ bˆKˆMKM<_ˆ;;3ˆKMM:M< 3M•:FM584-89&
$
XT:N3bˆKˆ
b_$ bˆKˆ  MKM<  _ˆ;;3ˆ KMM:M<
$ˆK;M
b_-%=B
b_$0 bˆKˆ  MKM<  _ˆ;;3ˆ KMM:M<
$ˆK;M0
b_-%=B0
b_ bˆKˆ  KM&-  _33ˆˆ
KMM:M<
3M  •:  E&B  <‘  2
bˆKˆ
bƒ bAˆ•ƒ3< •[:;"

AW.M!.-ˆM•!ˆK$:ˆ7)MF
AH:$S
) .ˆM)$ˆ .m3;"
ƒ ;ˆKƒ33K3KMM:M< 3M•:A|<4&*mA&

"+@$a`a,
B7X:=4|38H3:Ib$$8H3:Ib$07777777777777777777777777777777777
B7>8>&:N38H3:I-$0??????????????7
B7@G3KHK*m->8>&C-ˆMKM::->8>&7777777777777777
B@7:584-=M<–7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
"+@$*`
’
L7_5L.\b•$,5v!b???????77
L7![-KT:N38H3:I-77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L7•&K‰:8H3:I<X/<M:3<777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L7@•&K‰:8H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<
L7•&K‰:8H3:I&:3;M:>&????????77?7?
L7•&K‰:8H3:I-$0&<:3;??????77?77?7?
L70•&K‰:8H3:I3:3;?????????777777
L7z>8>&•K8H3:I-$0
L7q|<MF$Œ->8>&•K7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L@7–KOM!KM8H3:I-$07777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L@7•&K‰:2b_(07777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L@7@&KL-ZB8H3:I7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777
L@7.[8:•&L8H3:I:N3C=H-$077777777777777777777777777777777777
L@7&KL[:4LXC-3_.??????77?770
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
•K*,:;[-KTFQ:N3:54K&958J:=4<
KM<—$[:FGLM$4:BE&C$•89$9<*&<*O:M
FL8H3:I:N3::C=HF<KM|$•893B:>

: E& *,: K&9 5 :G < :+ ;• 8T ::  G :2 T
œ2:&4œ8*O:$,3&$<C&"E&3K#8>&X2$9
:54FG7
Y.+N:A?:&i&
Hình 1.1Mô hình TCP/IP ứng với mô hình OSI
+N:A?:&i&<jLk?lQIegmn0<,-•ASUk <:3MVP<,-$
:&TU.K3;-MKVP<,-bˆKˆU<%XCFVP<,-K&’&•FUˆŽMKX
3::ˆ;;V7
7QIo?HRp?H:CXC.\b:B•K•::3M•:•::3M
%=3M^:::C:N3<,-KL=$<,--%7T8+BP#FMK3
<,-•ASXT;M::3M•:•::3MP::$•89:N3<,-KL
=P]23$89&XTMF7.\b-O-•:B::$•89<%E&3
8C•AS$MKM<,-P$8B=BMA|<4&8*O:822::
G:O-:M<,-XCC-7
7QIEq?<:=gD?),-$:&T89:-8C::$•89:•<*OAH:$S
*8:P89&XT<&^$;63<–7
7QI?Umn?mU_S:%&:N3<,-bˆKˆ<K&9::2‹&^8C8*O:
8G:73M•:8J:K*X":C<,-8*O:#<b75$4:’:8H
8*mAW"•$MF8:&TF:2A'K3F<,-7
7QIUn=gr=sUBG?H2:š8*O:#<<,-M;/M/ˆŽMKX72<<,-
<%E&38C•:B::$•892b%&:>&8TFM<%XC$<‘
[:;[P$;3&82FM<%XC$<‘X:72=3M^:::CXY&
)k$žkP$•:B:::CKM<,-<%XCA|<4&:š*<,-$
<‘:N35Lv!b7
*$P.*+•$,<,-:%;":•::N3<,-
KM # 3M •: :&R b!v\v!b7 ” b *+ • $, <,- @ :N3 5
Lv!b7
.KM :•& K‰: =" <,- :N3 .\bP X A| <4& K&9 ‹ <,- •
AS:M8C<,-$<‘P–<,-89&:%$M->89&XT:N3L
8T8B=BM:M$4:K&9A|<4&8*O::G’:7_–589&XT

bˆKˆ-% =B0Ub$0V < -% =BZ:•-:N33M•:b$P
:29&38DP=D;&7.&%|38DP=D;&X5=C
8D=B:•:+=BMF8:N3b7•&K‰:88H3:I<+:2TE&3
;K•KŸ | X: =4|3 b$ $b$07 H3 :I b$0 8*O: C XC :2
:9&Aq=GP•-<>:9&A:N38H3:Ib$7•&K‰::š*5
L8H3:I:2|38D<,;M$,-%=Bb$7
.YYZ-[\&0
H3:Ib838*O:;6AS4FUb$V:2@=:3v:ˆ
U–M:ˆ:2q=P*+8*+=ˆV::8C89&‹KE&3-B=G:M
8C=G@P::M:ˆ:=43&=•A•&:•U7V7(ƒ8H3:Ib*;3&
07q7070z7H3:Ib8*O::3,F‹8CU$L*+
8*+U•4H-ZV<;"<,•:2q=7
H3:Ib:3K3<,-kPPPƒP™74F8]A&C<,-kP$3>
C<,-P:”<,-ƒ$™D:•:ˆKˆ838TA:MS:8G:X:
X5-ZP%:‰3:I%:•&@:N3<,-<7),-ƒ:2=8>&
%8TAF<P:”<,-™:2=8>&%8TAF<7ƒM
828H3:I$GAS•K%=›8>&=•%&:<,-7_8H3:Ib
8*O:-Z=4=•3->P->8>&#<ˆŽMKXbƒU8H3:IFV$
->;3&<M;bƒ7(ƒ8"$,<,-kU:28H3:I‹7778Cz777V
P=••<=AF<+-k Pz=:”<FKMv:ˆ••PA
:MAH3:IFP@v:ˆ:”<F:2=A:M8H3:I:N3:N7ƒM
$PK%<,-kP:2T-Z:M@FX:3&P$–3:2T-Z
:M0FX3:3&P$–F:2T:2"830zzzM;.
.YYYH=g;??:t?neuvCuwe<:xIE
*8]=CPb$:2X9&*O:8TPKM82E&3K#•
<$4:X538H3:Ib$83:FX479&AW8C•C&-BK3
8m C48H3:I,BE&C8*O:|*O:8T:N3b$P82<
b$07.C4 8H3:I b$0 X5 | B E&C 8*O: | $• 89 :N3
b$:”:&:•-%;"*&8T
1538H3:I<,7

\&0
H3:Ib$0:2:9&A•-="<>:9&A8H3:Ib$P^q=;7
b$0<-%=BXC‹3:N3b$P*m8*O:=T&A'•AFˆ’3Aˆ:3<7
.&%P8H3:Ib$0$8H3:Ib$:29&8TX:=4$,3&8*O:
T4KM=B;3&
we<:x&E0 we<:x&E
A8H3:I<@=;U=ˆV7 A8H3:I<q=;U0=ˆ;VY
b;ˆ::I<Œ:# b;ˆ:8*O:›<9$,b$07
>8>&:N38H3:Ib$X5:2
K*m’:8H<&^A|<4&:N3
2:M::=8H&C8T’6
<‘M!U:•<*OAH:$SV7
.K*m  ]  A”  :M  -¡-  ’:
8H<&^28T::=8H
&C :2  T  8B  =BM :• <*O
AH:$S M!7
(4:-Z8MF8*O:[:4=•
:B =8H &C $  :N 6
2
(4:-Z8MF:I8*O:[:4
=•:N-G36X5:2
;[33:N3=8H&C
>8>&:2:•3K*mˆ:X;&7
15:2K*mXTK3KM
b$0>8>&7
>8>&:2:•39&Œ:#7
.•:B::Œ:#:2KM>
8>&
•K7
3M•:ko;6ASko%&

ƒ!$,S:8G:’F;38H3
:Ib$7
H3:I:N8*O:<*&KM
ƒ!$,S:8G:’F;3
8H3:Ib$07
–KO2XG:*,:z0
=ˆ;U:2T-Z8MFV7
–KO2XG:*,:q
=ˆ;UX5:>-Z8MFV7
B7![X:=4|38H3:Ib$$8H3:Ib$0
.YY0^,+5[\&
.KMb$03M•:bˆKˆ8*O::BC::K<,8TG:
8*O: ;[ - KT X5 =C K*,: 8*O: :N3 bˆKˆ7 H AF $ 8
A :N3|8H3:Ib:š8*O:38D$,|28HAF7|
3M•: <%E&3P * b_ :š 8[+: :B C7 | 3M •: X:
KM > F *koP okoP b_ 8] MJ: =H ’M MJ: :2 KM 3M
•: b_$07|3M•:L8*m*obPv!¤:š8*O::BC
XBG:$,|38D7|:&%3K&95A[
8M<b$0$|3M•:<%E&3$,2;Q3:23C-%
=Bb4m7.C4,:N3b3b$0:2|*&8T*;3&
• Không gian địa chỉ ln:
b$0:28H3:I&^$8G:Aq=G7_J:AŒq=G:2TFM+
@P¥
@qDO-PX538H3:I:N3b$08*O:CXCA[-”8N<,
:M -¡- -Z=D8H3:I$F:M‹KS:’*+;"ˆKˆ8C‹
F:MKM D:•:7 :8H3 :I 483 -Z =D 8T ;6 AS :I
:C<*O }$$W:”‹3K•9&8H3:I;¦;:M;6AS
KM*+<37(,X53 8H3:I<,P::XY&=BM^8H3:I
*k.;QX5:”:>C|37
• Tăng sự phân cấp địa chỉ

)*&5K%F8*O:-Z::<&^:M-¡-’6<‘•:*&
%X:3&F::=8H&C7
• Hỗ trợ tốt hơn tính năng di đng
1BbA88S8*O:::*&8T:N3-$0;M$,-$
• Khả năng mở rng
.C XC :N3 -$0 :2 ;[ A[ -” :M ;[ - KT KM *+ <3
8^mA'A•KX:2&:>&
.YY0YaCD=RC{?uwe<:x
a. Cc hệ số thập phân, nhị phân,hexa decima
_ ;" ˆ’3 *+ • 2  ;" H -Z7 ‰ 3 :2 T E& 8D
E&3<F|3::4;"H-ZP--ZPˆ’3Aˆ:3<
mreRm<CBel|<f}k~
PPP@PPP0PzPqPPkPPPƒP™P¤
¤ U--ZV UH-ZV
kq ’0§q’0§’0§’0@ q
+ Cch viết địa chỉ IPv6
H3:Ib$08*O:$CA*,AFˆ’3Aˆ:3<7H3:Ib(0:28A
q=G H -Z7 q =G H -Z  8*O: :3  :: 2  =GP
:&T 8D$C ˆM AF ;" ˆ’3 Aˆ:3< $ 2  ;" ˆ’3  
2 -Z :: =•A•&¨ ©*K%71CE&BP8H3:I-$08*O:=T&A'
A];"^q2;"ˆ’3::3&=•A•&¨ ©P–2^
:|;"ˆ’3
.YY0)[\
_•KX538H3:I<KM|<GAM:G8T-KT
C48H3:Ib$07H3:Ib$0:2:9&Aq=GP•-<>:9&A=G:N3
8H3:I b$7 (9 <‘ &CP • K X5 3 8H3 :I ‹  I <% , 
:M;"XD<^Uq @P’@qV8H3:I7_;"-ZG:GM
$XC<&K•P:MAŒ;6AS*CMP:‰3:šX5TAŒC
8H3:Ib$07
.KM:G;:E&B<‘8H3:IbˆKˆM:>&PS:%&:+=BKM

K%8*m <X 3 •MKŽ3KA 8 =• KM&ˆK7 F $ :N3 AF 8H3 :I  <
-F$MAˆ7
we<:xI:p<Ep<:•HCe•UCcIUn;?BMUuPv?H‚cU?kC|uwe<:xC?‚7l•<el~
H3:I<X/<M:3<8*O:;6AS=•::MAˆX3MC-$,::MAˆ
<Z:Uˆ=MKMAˆVK%:Œ8*mXC"71X5:2KM&ˆKP::
MAˆb$0 K%  8*m <X ;Q ;6 AS 8H3 :I<X/<M:3< 8T3M C-$,
3&7F$:N3AF8H3:I&:3;<K%8*mXC"U-F$
<XV7
H3:I<X/<M:3<<&5<&58*O::•&L::[8P3:BX
X5:2;[^F:N3#<MF8H3:I&:3;X:7
Hình 2.2 Cấu trúc địa chỉ link-local
H3:I<X/<M:3<=›8>&=•=G-Kˆ•’<¤™q \PˆM;3&=• =
0=G:”<F<8HA33MA4UˆK•3:ˆbƒV
Địa chỉ Site-Local
ƒF8H3:I-$0!ˆ/<M:3<8*O:CXC$,S:8G:;6AS KM
-F$FP*+8*+$,8H3:IAŒK%U-K$3ˆVKM-$U::
$Œ777\qPz7077\P$70q77\0V7F$GA&•:N3
AF8H3:I<-F$KMFAŒK%U$GASFM••:ˆP
 D O- F M••:ˆ :N3  D :•:777V7 : KM&ˆK 3ˆŽ3 -$0 X5
•MKŽ3KA2:28H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<K3X}-F$FK%:N3D:•:7ƒM
$P$Œ8H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<:2T8*O:AŒKŒ<J-=•9&D:•:
X5Z’&88H&C-$0M:>&7H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<KM;ˆ
X5T8*O:K&:-,‹;ˆX:7
Hình 2.3 Cấu trúc địa chỉ site-local
H3:I;ˆ/<M:3<<&5<&5=›8>&=•=G-Kˆ•’¤™ \7.C-
ˆM<@q=G$0=GD:•::2T-Z:3;&=ˆP8H&CKM
-F$;ˆ:N3L70=G:&"P*:‰3:”,P<&5<0=G8H
A33MA4:STKM;&=ˆ7
Địa chỉ Unicast định danh toàn cầu
F $ G A& • :N3 8H3 :I &:3; 8H A3 M :>& < M