CK.0000043245
► D u n g d u n g c d c t i r l o q i 1
► P h o t t r i e n k y n d n g v i e t d a n g n g u p h d p
► H o n 2 0 0 b d i t a p v d v i d u c d k e m d a p d n
► T v k i d m t r a v d c d n g c d k i e n t h d c
Hiidng dan viet dung
ngU phap tieng Anh
T H A N H T H A O - T H A N H H O A
N h o m b i e n s o a n
HlTdNG DAN VIET DUNG
NGU* PHAP TIEN G ANH
> Dung dung cac tti loai
> Phat trien ky nang viet dung ngii phap
> Hdn 200 bai t&p va vi du co kem dap an
V Tu kiem tra va cung co kien thiic.
NHA XUAT BA N TITDIEN BACH KHOA
LCfl NOI DAU
M$t trong nhtfng vSfn d i m i hiu hSt c ic ht?c viSn tiS'ng Anh, k&
c i hoc sinh - sinh viSn, c[uan tim li lim sao cd t h S tu ki&m tra
nhOng diSu minh ndi hay viS’t AH dung ngO phip chira, ho£c ddi luc
ti/ thjfy bd'i rS'i khSng biS’t nSn dung theo c ic h n io cho dung ngtf
phip hoSc nin chon tir th£ n io cho c iu v2n ngin gcpn, sue t(ch.
Xu/t p h it tCr mtfi quan tim d6, dSng thbi cung nhJlm giup htpc
viSn tu tin hern khi sd dijng tlS'ng Anh. chung tS i biSn soan c\uy$r\
"Hudng dSn viS't dung ngO phip t\£ng Anh". trinh I?Ay nhUng vkn dS
c in bin m i hoc viSn c in nim vOng d S c6 t h i dung dung ngQ phip
tiing Anh trong c ic b ii viSt v i b ii nghiSn cuu cda mmh.
5 ic h gSm 5 phin, duqc b8 eye thinh 14 chucmg theo tung chJ
di£m rd rin g nhim hudng d in c ic h dung dung c i c tuf loai nhu
dSng tCr, danh tir. tmh tt>, dal tir, v.v ; phin biSt c i c iSi ngO phip
thudng g ip nhu tSi chi'm ciu , iSi chfnh t i , iSi viS’t hoa, v i iSi cu
Trang tu (Adverb)
Li?n tu (Conjunction)
Than tu (Interjection)
Danh tu (Noun)
—^ Gioi tu (Preposition)
Dai tu (Pronoun)
Cong tu (Verb)
T
rong chiTOng nay, ban se on tap ve tCr loai mot cach chuan mu’c
de biet cac tir ghep lai vdi nhau tao ra nghia nhu” the nao. Trong
cac chiTOng sau, ban se hoc cach siTa loi do dung sai tir loai
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Tieng Anh la mot ngon ngtf rSft linli hoat. Nghla
cua tuf khong nhffng bSt ngu6n tir cach viet va pliat
3m ma con tuf cach suf dung tuf do trong cau. Khi ban
on tap tuf loai, hay nhcl rang cach dung tuf trong cau quyet
dinli no la tuf loai nao. VI du:
Danh tuf: I ate fish for dinner.
Toi da an cd vdo bita toi.
Dong tuf: We fish in the lake on every Tuesday.
Chung toi cau cd o' ho vdo moi thit ba.
Tinh tit
Tinh tuf la tuf dung de mieu ta danh tu* va dai tir. Tinh tu" tra Idi nhffng
cau hoi nhtf: What kind (Loai gi)? How much (Bao nhieu)? Which one
(Cai nao)? How many (May cai)? Vi du nhu":
What kind? red nose gold ring
How much? more sugar little effort
Which one? second chance those chocolates
How many? several chances six books
Co nam loai tinh tu": tinh tu" chung, tinh tuf rieng, tinh tijf ghep, mao ti*
ta ro rang hOn.
Take a larger slice of the luscious cake.
I I I I
Adj noun adj noun
Hay lay mot mieng bdnh thefm ngon to hem.
3. Dung tinh tff sau mot dong tff lien ket. Dong tff lien ket co tac dung
no'i chu ngff vdti mot tff mieu ta. Nhffng dong tff lien ket thong dung
nhat la be (is, am, are, was, were va van van), seem, appear, look,
feel, smell, sound, taste, become, grow, remain, stay \ d turn.
Chicken made this way tastes more delicious (khona phai deli
ciously).
Gd dutfc chebien theo kieu nay thi ngon hem
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yy\c^o- f\i\&
Tinh tuf vi ngfl la tinh tiif cach danh tijf hofic dai tijf
bdi mot dong tCf lien k£t. Tinh tuf vi ngfl co chufc nSng
mieu ta chu ngff cua cSu.
The w eather was cold all week.
Thbi tiet lanh leo cd tudn.
Trang tit
Trang tuf la tCr mieu ta dong tff, tinh tff hoSc trang tff kMc. Trang tff tra
Idi nhffng cau h6i nhff: When (khi nao)? Where (d dau)? How (nhff the"
nao)? hoSc To what extent (Tdi mffc nao)?
When? left yesterday
Where? fell below
How? happily sang
To what extent? partly finished
Hau het trang tff dffdc thanh lap b^ng cach them - ly vao sau tinh tff.
Vi du:
begin now
often
quick
rather slow
soon
still
then
today
tomorrow too
when
where
yesterday
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Hay theo nhffng nguyen tic n&y khi ban dilng trang tff:
1. Sfrdung trang tff de mieu ta dong tff.
Experiments using dynamite must be done carefully.
verb adv.
Cac thi nghiem dung chat no dinamit phdi thuc hien mot cach c \
than.
2. Diing trang tff de mieu ta tinh tff.
Sam had an unbelievably huge appetite for chips,
adv. Adj.
Sam me an khoai tdy ran den mice khong tudng tuong noi.
3. Dung trang tff de mieu ta mot trang tff khac.
They sang so clearly.
adv. adv.
Ho hat rd lam sao.
c
>
Tran g tuf lien
V\& ) ) ) doan v3n.
both and either or
neith er nor not only but also w hether or
3. Lien tff chinh phu lien ket mot menh de doc lap (mot cau hoan
chinh) vdi mot menh de phu (fragment - cau chtfa hoan chinh).
Sau day la nhffng lien tff chinh phu thirdng dung nhat:
after although as
as if
as long as as soon as as though
because
before
even though
if
in order that
since so that though
till
unless until when
whenever
where
wherever
o^cl hcnr loix.tr o r
Than tit
Than tff d iin dat cam xuc manh me. Vi than tff khong lien ket vdi tff
khac trong cau theo ngff phap nen than tff diTdc tach khoi phan c5n lai
cua cau bang mot dau phay hoac dau cham than. Vi du:
• Oh! What a shock you gave me with that gorilla suit.
Oi! Ban lam toi l/uu sdc vdi bo do khi dot do.
• Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit!
Wow! Do khong phdi la bo do khi dot!
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Danh til
D anh tiif so nhieu
Day la nhffng nguyen L&c thanh lap danh tff sd nhieu.
1. Them s de tao th&nh danh tff sd nhieu doi vdi da so" danh tff.
cat —> cats computer -» computers
2. Them es neu danh tff tan ciing bkng s, sh, ch ho&c x.
wish —> wishes
inch -» inches
box -» boxes
3. Neu danh tff tan cilng la phu am -y, thi doi y thanh i va them es.
city -> cities
lady -> ladies
4. Neu danh tff tan cung blng nguyen.am - y thi chi can them 5. Tuy
nhien, nhffng tff tan cilng la -quy khong theo nguyen t^c nay (nhff
trong solioquies).
essay -> essays
monkey -> monkeys
Glal til
Gidi tff lien ket mot danh tff hoSc dai tff dffng sau no vdi mot tff khac
trong cau. Dung bang sau de giup ban nhan ra vai gidi tff dffOc sff dung
nhieu nhat:
about
above
across
after
against
along
amid
around
as
at
to
toward
under
undemea.!'
' *
t
upon
with
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Gidi tijf luon co mot danh tff ho3c dai tir theo sau. Mot cum gidi tir bac
gom mot gidi tvr va doi tffdng cua no. Cum gidi tff cd the gom hai hoac ba
tir.
on the wing in the door
Tuy nhien, cum gidi tirco the dai hdn nhieu, tiiy thuoc vao do dai cua
gidi tir va cac tir bo nghla cho doi tffdng cua gidi tir.
Near the violently swaying oak trees
Gan may cay soi dang du dua dCt d(>i
On account o/his nearly depleted bank account
Vi tdi khodn ngan hang gdn can kiet cua anh ay
Dal til
Dai tir la tir dffdc dung de thay the" danh tir hoac dai tir khac. Dai tir
giup ban tranh lap lai mot cach khong can thiet khi viet va ndi. Dai tir lay
nghla cua danh tir ma no thay the". Danh tir do dffdc goi la tien ngff (ante
cedent).
Although Seattle is damp, it is my favorite city.
antecedent pronoun
Mac du Seattle dm udt, do la thanh pho.
Cd nhieu loai dai tff khac nhau. Hau het dai tffdeu cd tien ngff, nhffng
mot so" it thi khong can tien ngff.
Tir tien ngtf (antecedent) co nguon goc tiT tieng La
All her friends enjoyed themselves riding in the beautiful car.
Tat cd ban be cua co d'y rat thich thu khi duoc chay trong chiec xe
dep.
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4. Dai tir nhan manh (intensive pronoun) cung tan cung b&ng -5d
hoilc -selves nhUng chi nhan manh them cho danh tir ho ic dai tij
Tricia herself picked out the car.
m
Tu Tricia chon chiec xe.
5. Dai tir chi dinh (demonstrative pronoun) htfdng sir chu <j tdi mcj
ngtfdi, ndi chon hay mot vat cu the. Chi co bon dai tir chi djnh la|
this, that, these, those.
This is my favorite movie.
Day la bo phim Ua thich cua toi.
That was a fierce rain storm.
Do la mot cctn mUa bdo ditdoi.
6. Dai tuf quan he (relative pronoun) dtfng dau mot menh de phu. C<j
nam dai tuf quan he la: that, which, who, whom, whose.
Jasper claimed that he could run the washing machine.
Jasper cho rang anh co the van hdnh cai may giat.
Louise was the repair person who fixed the machine after Jasper
washed his sneakers.
Louise Id ngudi su:a cai may sau khi Jasper giat giay cua minh.
S o ft
So" nhieu
So it hoac so" nh ilu
another
both
all
anyone
Who would like to cook dinner?
Ai muon nau bCta toi?
Which side does the fork go on?
Ngd ba di tiep ben nao ?
8. Dai tir bat dinh (indefinite pronoun) dilng de chi ngffdi, ndi chon, do
vat ma khong chi ra mot cai cu the nao. Nhffng dai tff bat dinh dffdc
liet ke cf trang trffdc.
Oong til
Dong tff dilng de chi mot hanh dong hoSc mieu ta mot trang th£i ton
ai. Cau nao cung phai co dong tff. Co ba loai dong tff can ban la: dong
ff chi hanh dong (action verb), dong tff lien ket (linking verb) va trd dong
ff (helping verb).
D ou g tif ch i h an h d o n g
Dong tff chi hanh dong cho ta biet chu ngff lam gi. Hanh dong co the
hay bang m&t (jump, kiss, laugh) hoac trong tinh than (think, learn, study).
The cat broke Louise’s china.
Con meo da lam vd mon do sii cua U)uise.
I f>M «9C T H A i NGUYEN
*\rn
TAU UAAVVPIT
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Louise considered buying a new china cabinet.
Louise can nhac xem co nen mua mot cai tu sut mdi khong.
Dong tiif chi hanh dong c6 hai loai la ngoai dong tif va noi d$ng til|
Ngoai dong tff can phai co mot bo ngff trffc tiep.
The boss dropped the ball.
Ong chu lam rdi qua banh.
The workers picked it up.
Cac cong nhan nhat no len.
Noi dong tif khong can bo ngff trtfc tiep.
Trd dong tif (helping verbs) dufOc them vao mot dong tuf khac de lam
nghla. Trc( dong tuf bao gom moi dang cua cac dong tir to be, do ,does,
d, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must.
jm dong tuf diTdc tao thanh bcfi mot dong tuf chinh va mot hoac vai trO
mg tir.
They will run before dawn.
Ho se chay trudc binh minh.
They still have not yet found a smooth track.
Ho van chua tim diMc mot dudng chay bang phdng.
Tom tat
Tieng Anh cd tam loai tit:
Tinh tu
Trang tur
Li?n tu
1 n
Thin tur
Danh tur
Gidi tu
Dai tu
D<?ng tu
Thong qua cdch suf dung tCr trong cau, ta c6 the xac dinh dUdc n6 lai
loai nao.
Tif kiem tra
Cau l«U im q - m
1. Mot danh tijf dinh danh cho ngirdi, ndi chon ho£c sir va
2. Danh tif chung dinh danh bat cti ai ho£c vat nao tror
mot ldp ngUdi, ndi chon hoSc sir vat.
3. Danh tijf rieng cho biet ten cua mot ngirdi, ndi chon hoi
sir vat cu the. Danh tiif rieng khong bao gid viet hoa.
4. Danh tCr sd nhieu cho biet quan he sd thuoc.
khac, ndi cac y va doan van lai vdi nhau.
6. Cd (ba, bay) loai lien tff ding lap.
7. Lien tff tiTOng lien cung lien ket nhffng tff hoac nhom tff
tffdng dffdng, nhirng luon di (theo dip, mot minh).
8. Danh tff tap hop (dinh danh nhom, chi quan he sd thuoc).
9. (I, Which) la dai tff nhan xUng.
10. (Yours, Herself) la dai tff sd hffu.
11. Dai tff nhan manh, khac vdi dai tff phan than, (dffng
dau mot menh de phu, co tac dung nhan manh them).
12. (Dai tff nghi van, Dai tff bat djnh) dung de dat cau hoi,
bao gom what, which, who, whom, whose.
13. Cau nao cung phai co mot danh tff va mot (gidi tff,
dong tff).
14. Dong tff chi hanh dong co the thay bang mat hoac (thuoc
ve tinh than, co tinh lien ket).
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15. Trong cau "Luis dropped his hat", dong tif dropped 1
(ngoai dong tif, noi dong tif).
16. Trong cau "Nita awoke early," dong lif awoke la (ngos
dong tif, noi dong tir).
17. De xac dinh dong tif c6 phai la ngoai dong tir ha
khong, hay tif hoi ("W ho?7”What?", "How many?’
sau dong tif.
18. (Trd dong tif, Dong tif lien ket) ket ndi chu ngff vil \
ngff va khong dien ta hanh dong.
19. Trd dong tff dffdc them vao mot dong iff khac de lar
ro nghla va co the bao gom moi dang cua (to be, to see
20. Trong cau "I traded my sandwich for three oatmea
cookies," tff oatmeal la mot (danh tff, tinh tff).
Cau ImU bvk. n*jlu m
(a) Noun
(b) Adjective
(c) Adverb
(d) Preposition
7. Did you hear that song before?
(a) Conjunction
(b)
Adjective
»(c) Adverb
(d) Preposition
8. Always follow through with what you start.
(a) Interjection
(b) Conjunction
k (c) Adverb
(d) Preposition
9. The remark went right through one ear and out the other.
(a) Noun
(b) Adjective
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^(c) Conjunction
,(d) Preposition
10. The gardener mowed the lawn after he reread Lai
Chatterly’s Lover.
(a) Conjunction
(b) Adjective
(c) Adverb
(d) Preposition
Qdp d*
C&u h o i d u n g sai ( T r u e - F a ls e )
l.T 2. T 3. F
20. Tinh tir
C&u h o i tr& c n g h ie m
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. d 5. b
6. d 7. c 8. c 9. d 10. a
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