8
9
10
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s

s
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1 vòng
(1 + 1 (1 + 2 )
k = 1 k = 1 k = 2
VD: CH
3
–CH
2
–CH
3
k = 0.
CH=CH
2
k = 5.

x
H
y
O
z
N
t
X


R—G
VD: Trong C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH thì C
6
H
5
CH
2
–
VD: CH
2
=CHCH
2
—Cl + NaOH CH
2
=CHCH
2
—OH + NaCl.
CTCT
CTCT
halogen
–X
(X = halogen)
–X halogen

–C—H
O
–C—OH
O
–C—OH
O
–N—H
H
– k = k
R
+ k
G R
và k
G
VD:
HD: k = 1.
k 2

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• VD: CH
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOH, …
• VD: CH
2

2
COOH, …
–OH –CHO –COOH –COO–
"ol" "al" "oic" "oat"
Ancol
Anđehit
Axit cacboxylic
Este
–
CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
C
4
H
10
C
5
H
12

(a) C
3
H
8
O. (b) C
3
H
6
. (c) C
4
H
8
O
2
.
(d) C
2
H
5
OH. (e) (CH
3
)
3
COH. (f) C
6
H
12
O
6
.

A) CH
3
. B) OH. C) ONa. D) CHO.
4
3
CHO + Ag
2
O CH
3
COOH + 2Ag.
3
CHO là
A) CH
3
. B) CHO. C) CH
3
COOH. D) OH.
5
A) HCOOC
2
H
5
. B) CH
3
CH
2
OH.
C) CH
3
CH

2
—O—C—CH
3
CH—O—C—CH
3
O
O
CH
2
—O—C—CH=CH
2
O
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8
A) HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
CH
2
OH, CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
B) HCOOH, HCHO, HCOOCH
3
.
C) HCOOCH

–
A) B)
C) D)
B
2
=CHCOOH. X là axit
A)
B)
C)
D)
C
3
CH
2
CHO là
(A) propanal. (B) etanal.
(C) axit propanoic. (D) propanol.
D
3
)
2
CH–CH
2
OH là
(A) 2–metylpropan–3–ol. (B) butan–1–ol.
(C) 2–metylpropan–1–ol. (D) butan–2–ol.
E
3

là

H
6
O
2
(a)
4
H
10
là C
4
H
10
3
– CH
2
– CH
2
– CH
3
(2) CH
3
– CH – CH
3
(3) CH
3
– C – CH
3
(b)
3
H

COOCH
3
.
2.4 10
k 1 0
2
2.3 6
k 1 1
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
G
(a) C
5
H
12
. (b) C
4
H
8
. (c) C
4
H
10
O. (d) C
4

O.
VD3:

k
R
= 1.
k
G
•
C
n
H
2n–4
O
4
.

C
n
H
2n+2–2k
O
a
VD4:
2
H
3
2
H
3

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I
J
K
L
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
M
2
s
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Câu
1
2
3
B
4
B
5
D
6
B

8
(c) C
4
H
10
C – C – C – C – OH

C – O – C – C – C C – O – C – C
C – C – O – C – C

C
C – C – C
C
C
C – C – C = C C – C = C – C C – C = C
C
C – C – C – OH
C
C – C – C – C
OH
C – C – C
C
OH
C
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(d) C
4
H
8

2
C – C – NH – C C – N – C
C
C
C
C
I C
n
H
2n – 4
J C
n
H
2n – 2
O
2
K C
n
H
2n – 8
O
L (a) C
n
H
2n

+ 2
O
(b) C
n

H
2n
O
2
(h) C
n
H
2n – 4
O
4
(i) C
n
H
2n + 3
N
(j) C
n
H
2n

+ 2
N
2
M C
2
H
2
O
4