•
1=^
-
:•<:
^.
i&
^^^•Kll-l^-jiiS^
E'-"
•-•
k"
^
^^Rff ^^f ^
9AL.
^^^^n^
^S^E''
1
:^ai.
NHA XUAT BAN HA
NOI

TS.
CAO CL/ GIAC (Chu bien)
ThS.
HO XUAN
THUt
-ThS. CAO THI VAN GIANG
THIET
KE
BAI GIANG
HOA HOC 11
NANG

defn
gian.
• ca'u true electron va ca'u triic khdng
gian
eiia anken.
•
^
Viet dong phan ca'u tao va dong phan hinh hgc
ciia
anken.
/
HS hieu:
•
Vi
sao
ankeri
co nhieu dong phan han ankan
tucng
iing.
•
Nguyen^
nhan mot sd anken
co
dong
phari
hinh hoc la do su phan bo' cac
nhom the
cf
cac vi
tri

phan
til
etilen, dong phan cis-trans ciia but-2-en.
• HS: On tap kie'n thiic bai ankan va xem tru6c bai anken.
C. TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC
Hoat dong cua GV
Hoat dong cua HS
I- DONG DANG VA DANH PHAP
Hogt dpng
1
1.
Day dong
ddng
vd ten thong thudng cua anken
GV chie'u mo hmh
phan tit
cua etilen
len
man hinh cho HS quan sat:
a) b)
yeu
c5u
HS thao luan
vi
cac va'n de sau:
- Vie't CTCT cac cha't tie'p theo la dong
dang cua
C2H4.
-
Lap cdng

ciia mot sd ddng
dang cua etilen:
C3H6,
C4H8,
C5H10
- Tii
C2H4
theo khai niem ddng dang.
QH4(CHA ^Q.kH4.k dat2+k =
n
thi-> C„H,„
(n>2).
- Etilen cau tao cd
jndt
lien ke't doi'
(gdm mdt lien ke't
CT
ben
vfing
va mdt
lien ke't
71
kem ben), vay:
Anken
Id
hidrocacbon khong no mach
hd trong phdn tit co mot lien kit dqi.
HS ggi ten.
CHi—CHo—CH-i
propan

CH3
GV bd sung ten ggi cua mot sd gd'c cua
anken:
CH2=CH-
gdc vinyl
CH2=CH-CH2-
gd'c
anlyl
HS ggi ten:
CH2—CH—CH3
CH2=CH—CH2—CH3
GH3-CH=CH-CH3
CH2=C—
CH3
CH,
propilen
a-butilen
P-butilen
isobutilen
Hoqt
dong 2
2.
Ten thay the
GV chie'u len man hinh ten ggi cua mdt
sd anken don
gian.
CTCT
CH2—
CH2
CH2= CH—CH3

sd chi vi
tri
nguyen
tit
C
diu
tien
chiia lien
k^t
ddi - en
GV yeu
ciu
HS ggi ten cac anken sau
theo ten thay the:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-
CH=CH-CH2-CH3
CH2=C —CH2—CH3 1
CH,
CH2=CH
CH,
-CH,
- Mach chinh la mach chiia lien ke't
ddi,
dai nha't va cho nhieu nhanh nha't.
- Danh sd C mach chinh bat
diu
tiit
phfa
gin

de sau:
- Trang thai lai hoa cua nguyen
ti
C.
- Cau tao cua lien ket ddi.
- Vi trf
tuofng
ddi cua cac nguydn
tit.
Goc lien ket
HCC,HCH.
HS quan sat.
HS thao
luln
va tra
Idi:
- Nguyen
t&
cacbon ndi doi
b
trang
thai lai hda
sp^
(lai hoa tam giac).
- Lien ke't doi gdm 1 lidn ket
CT
(ben
viing) va 1 lien ke't
71
(kem ben).

ddng phan.
- Dua theo cdng thiic cau tao thi anken
dugc chia thanh nhung loai ddng phan
nao?
'
- Viet cac ddng phan ca'u tao va ggi ten
anken cd cong thiic phan tir
CsH^.
Hoqt dqng
4
2.
Dong
phdn
>
a)
Dong
phdn cdu tao
HS thao luan va tra
Idi:
- Ddng phan la
nhihig
hgp
chit
khac nhau nhung cd ciing cong thiic
phin
tit.
- Dua theo
cdng
thiic
ciu

GV chie'u md hinh phan tii dpng phan
cis
^trans
cua but-2-en len
than
hinh.
OH
^O
1.
UPC
cis-but-2-en
HS quan sat va thao luan.
H
'«
'. •
H
•-106V
I'C
trsns-but-2-en
GV neu
vlti
de: nhu
vly
but-2-en cd ddng
phan cis va ddng phan trans vay
di^u
kien
nao de cd ddng phan cis-trans?
GV hudfng
din,

quanh
lien ket
ddi
C=C
nam trdn mdt mat phang nen
khdng the quay dugc quanh
true
lien ke't.
- Cd
th^
neu
so dd sau de giai thfch.
R,
R,
C =
C.
R,
R4
Dieu kien:
Rl+R2 R3 + R4
+ Dong phdn cis: khi mach chfnh
nim
ciing mot phfa ciia lien ket C= C.
+ Dong phdn trans: Khi mach chinh
nam 6
phfa khac nhau cua lien ket C= C.
HS
vidt
ddng phan hinh hgc pent-2-en.
H

- Quy tac ggi ten anken.
-
Cac loai ddng phan cua anken.
GV chie'u mot so bai tap sau len man hinh cho HS thao luln:
1.
Ggi ten anken sau:
CJH3
CH,— C
— CH^-C =
CH—CH,
CH,
QH5
A. 3-etyl-5,5-dimetylhex-2-en
C. 3-etyl-5,5-dimetylhex-3-en
2.
Cho 3 hidrocacbon sau:
CH3 —CH2—C—CH2
CH,
(1)
B.
2,2-dimetyl-5-etylhex-4-en
D.
4-dimetyl-2,2-dimetylhex-4-en
Ddp dn A.
CH3 —CH2—C—CH—CH3
CH,
CH3
—CH2—C—CH—CH3
QH5
(2)

tii
C„H2„
(n > 2)
Cong thiic cau tao chung:
R'R^C=CR^R\
Diing bang sau de so sanh:
d)D.
Thanh
phin
Cau tao
Ankan
Chiia C va H.
-
Mach hd.
-
Trong phan
tit
chi cd, lien ket
don.
Anken
Chiia C va H.
-
Mach
hd.
—
Trong phan tix cd
mdt lidn ket d6i
C=C.
Xicloankan
Chiia C va H.

phan cua buten, thuoc loai ddng phan
ciu
tao (khac
nhau ve ban chat nhdm chiic).
b) Thf du fciing sd nguyen
tit
C la 4,
G4H10
cd hai ddng phan
nhu^g
C4H8
cd ba
ddng phan
ciu
tao, trong dd cd mot ddng phan
ciu
tao cd ddng phan hinh hgc:
C4H,o:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-(pH-CH3
CH,
10
C4H8:
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH=CH2
CH3 -
C=CH2
I
CH
3.
H3Cs^

2-metylbut-l-en 3-metylbut-l-en 2-metylbut-2-en
C:
H3C^
/C2H,
H3C^
/H
.
H^
,
H
H^
^C2H3
cz5-pent-2-en fra«5-pent-2-en
Cac chat d day A (mach khong nhanh) va day B (mach cd nhanh) la ddng
phan mach C ciia nhau. Hai chat trong day A cung nhu trong day B la ddrig
phan vi
tri
nhdm chiic. Hai chat trong day C la ddng phan hinh hgc.
11
BAI
40
ANKEN
TINH CHAT, DIEU CHE VA LfNG DUNG
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC
1.
Kien
thCfc
HS bie't:
• Quy luat bien ddi nhiet do ndng chay, nhiet do sdi ciia anken.
• Tfnh chat hoa hgc dac tnmg ciia anken la phan

cua
anken.
3. Tinh cam, thai do
Anken va san
pham
triing hop cd nhieu
iing
dung trong ddi sdng san
xul't.
Vi
vay, giiip HS
tlil'y dugc tim quari trgng
cua viec nghien
ciiu
anken.
B. CHUAN
B!
CUA GV VA
HS
• GV: - May tfnh, may chie'u, cac phieu hgc tap.
- Hoa chat: Nudc brom,
H2SO4
jj^,
etanol,
thudc tfm.
- Dung cu: Ong nghiem,
niit
cao su cd
gin
dng

C. 2-metylpent-3-en
D.
3-etylbut-2-en
GV nhan xet ke't qua bai lam ciia 2
HS
d^
cho HS khac nit kinh nghiem.
HS 1: Diing
sodd
sau:
R.
C
=
R,
^
R,
R4
Dieu kien: R,
+ Rj R3
+
R4
+ Ddng phan cis: Khi mach chfnh
nim
ciing mdt phfa cua lien ke't C=
C.
+ Ddng phan trans: Khi mach chinh nam b
phfa khac nhau cua Hen ket
C=
C.
Vf du:

nhan xet vd tfnh tan va mau sac cua
anken.
HS thao
luain lin
lugt
tra Idi
cac
cau
hoi
ciia GV, rut ra nhan xet:
- Trang thai:
+ 3 anken dau la chat khf.
+ Cac anken khac la
chit
long hoac
rSn.
-
t°nc,
t^s
va khdi lugng
ridng
tang theo
chieu tang ciia phan
tit
khd'i.
- Anken nhe hon nudc.
2.
Tinh tan vd mdu sac
HS nghien
ciiu

lidn ke't doi (mot lien ke't a ben vung va
mot lien ke't
Tt
kem ben).
- Lien ke't doi du doan la trung
tim
phan
ung.
- Phan
ung
pha
v&lien
ke't
%
kem ben.
Cgng
hidro
HS thao luan.
- Phan ung cong la phan ling trong
do phan tur hgp cha't
hiiu
co ket hop
vdi phan tii khac tao thanh phan tii
14
- Neu
didu
kien de xay ra
phan iing
c6ng H2
vao anken, vie't

quit:
-^C„H
•n^^2n+2
(San
phim
thu dugc la ankan)
GV lam thf nghiem :
Din
tiir
tit
khf etilen (tiir
tiii
dung khi)
vao dung dich brom, yeu
ciu
HS quan
sat giai thfch hien tugng
bing
phuong
trinh
hoa hgc.
GV hirdng
din
HS giai thfch
hien
tugng.
GV yeu
ciu
HS neu ung dung ciia
phan ling anken vdi brom.

1,2-dibrometan
Ung dung: De phan biet anken vdi ankan
do ankari kh6ng lam mat mau dung dich
brom b dieu kien thudng.
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK.
-
Kd^t
luan etilen cdng clo tao thanh chat
long
dang
diu,
kh6ng tan trong nudc, ap
suit
trong dng nghiem
giam
lam cho
nudc ding
len.
- Vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc.
—^ CH2CI-CH2CI
1,2-dicloetan
CH2=CH2 + C1
- Phuong trinh tdng
quit:
15
anken vdi halogen, san
ph^m
tao

V^''
I
I
H A
(2)
Yeu
ciu
HS nhan xet ve:
- Phan ling xay ra qua bao nhieu giai
doan.
- Kieu phan cat phan
tit
H-A.
- Do ben ciia cacbotion trung gian.
-
Phin
tii nao
tin
cong vao ndi doi
trudc.
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc:
CH2-CH2
+ HBr
-> CH3-CH2-Br
etyl
bromua
CH2=CH2 + HC1 -^ CH3-CH2-CI
etyl clorua
CH2=CH2
+

16
hgc cua phan
iing
etilen
c6ng
nudc.
dun ndng), anken cd the cgng nudc.
^^^CH3-CH2-OH
etanol
CH,=CH,+H,0
c) Hudng cua phdn
iing
cgng axit
vd nUdc
vdo anken
GV vie't so dd phan
iing
cgng cua
propen
vdi
HCl.
1-CH3—CH2—CH2—Cl
1-
clopropan
HS quan sat, thao
lUIn
va tra
Idi.
CH,-CH=CH,+
'-€H3-(J:H-CH3

Trudng hgp nao diing cho quy tac
Phan ling giua propilen vdi HBr chp 2
san
phim:
1-
clopropan la san
phim
phu.
2-
clopropan la san phim. chinh.
Quy tac Mac-cop-nhi-cdp:
Trong
phdn iing
vdi cgng HA hoac nudc vdo lien kit doi,
nguyen tic H (hay phdn mang dien tich
duong) uu tien cgng vdo
nguyen
tit C bdc
thap hon (cacbon cd nhieu hidro
hen),
con
A (phdn mang dien tich dm) Uu tien cgng
vdo nguyen
tii:
C bqc cao hon (cacbon co it
hidrO
hon).
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc.
CH3-C=CH2+ H2e
CH

GV yeu
ciu
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK rdi
tra
Idi
cac
cau
hdi sau:
- Vie't phuong trinh phan
iing
triing
hgp etilen.
- Neu y nghia ciia cac dai lugng.
- Tiir dd
riit
ra khai niem phan
iing
trung hop,
each
ggi ten.
Dap an C.
Hoqt dqng 4
4. Phdn dng trung hqp
HS nghien
ciiu
SGK va thao luan
- Tuong tu yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh
triing hgp cua propilen va but-2-en.

^
(-9H-9H-)„
CH3
CH3
polibutilen
propilen
nCH,-CH=CH-CH,
18
Hoqt dqng 5
5.
Phdn dng oxi hod
a) Phdn ifng oxi
hod
hoan todn
GV lam thf nghiem ddt chay etilen
trong khong khf yeu
ciu HS
nhan xet:
- Mau nggn
lia.
- San
phim
tao thanh.
-Viet phuong trinh phan
iing
chay
cua etilen.
- Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc chay
tdng
quit

oxi hod khong hodn todn
GV lam thf nghiem:
Sue
khf etilen
vao dung dich
KMn04 (1)
yeu
ciu
HS:
- Neu hien tugng.
- Giai thfch.
- Ung dung cua phan
iing.
GV tuong tur yeu
ciu
HS vie't phuong
trinh hoa
hgc
cua anken vdi dung
dich
KMn04.
GV: Ggi y HS viet phuong trinh hoa
hgc tdng quat.
HS quan sat thi nghiem.
Hien tuqng: Dung dich
KMn04
mau tfm
bi nhat
din,
cd ket tua

2Mn02-l
+ 2K0H
I
2
I
2 2
OH OH
-
LSig
dung de
phin
biet anken vdi
ankan.
HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc tdng
quit.
3C„H2„
+
4H2O
+
2KMn04 -^
3C„H2„(OH)2
+
2Mn02i
+ 2K0H
19
DIEU CHE
vA UNG
DUNG
Hoqt
dqng 6

dieu che' anken
trong
cong nghiep va
vie't
phucmg
trinh hoa hgc minh hoa.
HS thao luln.
-
SO2,
CO2
la oxit axit nen diing mdt
bazo manh nhu dung dich NaOH.
-
Hdn hgp khf trudc khi thu
din
qua
binh dung dung dich NaOH.
HS thao luan
each
lip
dung cu dugc lap
nhu hinh sau:
HS trong cong nghiep anken dugc dieu
che'
ixt
ankan bang phugng phap.
-
De hidro hoa ankan:
QH
2n

20
len
man hinh cho HS quan sat (hoac
cho HS nghien
ciiu
SGK).
Yeu
ciu
HS khai
quit
hoa
iing
dung
cua anken, viet phuong trinh hoa hgc
minh hoa (ne'u cd).
- Nguyen lieu cho tdng hgp hoa hgc.
Vf du: axit
hiiu
co, keo
din
Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
2CH2=CH2
+
O2
Ag,t°
-^ 2CH2 — CH2
Hoqt
CLING CO
BAI
-

De nhan bie't
CH4
va
C2H4
ta dung
dung dich nao sau day:
A. NaOH C. HCl
B.KMn04
D.CUSO4
-
Tdng hgp polime. vf du
nCH2=CH2 -^
(-CH2-CH2-)„
-Lam dung mdi
dqng 7
-BAITAPVENHA
HS thao luan.
Dap dn
C.
HS thao luan.
Ddp dn B.
2.
Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9,10
(SGK)
21
D.
HU6NG
DAN
GIAI BAI TAP SGK

(dac)
-^ CH,-pi-CHj
H*,t°
OSO3H
->
CH,-CHOH-CH,
d)
CH3-CH=CH2
+
H2O
e)
3CH3-CH<H2
+
2KMn04 + 4H2O -^ 3CH3-CHOH-CH2OH
+
2KOH +2Mn02
g)
nCH3-CH=CH2
' .p
f-CH-CH,
I
'
CH,
J
3.
b) Triing hgp isobutilen
nCH,=
CH,
-CH,
t".p

C„H2„ + Br2 ^ C„H2„Br2
0,02 0,02
vay
ta cd: (14n + 160) x 0,02 = 4,32
=>
n
=
4. Cong thiic phan tur la
C4Hg.
Vi ankan thu duoc la mach nhanh, do dd CTCT cua olefin la:
CH,=C-CH,
CH3
(2-metylpropen)
22
A, :
CH2=C-CH2-CH3
CH3
A2:
CH3-
C=CH-CH3
CH3
A3:
CH3-CH-CH=CH2
CH,
: 2-metylbut-l-en
: 2-metylbut-2-en
: 3-metylbut-l-en
Al,
A2
va

0,ln
-> nC02
+
nHjO
0,ln
a) 0,ln + 0,ln =
0,6=^n
=
3
CTCT ciia ankan la
C3H8
(m = 44g/mol), CTCT :
CH3-CH2-CH3;
CTCT ciia ankan la
C3H6
(m
=
42g/mol), CTCT :
CH2=CH-CH3.
0,1,44 + 0,1.42
, , ,
,
^
. 43
, ,„
b)M,H= \ ,
,4.
=4,3g/mol->d,,/,,
=—=1,48
0,1 + 0,1