HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH VIẾT & BÀI LUẬN MẪU

MÔN TIẾNG ANH
(ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA) TP. HỒ CHÍ MINH 2

Mục lục
I – PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM CÂU TỰ LUẬN TRONG ĐỀ THI TIẾNG ANH
1. Các chủ đề thường găp trong yêu cầu viết đoạn văn?
2. Phương pháp làm dạng bài viết đoạn văn trong đề thi THPT quốc gia
a) Cấu trúc & cách triển khai một đoạn văn viết bằng tiếng Anh:

và không tự làm khó mình, khi thi các em nên sử dung cách viết với câu chủ đề là câu
đầu tiên.
Khi đã có câu chủ đề, ta phải tìm ý để có thể triển khai ý chính. Việc tìm ý
không quá phức tạp. Thí sinh chỉ cần tự đặt ra những câu hỏi liên quan đến câu chủ
đề sau đó tự trả lời chúng. Những câu hỏi này thường bắt đầu bằng các từ nghi vấn
(question words) như What, When, Where, Why, How. 4

Những câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi trên sẽ được sử dụng như supporting
sentences (các câu văn chứng minh, diễn giải ý chính trong câu chủ đề).
Khi đã có các supporting sentences, người viết chỉ cần ráp nối chúng lại thì sẽ
có một đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh. Tuy nhiên, mấu chốt ở công đoạn này là các em phải
biết sắp xếp các câu văn theo một trật tự nhất định chứ không phải "có gì viết nấy".
b) Cách sắp xếp supporting sentences trong một đoạn văn
Tùy theo đề bài, người viết có thể sắp xếp supporing sentences theo 1 trong các
trật tự dưới đây:
1/ Từ các chi tiết quan trọng nhất đến ít quan trọng nhất.
2/ Từ các chi tiết ít quan trọng nhất đến chi tiết quan trọng nhất (ngược với
cách 1).
3/ Theo trật tự thời gian (cái gì xảy ra trước kể trước, cái gì xảy ra sau kể sau).
4/ Theo trình tự của công việc phải làm (ví dụ như bạn đang hướng dẫn người
khác nấu cơm thì bạn sẽ chỉ họ làm theo các bước: Thứ nhất, lấy gạo bỏ vào nồi. Thứ
hai, vo gạo. Thứ ba, bỏ nồi vào nồi cơm điện (nếu nấu bằng nồi cơm điện). Thứ tư,
cắm phích vào ổ điện. Thứ năm, bật công tắc nấu. Cuối cùng, chờ khoảng 20 đến 25
phút thì cơm chín.
5/ Theo trình tự không gian. Thường trật tự này chỉ được áp dụng trong một
đoạn văn tả quang cảnh/nơi chốn. Ví dụ như đề bài yêu cầu bạn tả góc học tập của
mình.

(hiểu là a peaceful world).
- Các câu văn còn lại là supporting sentences.
- Tác giả sắp xếp supporting sentences theo trật tự từ chi tiết it quan trọng nhất
đến quan trọng nhất (cách 2 theo trật tự đã trình bày ở trên).
- Tác giả không dùng câu kết trong đoạn văn của mình.
- Một số đề thi có thể gặp trong phần tự luận đề thi THPT quốc gia môn Tiếng
Anh: Write about the ideal world in which you would like to live in the year 2020…
3. Các bước làm một bài viết đoạn văn bằng tiếng anh
a) Viết câu chủ đề. (Lưu ý: cần triệt để lợi dụng đề bài để viết thành câu chủ
đề.)
b) Kiểm tra lại câu chủ đề để biết chắc trong câu chủ đề của bạn có topic và
controlling idea. 6

c) Tìm ý để chứng minh/diễn giải ý chính bằng cách đặt các câu hỏi mở đầu
bằng từ nghi vấn. Lưu ý: do độ dài của đoạn văn bị khống chế nên bạn chỉ cần đặt
khoảng 5 câu hỏi là được. Nhớ rằng các câu hỏi phải liên quan đến câu chủ đề.
d) Ráp các câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi của bạn (supporting sentences) lại thành
một đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh. Cần nhớ mấu chốt ở bước này là bạn phải biết chắc mình
đang sử dụng trật tự nào để ráp nối supporting sentences.
e) Cân nhắc có nên viết câu kết hay không. Nếu không chắc chắn thì bỏ qua
bước này.
f) Kiểm tra lại các lỗi chính tả, lỗi ngữ pháp có thể có trong từng câu viết của
bạn. 7


Đề thi thử trường thpt chuyên Sơn Tây – Hà Nội
In about 140 words, write a paragraph about the person you respect most
Sample 1 : A cool teacher
The person I admire most is my grade 4 teacher, Ms. Muir. She was my inspiration.
She was a poet and gave me ideas for my stories. I followed in the footsteps of Ms.
Muir because she was fun and loved reading and writing just as much as I do.
Ms. Muir always gave me guidance, encouragement and a whole lot of
enjoyable things to do in grade four! Also, if something happened that bothered me or
annoyed me, Ms. Muir did the best she could to fix the problem, whatever it was. In
grade four, during Writing Workshop, Ms. Muir encouraged my friend and me to
write a book after we told her our idea . On a previous blog homework in grade 5,
about why Kindree is the best, I wrote a poem. Believe it or not, the idea of writing
that poem was inspired by Ms. Muir and her love of poetry. Ms. Muir was an
awesome teacher who motivated me. I really admire Ms. Muir and she inspires me.
Sample 2: A father
The person I admire most in my life is my dad. He is my role model. My dad takes
me everywhere he goes. My dad is very good at everything. I admire the way he
dresses. I also admire the way he deals with his problems. He takes me to soccer and
stuff like that. He wants me to know everything he knows and even more. Everyone
in my family look up to him. my dad loves helping in the way he can. When I get hurt
or fell sad, he shows me the way out. Whenever I break my glasses, he fixes
them. My dad always has good listening ears and I can talk to him about
everything. He always gives good advice. I will always love my dad, a good
inspiration.

Đề thi thử thpt quốc gia môn tiếng anh trường Chuyên Đại học Vinh 9


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learn from anywhere, teachers can easily reach their students from anywhere.
Secondly, technology is helping to change education in a positive way; it is part
of the modern world. Technology for education is improving grades for students
and it prepares them for the future. Technology has several advantages, but
teachers who will personally oversee students cannot be replaced. It is impossible to
walk away from technology as it has already penetrated the society, particularly the
process of acquiring education.

Trường thpt chuyên đại học sư phạm Hà Nội (lần 3)
Write a paragraph about life in the future. You should write at least 80 words.
Life will change in many ways in the future. First of all, technology will improve our
lives. If any people wanted to read a newspaper they had to go to store and buy a
newspaper then they could read it but now if any body wants to read a newspaper,
they don't have to go to a store, they can go to internet and they can read a newspaper
online. The technology will make people‟s life easier on the other hand it will make
them lazy. Secondly, schools will be more different from present in the future. For
example in the past there was no computers in schools but now in there are a lot of
computers in schools. Maybe robots will be teachers and they will explain them if
students don't understand something. The next point is that people are going to
change. For example: Now in present we have to do all work in our house but in
future robots are going to do everything. They are going to clean the house, and cook.
They going to do everything that you need to do in your home. Now you have to
drive your car but in the future you don't need to do it because there will be flying
cars. In addition, new medicine will be discovered and it will save a lot of people‟s
lives. The medicine will cure the Aids virus and cancer so people will live longer and
healthier. I think life in the future will be different from present because of new
technology. Technology will be more advance in future, which will make people‟s

active, they are and this will definitely make the world better.
Đề thi thử thpt quốc gia môn tiếng anh trường Đông Hà Quảng Trị
You should spend about 30 minutes writing a paragraph.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 1
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'Parents are the best teachers.'
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. You should give reasons
for your answer using your own ideas and experience. Write at least 250 words.
There are many ways for a child to get knowledge and to become a good member of
the society. Lots of people used to think that school is the best way to educate
children, but nowadays they have changed their mind. In my opinion, parents are the
best teachers because they are those who understand their children most, they are
always beside their children, and parents usually try to be good examples for their
children to follow.
First of all, nobody can understand the children better than the parents do. They
watch over their children from the early time, so they know what their son or
daughter is thinking exactly, and what their characters or behaviors are. Because
of that, if the children make any mistakes, parents can more easily realize reasons and
correct them on time. After knowing what has been wrong with the children, parents
then give useful advice to them. It is the best way to teach and to explain what is
right and what is wrong, what can be done and what cannot. Thanks to their advice,
the children can become more mature and stable. Secondly, parents are always beside
their children at any time. In life, there will be moments that a person falls into
difficulties or distress and it is parents who are always worried and take care of
them, make them more optimistic about life.
Moreover, the children’s personality can be best formed when they spend more time

books; but that is hardly enough to make the teacher's lessons interesting to pupils. A
good teacher must therefore read many other books.
Secondly, as a teacher, I have to speak well so that my pupils will be able
to understand my instructions well. In this way I can improve my powers of
expression. Even my pronunciation of word s will improve to great extent.
Further, as a teacher, I shall have enough leisure to read and prepare for various
examinations. It is possible today to sit for many important examinations by
studying entirely at home. Thus, I can acquire important qualifications. 1
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Finally, as a teacher I will be respected as an educated person. People will assume
that I have certain qualifications and show their regard for me and the opinions that I
express. Thus, I shall be able to live a happy life.
In conclusion, I would like to be a teacher and I will be try my best to make my
dream come true.
Đề thi thử thpt quốc gia môn tiếng anh trường Ngô Quyền Hạ Long –Quảng Ninh
Write a paragraph of about 150 words about how to protect endangered
animals.
Khi viết bài học sinh cần chú ý:
- Đoạn văn phải bao gồm ba phần chính: Opening: Dẫn dắt và đưa ra câu chủ đề
(topic sentence); Body: Triển khai ý; Conclusion: Đưa ra câu kết luận ( nhắc lại ý của
topic sentence )
- Chú ý cách dùng từ, cấu trúc câu, thì của động từ. Và thường với những bài viết
luận như này, chúng ta sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn giản.

the future generations. Besides these, governments should enact laws to ban
activities that can damage or destroy the nature. If these measures are taken,
our planet might be a peaceful and beautiful place for all kinds of beings to live in.

Đề thi thử thpt quốc gia môn tiếng anh trường Nguyễn Công Phương- Quảng Ngãi
Write a composition of about 140 words on the following topic. Good books are good
teacher and friends.
Sample 1:
When I read a book, I am swept away into my own little world discovering
new things and imagining places only I can see. It is a private dialogue between the 1
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author and me. There is no one to criticize or question me. I can read the book at my
own speed and savor it every moment. Books offer us the world.
We can learn about history, geography, famous and interesting people and
different countries. It is the cheapest form of travel that I know! I love to read a
variety of authors and learn about new ideas and ways of expression. I also try to read
a variety of books, from romance to biographies and everything in between. I
especially like adventure stories because it is in here that I can really put my
imagination to work! There is such a vast amount of information available in books.
From the early ages to our recent years we can continue to learn about a variety of
topics and interests. School textbooks offer us the basics for learning how to learn-
from math to science, from language to arts. Recently, my father and brother were
interested in building a new table and chairs for our family's dinning room. Neither
one of them is a carpenter. So how did they do it, your might ask? They bought a
book that showed them how! A good book truly merits respect whether it is a "how-
to" book, a good novel or a school textbook.

human beings. It is high time we must take some measures to protect
endangered animals. Firstly, we should educate people from the young age about the
importance of wild animals in maintain the ecosystem and biodiversity. Young
people should be educated how to protect our environment in general and how to
protect endangered animals in particular. This should be included in their
curriculum at school. Secondly, the governments all over the world should set
up national parks and wild-life preserves as many as possible. Thanks to these
places, animals will have a suitable habitat to survive and good conditions to grow
and multiply. There they can be kept in a natural and safe environment. Last but
not least, each nation must enforce stricter law with more serious punishment-
capital punishment, for example- to prevent people from poaching rare and valuable
animals. In general, each of us has the responsibility for protecting and saving
endangered species before it is too late.
2/ In the past several decades, the status of women has been greatly improved.
People’s concept also has changed dramatically. The meaning of women's role is
a part of function assumed in life. Nowadays, women play an important part 1
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in modern society. Many women are going into professions, such as medicine,
law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in businesses and
factories. In addition, they are working up to important positions which used to be
held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely be
women. Clearly, women are making outstanding contributions to the progress
of modern society. This essay show that women had great change of their
society role in the past several years and also this change have positive effects on
women such as women can gain good education, have fair opportunity on job market,
increase position at home. In conclusion, women's role is becoming more and

sky and water, and the splendid country surroundings which looked like an artist’s
painting. We put on our bathing-suits and ran into the water. It was a very happy
swim for me. We played ball, challenged each other in swimming a certain distance.
Of course, I was always beaten by my bigger brothers but I was satisfied with my
good effort. When we felt tired, we lay down on the beach to rest and to have some
sunbath. At about noon, we returned to our tent and had lunch. About 3 p.m. we went
once more into the water and swam till 5 p.m. Finally, we got ready to start for home.
Everyone was delighted to have spent such a wonderful swim. I really enjoyed
swimming very much.

Phần B: 47 bài luận văn tham khảo
1. TOPIC: Do we really need to have a good boss?
Even though job situations can be very different, there are several qualities
that all good supervisors have in common. A good boss treats all her employees
fairly. She doesn't single out one employee for better (or worse) treatment than the
others. A poor supervisor has favorites.
Sometimes she'll even use her favorites to spy on other employees. She expects
them to tell her what the others are saying about her. This can cause a lot of bad
feelings among employees. A good supervisor gives clear and understandable
directions, She doesn't constantly change her mind about what she wants employees
to do. She also doesn't get angry with an employee who is confused and needs her to
explain the directions again or more fully. Delegating authority well is another
quality of a good supervisor. She knows how to use the skills of her employees to best
advantage. A poor supervisor insists on doing everything herself. She is unwilling to
give any authority to others.
concerts. There are a lot of restaurants with different kinds of food. It's easy to see
every new movie that comes out. Children in the country don't have a lot of these
activities nearby.
All in all, I think a childhood in the city is better because it prepares you more
for what real life is like.

3. TOPIC: What are the factors to enable a longer life?
With the development of human society, people are living longer now. Many
factors interacting together enable the longer life. There are three most important 2
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causes: the quality of food has been greatly improved; people could have medical
services; more and more people realize that regular sports benefit their health.
The improving quality of our food is the most important factor of the longer
life. We could have not only enough food as we want, but also the healthier food.
When we preparing food, we no longer consider the cost, but pay more attention to
the nutritions of the food. With the development of transportation systems, inland
people now could also enjoy seafood and tropical fruit.
Furthermore, governments are paying more and more money on medical
establishments. Citizens could have medical services more easily. Because of the
convenient medical service more illnesses could be detected at an earlier stage. Also,
many illnesses that had been considered fatal could be cured today. The better
detection and cures enable people's longer life.
Last but not least important is that people care more for their own health.

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25. TOPIC: Media are said to affect us different ways. Discuss the matter in a
composition.
I think the media pay too much attention to the private lives of famous people.
Television, newspapers, magazines and web sites dig up all kinds of past bad actions.
They say that these are true reflections of a person's character. This may be true if
they occurred only a few years before, but some of these are things people did as
teenagers. People in their forties are expected to explain something they did when
they were fifteen. If they killed someone, obviously that's more than a youthful
mistake. Usually, though, these incidents involve experiments with drugs or being
reckless in a car. They're not something that the public needs to know.
The media love to say that the public has a right to know. That's not true. We
don't need to know if a movie star or politician has had an extramarital affair. That is
something of concern only to the people involved. We do need to know if someone
we're electing to public office has been involved in shady business deals, but we don't
need to know if he or she defaulted on a loan twenty years ago.
It seems the media dig up these facts without giving thoughtful consideration to
what might happen. It has an effect on the celebrity's family, especially the children.
A celebrity's good name and credibility may be ruined before he or she can prove
that rumors are false. If a case goes to court, paying a lawyer can use up all their
money. Even if it doesn't come to that, they may find their career ruined.
When are we, the public, going to make it clear to the media that we're tired of
having to watch this kind of thing on the news? Wouldn't it be better if they would
concentrate on more important issues?

6. TOPIC: Man is the main factor to worsen the Earth.
People have been living on the Earth for thousands of years. Human activity

the Earth will become a better place to live with our ceaseless efforts.

7. TOPIC: Human are said to greatly benefit from destroying their environment.
Do you really think so?
The quality of human life has improved greatly over the past few centuries, but
Earth is being harmed more and more by human activity. As we develop our
technology, we demand more from our planet. Eventually, this will harm people as
well.
Our planet gives us everything we need, but natural resources are not endless.
Strip mining devastates whole regions, leaving bare and useless ground.
Deforestation removes old growth trees that can't be replaced. Too much fishing may
harm fish populations to the point where they can't recover. We are too careless in
taking what we want without giving anything back.
There are more people than ever, living longer than ever. So is it any surprise
that many areas suffer from too much development? Anyone living in or near a city
has experienced "urban sprawl." There is a new shopping area on every corner and
new houses, townhouses and apartments everywhere. Traffic gets worse and worse
because planners can't keep up with growth.
Keeping up with human demand is hard enough. Environmental concerns
come in last. With growth comes pollution. Companies and communities dump waste
into water. Landfills are full of trash. Emissions from factories pollute the air.
Barrels of industrial waste and worse, radioactive waste, have no safe place to go. If
we're not careful, we can harm our planet beyond repair.
People need to respect the Earth and try to preserve it. If we don't, what kind
of future will we have?

8. TOPIC: Saving energy is saving our earning.
When faced with the decision of saving your money for some time in the future
or enjoying your money when you earn it, quite a few would claim to enjoy their


audiences feel refreshed and excited. You can appreciate all the programs through
your own eyes not though the square glass screen.
There are many other audiences as well as you sitting there and watching the
performance which makes you feel accompanied. And you can communicate with
others about what you have just seen or thought. This gives you an opportunity to
express your opinion. And you know you are not alone then.
Going to see the performance out of your house is also good to your body. For
you may have a walk after the activity even go to a good bar and find something to
drink. You can also see some friends after the show. Though I am not very sure about
others I will commonly do such things after a concert. It makes me feel great.
So, to take part in a living show is my favorite choice. Instead of watching TV I
would like to have some performance publically. It is better than the program in TV I
think.
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510. TOPIC: Airlines have changed the ways we travel. Do you think so?
An airplane is a form of transportation that has changed people's lives. Thanks
to the plane, our lives are now faster, more exciting, and more convenient that
before.
You cannot deny that a plane is fast. For example, the Concorde flies at
supersonic speed. A businessman can leave Paris at 11 a.m. in the morning and
arrive in New York at 8 a.m. the same morning in time for a day's work. Many
business people in Europe will fly to London for a noon meeting and then return
home to Rome or Madrid for dinner.
It is always exciting to take a plane trip. When you take a trip by plane, you