NGUYEN TUYENH A

CAC DANG fillN HiNH VA
PHJdNG PHAP GIAI NHANH BAI TAP TRAC NGH||M

I

Ji
1
BIEN SOAN THEO CHUDNG TRINH MCJI
DANH CHO HQC SINH BAN CO BAN VA NANG CAO

ON LUYEN THI TU TAI, DAI HQC VA CAO DANG

rH(i V!EN TINHBiNH THU-V^

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC QUOC GIA TP. H OCHI MINH


CAC

DANG

O I E N HINH VA
BAI

PHl/dNG

P H A P GIAI

NHANH

Chiu track nhiem xudt bdn

TS H U Y N H BA L A N
T6 chiic bdn thao vd chiu track nkiem vi tac

quyin

DOAN V A N K H A N U
Bien tap

NGUYEN T H I NGOC H A N
S^a bdn in

T H A N T H I HONG

+ Phan I I : Cac phiicfng phap giai bai tap trac nghiem
+ Phan I I I : Gidi thieu 05 de t h i thuf Tu t a i va 06 de t h i thuf Dai hoc
de cac em thijf siJc minh.
Cac de t h i thuf mang tinh he thong day du cau hoi l i thuyet va hki
tap. Sau do cac em tham khao ddp an de rut kinh nghiem trong k i t h i
sSp tdi nham dat ket qua nhuf mong doi. Chiing toi h i vong cuon sdch
nay la tai lieu tham khao hCJu ich giup cac em ren luyen k i nSng,
nang cao kien thiJc cua minh va dat ket qua tot nhat trong k i t h i
T U T A I - D A I HOC - CAO DANG s^p t d i . Mac du rat co g^ng de bign
soan nhuhg vdi thcfi gian c6 han chac ch^n van cbn nhufng khiem khuyet.
Tac gia rat mong nhan dacfc sir gop y xay diTng cua dong nghi?p, doc gid
gan xa de nhufng Ian sau tai ban se duac hokn thien hdn.
Tac gid

DIEM KHANH

A P D^JNG
CACH TiNH NHANH
C a c h tinh nhanh so dong phan ciia:
- Ancol no, dctn chiiCc
- Andehit

dcfn chvCc, no

- Axit cacboxylic

(CnH2„0):

dcfn chiic, no

- Este no, dcfn chtic
- Ete darn chiic, no

(C„H2n02):

(1

n < 6)

(n-2)(n-3)
2

(2


ta luon c6

2M + 2nHCl ^ 2MC1„+ nHg

n„. = 2. n^^

J

De tinh khoi luong muoi thu diTcfc thi
•k Dung dich H2SO4: m^^^i

sunfat =

nihSn h(7p

kim loai

+ 96 n,i^

* Dung dich HCI: nimudi dorua = nihSn hgp kim loai + 71 nj,^

H

Cu


BAI

TAP


Ap dung cong thiJc: m^ua-i ciorua

H2

4,03-1,19

+ 96 n„^

^

= 1,04 + 0,03.96 = 3,92 (gam)
Chon dap an A.
B a i 2: Hoa tan het 3,53 gam hon hop A gom ba kim loai Mg, A l va Fe
trong dung dich HCl, c6 2,352 l i t k h i hidro thoat ra (dktc) va thu daoc
dung dich D. Co c a n dung dich D, thu difdc m gam h6n hop muoi
k h a n . T r i so ciia m la:
B. 10,985 gam

C. 11,195 gam

Hitdng dan gidi
nn^so, = 0,25.0,5 = 0,125 mol =^ n^,, = 0,125 . 2 = 0,25 mol
n„. = 0,25 mol

=> tong so mol H* = 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5 mol

thuTc: m m u e i doma = nihSn iwp kim loai

q


0,5 mol

PU:

0,35
A. 12,405 gam

D. 1,792 l i t .

Hii&ng dan gidi

n „ . - - | | f = 0,03(mol)
Ap dung

C. 0,896 l i t .

= 5,35 + (0,125.96) + (0,25.35,5) = 26,225 gam

Chon dap an B
+ 0,1

. 71

= 9,27

gam

B a i 6: (DH khoi A.2010): Cho m gam hon hap bot X gom ba k i m loai
Zn, Cr, Sn c6 so mol b^ng nhau tac dung het vdi lirotng diT dung dich


H C l loang, nong t h u dugc dung dich Y
k h i Ha- Co can dung dich
Y t h u dtfdc 8,98 gam muoi k h a n . Neu cho m gam h o n hop X tac
dung hoan toan v d i O2 (du) de tao hon hop 3 oxit t h i the t i c h k h i

A. 49,09%.

Pu:

0,475

Sau pir:

0,025mol

B. 50,91%.
Hiiofng dan

C. 40,91%.

D. 59,09%.

gidi

Liiu y: K i m loai tac dung v d i m o t chat nao do ma sinh ra
le mol giufa k i m loai va H2 luon b^ng hod tri kim log,i chia 2

y mol

->

- H2
2

—>


2

dan

D . 7.

n„^o, = 0.25 . 0,5 = 0,125 m o l => n,j. = 0,125 . 2 = 0,25 m o l

3

"oj = 2 ' ' ^ 4 ^ ^ ' ' ' ^ 2,25x = 0,045 m o l

mol

0,1

Cho m gam hon hop M g , A l vao 250ml dung dich

nhau va bang x

X

y =

dung dich Y. Coi the tich dung dich khong doi. Dung dich Y c6 p H 1^

- Goi so m o l m o i k i m loai la x (mol) t h i :

Al

Sau p h a n iJng a x i t diT H *

0,2375 m o l

I

0,025
0,25

= 0,1M

p H = - l o g [H^^ =1
Chon dap a n A
B a i 9: (De KB.2007): Cho 1,67 gam h o n hop 2 k i m l o a i d 2 chu k y ke
tiep nhau thuoc n h o m I I A tac dung het v d i dung dich H C l d i i , t h o a t
r a 0,672 l i t k h i H2 (dktc). H a i k i m loai do l a (Be = 9,Ca = 4 0 , M g = 24,
^ Sr = 87,Ba = 137)
A . M g va Ca.

B. Ca va Sr.

C. Sr va Ba.

D. Be va M g .


Hiictng dan

gidi



H C l I M va H2SO4 0,5M t h u dMc

dung dich B va 4,368 Ht

H2(dktc). P h a n t r S m k h o i laong M g va A l t r o n g X tucfng ufng la
A . 3 7 , 2 1 % M g va 62,79% A l .

B. 62,79% M g va 3 7 , 2 1 % A l .

C. 45,24% M g va 54,76% A l .

D . 54,76% M g va 45,24% A l .

Bai

khd c6 the la NO2 (nhan

muoi nitrat =

BAI TAP VAN

B ^ i nay l a m tifcfng t i f bai

Bai

lOe), NH4NO3 (nhan
H I k i m loai

3e), N2O

A p dung cong thuTc: m musl nitrat = m kim loai + molspk-so e n h a n . 6 2
= 1,86 + 0,025.8.62 = 14,26 gam

V a y m c6 gia t r i :
B. 61,63 (g)
HUdng

C. 63,65 (g)
dan

D. 63,61 (g)

Chon dap a n D
Bai

gidi

m,,„c, = 1000.1,19 = 1190 ( g ) ; n „ c , = 3,65.1 = 3,65

2: Hoa t a n hoan toan 9,94 gam h o n hop X gom A l , Fe, Cu t r o n g

lugng du dung dich HNO3 t h u dugc 3,584 l i t k h i N O duy n h a t (dktc).
(mol)

T o n g k h o i lugng muoi k h a n tao t h a n h l a :
A. 39,7gam

Zn + 2HC1 ^ ZnCl2 + H2

B. 29,7gam

Bai nay gidi tuang tii bai 2.

B a i 6: (BH khoi B.2008): Cho 2,16 gam M g tAc dung vdi dung dich
HNO3 (du). Sau khi cac phan iJng xay r a hoan toan, thu duoc 0,896 lit
NO (d dktc) va dung dich X. Khoi luong muoi khan thu diTOc khi lam
bay hoi dung dich X la
A. 8,88 gam

B.13,92 gam

C. 6,52 gam

D.13,32 gam

Hii&ng dan gidi

B a i 4: Hoa tan hoan toan 13,68 gam hon hdp X gom A l , Cu, Fe bSng
dung dich HNO3 loang, diX thu diroc 1,568 lit khi N2O (dktc) va dung

n^g = 246 : 24 = 0,09 (moDin^o - 0,896 : 22,4 = 0,04 (mol)

dich chuTa m gam muoi. Gia tri cua m la.

Cdch 1:

A. 48,40 gam.

B. 31,04 gam.

C. 57,08 gam.

m = 0,09. 148 + 0,0075.80 = 13,92 (gam) ^ chon B.
Cdch 2: Diia vao dinh luat bao toan electron

ufng la
A. 0,12.

B. 0,14.

C. 0,16.

D. 0,18.

HiCdng ddn gidi

Mg

2e

0,09

2.0,09

-

Mg^2

N

+5



^ H N O j (pu oxi ho4 - khut)

^NO

A. 153,0 gam.

B. 95,8 gam.

C. 88,2 gam.

Hii&ng ddn gidi

Mat khac:
HHNO^ (pu o t ^ n g oxiu =

( cho

n H N o , ,pu ox, ho. - uha, = 3.n^o

( Do

H^O);

N^^ —

+ 3nf^o+ n^o =

i^so,
^

'^HNOj ~

0,04

Khoi lirong muoi khan thu dtfoc khi lam bay hoi dung dich X la

Bao toan khoi liTOng:

^

3.0,04
8.x

So mol electron dLfOc bao to^n

0.672 (l)«5|^=0,03(mol)

^ ' l a ^

N^2(N0)

-

HI kjn, loai

'^^m

+ molgpk.SO

6

k i m loai

" molspk-SO

muoi nitrat

G

nhan.62
gam

A. 0,03 va 0,01

B. 0,06 va 0,02

C. 0,03 va 0,02

D . 0,06 va 0,01
Hiicfng ddn

Au

1. Cho 3,84 gam Cu p h a n iJng v d i 80 m l dung dich H N O 3 I M t h o d t r a

->

0,02

M hoa t r i 2 vifa du vao dung dich c h d a H N O 3 va H2SO4 va dun n o n g ,



n c „ = ^
b4

gidi

• Ni/dc CLfdng toan l a t i le 3 : 1 giufa H C l va H N O 3

ThUc h i e n h a i t h i n g h i e m :

TNI:

K h i h o a t a n hoan toan 0,02 m o l A u b a n g

ntfdc cudng toan t h i so m o l H C l p h a n i l n g va so m o l N O (san p h a m

2007)

A. V 2 = V i .

0,04 m o l

khuf duy n h a t ) tao t h a n h I a n liToft l a

Chon dap a n A

H2SO4

->

V 2 ti/ong urng v d i 0,04 m o l N O .

H M O = ^ ^ ^ = 0,32mol
"""^
22,4
A p dung cong thiJc:

0,06

>3Cu^* + 2NO^ + 4 H 2 O

^ 1^344 ^
22,4

n^^_ = 0,08 m o l

x + y = 0,06

p h a n iJng h e t


[ y = 0,01

nimuai = 3 + (0,05 .62 + 0 , 0 1 . - . 2 .96) = 7,06 gam
2
Dap a n B.

B a i 12: Cho 8,3 gam h 5 n hcfp A l va Fe tac dung v d i dung dich H N O 3
loang dtr t h i t h u dircfc 45,5 gam m u o i n i t r a t k h a n . The t i c h k h i N O
(dktc, san p h a m khuf duy n h a t ) t h o a t r a l a :
! A. 4,48 l i t .

B . 6,72 l i t .

C. 2,24 l i t .

D . 3,36 l i t .


Qua t r i n h khii:

Hiicmg dan giai
Ap dung cong thiJc:
^ DNO =
=>

m musi

nitrat

= ni


. Cu^^ + 2e
2x

X

Al •
y
Ta c6:

N""

0,2

S"^ + 2e

S*^

0,2

0,1

0,1
24x + 27y = 15

fx = 0,4 mol

2x + 3y = l , 4

[y = 0,2 mol


C. 50%; 50%.

D. 44% ; 56%

0,18

Tuang tu bai 14.

0,06

Al'^ + 3e

3y
64x + 27y = l,23
|2x + 3 y - 0 , 0 6


Doi vdi a x i t H C l

C. 50% va 50%.

D. 46% va 54%.

Khoi luong muoi thu duoc la:

HU&ng dan gidi
HMg = X

mol;

M2(S04)„ + nHzO

Cach tmh nhanh cho trie nghi?m

B a i 14: Hoa tan 15 gam hon hop X gom hai k i m loai Mg va A l vao dung

Dat

0,8

2N*^

dich HNO3 dSc, dtr t h i thu duoc 0,896 l i t khi NO2 duy nhat (d dktc).

= M M = 0,06mol (Dat Cu X mol, A l y mol)
22,4
Cu


•
m,„„a-i ciorua = n i h o n hop oxit kim loai

+ 27,5 n,,^;,

BAl TAP VAN DgNG

= y mol. Ta c6:

Qud t r i n h oxi ho^: Mg -> Mg^* + 2e

m^^ai ^unfat = m h S n hap o x u k i m loai

Al
y

A l ' " + 3e
3y

B a i 1: Cho 50g hon hop hot oxit kim loai gom ZnO, FeO, Fe203, Fe304,
MgO tac dung het vdi 200ml dung dich H C l 4 M (vCra du) thu duoc
dung dich X. Luong muoi c6 trong dung dich X bSng.A. 79,2g

B. 78,4g

C . 72g

D. 72,9g


-^^

Chon dap an C.
B a i 3: De tac dung vCra du vdi 7,68g hon hop gom FeO, Fe304, FegOs can

dung 260 m l dung dich HCl I M . Dung dich thu diTOc cho tac dyng vdi
NaOH du, ket tua thu Auac mang nung trong khong khi den khoi
iLfOng khong doi duoc m gam chat r ^ n . Gia t r i cua m la:
A.6g
B. 7g
C.8g
D.9g

oxit k i m loai + HCl
nnc. =
2H^

0,26

'

Taco:

= 0,03mol .nHci = 0,3.1 = 0,3 mol
2H^

> Hg

0,06


So do hop thufc:
=>

0,13mol

ml

Hii&ng dan

nFe,03

>H20

5 6
=> mpe = 7,68 - 0,13.16 = 5,6 gam => ^fe =
=

= 12 - 0,12.16 = 10,08 gam

B a i 5: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,8 gam hon hop FeO, Fe203 va Fe304 can vCra
du V ml dung dich HCl I M , thu di/oc dung dich X. Cho tii tii dung dich
NaOH dir vao dung dich X thu dugfc ket tua Y. Nung Y trong khong
khi den khoi liiOng khong doi thu dirge 3 gam chat r ^ n . Tinh V?

gidi

> muoi clorua + H 2 O

O'-



0>l"iol

FeaOg

0,1 -> 0,05 mol
=> mp^^o^ = 160.0,05 = 8 gam
Chon dap an C.
B a i 4: Oxi hoa cham m gam Fe ngoai khong k h i sau mot thcJi gian thu
duoc 12 gam hon hop X g6m(Fe, FeO, FezOg, Fe304). De hoa tan het

X, can vCra du 300 ml dung dich HCl I M , dong thdi giai phdng 0,672
Ht khi (dktc). Tinh m?
A.10,08
B.8,96
C.9,84
D.10,64

2H^

+

0,0875
N e n t a l u o n c6:

O 2-

^

>

-

CO2
H2O

= n„^o >

no,t„,„g„,it) = " H ,

nctrongoxit) =

^co

=

^co,

DUNG

B a i 1 : Khijf h o a n t o a n

17,6g


+

^N(NO)

+

^NCNO^)

= 3.0,075 + 0,005 -t- 0,06 = 0,29
n„N03

+

mo = 16 . 0,2 = 3,2

Fe(N03)3

njjfHNo,)

+

NO3-

oxit sat la

FeO

B T N T NitO:



qua A d u n n o n g , k h i d i r a sau p h a n ufng di/gfc d a n vao b i n h d i i n g nirdfc v o i
mol

t r o n g diT, t h u diTcfc l O g k e t t u a t r S n g . K h o i Itfcfng sSt t r o n g A l a :
A. 1 g

mol.

B . 1,1 g

C. 1,2 g

Hi£&ng ddn

C h o n d a p a n C.

D . 2,1 g

gidi

Ca(0H)2 + C O 2 -> CaCOsi + H2O

Dang 3: KHLf CAC GXIT KIM LOAI BANG (CO. C. Ha. Al)

10
=

^ 0 0 ,



=0,1

mol

t r o n g h 5 n h a p A l a : mpe = 2,6 -

16 . 0 , 1 = 1 g.

C h o n dap a n A.
B a i 3: Cho V l i t ( d k t c ) k h i Hg d i qua h o t C u O d u n n o n g , t h u duoc 32 g C u .
N e u cho V l i t H 2 d i qua h o t F e O d u n n o n g t h i ItfOng Fe t h u duoc l a :
A. 24g

B. 2 6 g
HUitng

D i e u k i e n : (M Id kim
-

lo
B. 16g

C. 24 g

D. 26 g.

Hitdng d&n gidi
9
= n„^o

n o d r o n g oxit) =
niO (trong oxit) =

m

kim i o , i

16

. 0,5

=
=

=

"^'^

Sau k h i p h a n ufng xay r a hoan t o a n . t h u d U o c h o n hop chat r ^ n Y va
k h i k h o n g mau Z. Dem can h o n hop rSn Y t h a y k h o i liTOng g i a m 4,8g


qua

ong

d i T n g a (g)

hon

hop

gom

CuO,

Fe.304,

FeO,

nung nong. K h i t h o a t r a duoc cho vao niidc v o l t r o n g du t h a y c6

30g k e t tua t r a n g . Sau p h a n

ufng,

chat rSn t r o n g ong

suf

c6 k h o i luong


'


no - - V

• n„^ = n^hY = 0 , 3 (mol)

"^ol;

Chon dap a n C.

no(irongoxit) = "^co

- 0,3

oxit da b i C lay d i tao CO2.

Fe + 2 H C l ^ Fe + H2

mol

ma = 202 + 0,3.16 = 206,8 g
B a i 6: (CD -2009):

O trong

Pb + 2 H C l - > PbClz + H2

30
"co,

li/Ong

m o

HU&ng dan gidi

nc«co3

2FeO + C — ^ 2 F e + C 0 2

0,84

-b^

56

= 0,15 (mol) =>

mc^co,

= 0,15.100 = 15(g)

Vay dap a n diing la A.
B a i 8: Cho 0,3 m o l Fe^Oy t h a m gia p h a n ufng n h i e t n h o m t h a y tao r a 0,4


=> y = 4 =^ Fe304


B a i 9: Dot chay k h o n g ho^n toan 1 luong sSt da dung h e t 2,24 l i t O2 d
dktc, t h u dtfoc h6n hop A gom cac oxit sat va s^t du. Khuf hoan toan
A bang k h i CO diS, k h i d i r a sau p h a n l i n g duoc dSn vao b i n h difng
n i / d c voi t r o n g d U . K h o i l i i O n g k e t tua t h u dUOc l a :
A. 10 g

B. 20g

C. 30g

D. 40 g

Hiidng ddn giai

B a i 12: Khuf 39,2g m o t h o n hop A gom FegOa va FeO b&ng k h i CO t h u
duoc hon hop B gom FeO va Fe. B t a n vUa du t r o n g 2,5 l i t dung dich
H2SO4 0,2M cho r a 4,48 l i t k h i (dktc). T i n h k h o i luong FezOg va FeO
t r o n g hon hop A.
A. 32g FezOs; 7,2g FeO

B. 16g Fe203; 23,2g FeO

C. 18g FeaOg; 21,2g FeO

D. 20g Fe203; 19,2g FeO.


160x + 72y = 39,2

D.2,24 l i t

J ^ H j = n(hh

kim loai) =

2.24

.

„ ,

= u,i

TCr (1), (2)

,

moi

x = 0,2
,y =

o,i

= 0,lmol

Chon dap a n D.


2,32 g hon hop k i m loai. K h i thoat r a duac dua vao b i n h dung dung
d i c h Ca(0H)2 du t h a y c6 5g k e t tua t r i n g . K h o i lugfng h 5 n hap

B. 3,21g

(g);

Vay dap a n dung la A.

VH^= 22,4.0,1 = 2,24 l i t

A. 3,12g

mp,^o^ = 0 , 2 . 1 6 0 = 32

mp^o = 0,1.72 = 7,2

K h i hoa t a n h 6 n h g p k i m loai vao a x i t t h i :
h h k i m loai

(2)

" 2 x + y = 0,5

Hii&ng dan giai

n„ = n

FeS04 + H2O


K h o i lugng chat r ^ n sau p h a n iJng l a : 45 - 1 6 . - ^ ^ = 39g
Chon dap a n A .
B a i 14: Khuf hoan to^n 17,6 gam hon hgp X gom Fe, FeO, Fe203 can
2,24 l i t CO (or dktc). Klio" lugng sSt t h u dugc la
A. 5,6 gam.

B. 6,72 gam.

C. 16,0 gam.

D . 8,0 gam.


Hii&ng dan

gidi

Hii&ng dan

2 24
K h o i luong chat r a n s a u p h a n ufng l a : 17,6 - 1 6 . - ~ -

K h o i luong nguyen tuf oxi = do g i a m cua chat r ^ n

= 16,0 gam

m = 31,9 - 28,7 = 3,2 g

Chon dap a n C.

F e O + 2e -> F e ^ Fe^* + 2e)

= 26 gam

2W

Chon dap a n B.
B a i 16: D a n tCf t\i V l i t k h i CO (6 dktc) d i qua m o t ong s i l difng lUdng d i i
h o n hop r a n gom CuO, FezOs (d n h i e t do cao). Sau k h i cac p h a n ufng

+ 2e -> H2

Vay so m o l nguyen tuf O = so m o l C O = so m o l H2 = 0,2 m o l
Chon dap a n B.

xay r a hoan t o a n , t h u duoc k h i X. D i n toan bo k h i X d t r e n vao lUOng

C . BAI T A P V A N

diT dung dich Ca(0H)2 t h i tao t h a n h 4 gam k e t tua. Gia t r i cua V la

B a i 1: Cho luong k h i C O d i qua m gam Fe203 dun ndng, t h u di/oc 39,2
gam h 6 n hop gom bon chat r a n la sat k i m loai va ba oxit cua n6,
dong thcfi C O h o n hop k h i t h o a t r a . Cho h 6 n hop k h i nay hap t h u vao
dung dich nudc v o i t r o n g c6 dii, t h i t h u di/Oc 55 gam k e t t u a . T r i so
cua m l a :

A. 1,120 l i t .

B. 0,896 l i t .

=

3,12

C. 64 gam

D. T a t ca deu sai, v i se k h o n g xac d i n h duoc.
B a i 2: Cho luong k h i H2 c6 dif d i qua ong suf c6 chufa 20 gam hon hop A

t r o n g hon hop A l a :

gam

gom

AI2O3, ZnO, FeO va CaO t h i t h u difcfc 28,7 gam hon hgp chat r a n (Y).
Cho toan bo h 6 n hop chat r a n (Y) tac dung v d i dung dich H C l dif t h u
duoc V l i t H2 (dkc). Gia t r i V la

A. 2gam; 18gam

B. 4gam; 16gam

C. 6gam; 14gam

D. 8gam; 12gam.

B a i 3: Cho luong k h i CO (du) d i qua 9,1 gam hon hop gom CuO va AI2O3
nung nong den k h i p h a n ufng hoan t o a n , t h u dUdc 8,3 gam chat r a n .
K h o i luong CuO c6 t r o n g h o n hop ban dau la

C. 2,0 gam.

D. 4,0 gam.


Fe(N03)2 + AgNOa
0,1

Dang 4: KIM LOAI TAG DUNG VOI DUNG DICH MUOl
Ca'^ N a "
F e ' * Ag*

Mg'^ A l ' " Zn'*

Au'*

__

•
Tinh

K

Ca

Na

F e ' * Ag

Au

=

nAgNo,

C r ' * Fe^* N i ' * Sn'* Pb'* Fe^* H * Cu'*

tang
Cu

khvC kim loi^i

gidm

+ Chat khii mg,nh ->

Chat

-

0,3

=

0,2

chufa h o n hop gom AgNOs 0,1M va Cu(N03)2 0,5M. Sau k h i cac p h a n
ufng xay ra hoan t o a n , t h u diTOc dung dich X va m gam chat r a n Y.
Gia t r i ciia m l a .
A. 2,80.



Fe

Dicing bai tap nay can lUu y den quy tdc a

dif

Cho 2,24 gam hot sSt vao 200 m l dung dich

B a i 2: (DH khoi B.2009):

0,01

Fe'* + Cu

mol

Vay muoi gom c6 Fe(N03)3 va AgNOs d i i

Fe

Ddu a cang Ian khd ndng phdn ling xdy ra cdng

0,5

•

oxi hod yeu + Chat khvi yeu
PT: Cu'* + Fe


B a i 1 : Cho O,lmol Fe vao 500 ml dung dich AgNOs I M thi dung dich thu
difOc chufa:

gidi

= 0,06 mol

M g + 2FeCl3

DUNG

MgCl2 + 2 F e C l 2

0,06 -> 0,12 ^

0,12

M g + FeClz ^ MgCl2 + Fe

A. AgNOg

B. AgNOs va Fe(N03)2

0,06

C. Fe(N03)3

D. AgNOa va Fe(N03)3

m = (0,06 + 0,06).24 = 2,88 (g). Chon dap a n C.


Ta c6:

2Fe^^ + Cu^^

B a i 5: (CD - 2009;.- Cho mi gam A l vao 100 ml dung dich gom Cu(N03)2
0,3M va AgNOs 0,3M. Sau k h i cac phan ufng xay ra hoan toan t h i thu
dtfgc m2 gam chat rAn X. Neu cho m2 gam X tac dung vdi lugng du
dung dich HCl t h i thu duac 0,336 l i t k h i (d dktc). Gia t r i cua mi va mg
Ian lUOt la

A. 8,10 va 5,43

B. 1,08 va 5,16

C. 0,54 va 5,16

D. 1,08 va 5,43.

2Ag^

0,1

^

0,2

+


0,03

z:> Tong so mol A l = 0,04(mol) mi = 27.0,04 = 1,08 (g)
=> m2 = mAi + m c u + niAg = 0,01.27 + 0,03.108 + 0,03.64 = 5,43 (g)

Chon dap an D
B a i 6: (DH KA.2008): Cho hon hdp bot gom 2,7 gam A l va 5,6 gam Fe
vao 550 ml dung dich AgNOa I M . Sau k h i cac phan ufng xay ra hoan
toan, thu dufcfc m gam chat r ^ n . Gia t r i cua m la (biet thuf t u trong
day the dien hoa: Fe^VFe^' diJng trUdc AgVAg).
C. 59,4

Fe^*

0,05

Khoi liigfng Ag = 0,55.108 = 59,4 gam
Chon dap an C.
B a i 7: Nhiing mot thanh kem va mot thanh sat vao cung mot dung dich
C U S O 4 . Sau mot thdi gian lay hai thanh k i m loai ra thay trong dung
dich con lai c6 nong do mol ZnS04 hang 2,5 Ian nong do mol FeS04.
Mat khac, khoi li/ofng dung dich giam 2,2g. I ^ o i Itrofng dong bam len
thanh kem va thanh sSt Ian lucft la:
B. 64g; 25,6g

C. 32g; 12,8g

CM(ZnS04) = 2,5CM(FeS04) ^

2AICI3 + 3H2

3x


= 112

B a i 9: N g a m m o t t h a n h Cu t r o n g dung dich c6 chiJa 0,04 m o l AgNOa,
sau m o t t h d i gian lay t h a n h k i m loai ra t h a y k h o i li/dng tSng hdn so
vdfi luc dau la 2,28 gam. Coi toan bo k i m loai sinh ra deu b a m het vao
t h a n h Cu. So m o l AgNOs con l a i t r o n g dung dich la
HUdng

C. 0,02.
dan

D . 0,015.

2x
64x

=

M g + CuCl2

(tan)

gam.

C. 2,43 gam.

D . 4,13

gam.

AgNOa t r o n g dung dich g i a m 25%. K h o i lUcfng cua v a t sau p h a n iJng la
A. 3,24 gam.

B. 1,43 gam.
Hii&ng dan

X = 0,015mol
n^^No^

(b^m) ~

M g + Cu(N03)2 ^ C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 + Cu

2x

108.2X -

A. 1,15 gam.

X

gidi

Cu + 2AgN03 - 4 Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag
X

ban d i u +

B a i 11: Hoa t a n 3,23 gam h o n hgtp gom CuCl2 va Cu(N03)2 vao niTdc
difcfc dung dich X. N h u n g t h a n h k i m loai M g vao dung dich X den k h i


n i v a t sau phan ilng =

(mol)

,
mol;

25
n A . N O 3 < « = 0 , 1 2 . — =0,03 mol.

Goi k i m loai c6 hoa t r i I I do la M c6 k h o i lifcfng m(g)
M + Cu^^ ^

340.6
^^Q^QQ = 0.1^

D . Sn

giai

B. 2,28 gam.

C. 17,28 gam.

D . 24,12

gam.

B a i 12: Ngii6i ta phu m o t Idp bac t r e n m o t vat b ^ n g dong c6 k h o i lifOng

+ Cui
X

64x - 56x = 0,12
X

= 0,015 m o l

Z

gam

Chon dap a n B.
Sau k h i k e t thiic cac p h a n ufng, loc bo p h a n dung dich t h u

duac m gam bot r ^ n . T h a n h p h a n % theo k h o i li/ong cua Zn t r o n g h6n

^cuso,

= 0 , 0 1 + 0,015 = 0,025 m o l

_ 0,025

B a i 13: Cho m gam h o n hcjp hot Z n va Fe vao li/cfng d u dung dich
CUSO4.

Mg2"

X


Zn +

CUSO4

dan

D . 12,67%.

Dang 5 . CDs. SOa T A G D U N G VOl D U N G D|CH K I E M

gidi

A. K I M L O A I K I E M : T O M T A T LI T H U Y E T

1. V i t r i t r o n g b a n g t u a n h o a n , c a u h i n h e l e c t r o n

-> ZnS04 + C u i

X

K i m loai k i e m gom: L i t i ( L i ) , N a t r i (Na), K a l i (K), Rubidi (Rb), Xesi
(Cs), F r a n x i ( F r ) .

X

Fe +

CUSO4

^ FeS04 + C u i

mau

x a n h n h a n t h a y k h o i liicfng k i m loai sau p h a n ufng la 1,88 gam. Gia
t r i cua x la
A . 0,04M.

B. 0,06M.

C. O . I M .

Hii&ng ddn
n i k i m io,i sau phan ling =

1,88

-

1,12

=> Am =0,01.(64-24) = 0,4 gam
n i c b n i a i = 0,52

L i (Z=3) ls'2s* hay [He]2si

-

0,4

=


3. T a c d u n g v d i n\i6c: tao dung dich k i e m va H2
T h i du:

2 N a + 2H2O

2 N a O H + Hgt

H2


C. DANG T O A N CO2 (HOAC SO2) VAO DUNG DICH KIEM NaOH (HOAC
KOH)

I I I . Dieu che:
1. Nguyen tSc: khuf ion kim loai kiem thanh nguyen tur.

C a c pht^ofng trinh xay ra:

2. Phifcfng phap: dien phan nong chay muoi halogen hoSc hidroxit cua
chung.
Thi du: dieu che Na b^ng each dien phan n6ng chay NaCl
PTDP:
B.

MQT

SO

HOP


ehi tao muoi NaHCOg.

B a i 2: Hap thu hoan toan 4,48 l i t khi SO2 (d dktc) vao dung dich chufa
16g NaOH thu dugc dung dich X. Khoi liicfng muoi tan thu duac trong
dung dich X la bao nhieu?
A.20,8g

B.18,9g

2NaCl + CO2T + H2O

Muoi cacbonat cua kim loai kiem trong nadc cho moi triTdng kiem

>2

CO2
+
NaOH ^
NaHC03
0,1 moi
->
0,1 moi
^ii^ico, = 0.1-84 = 8,4 gam.

+ Tac dung v d i axit:
+ Tac dung vdi dung dich bazd:

=2

B a i 1: Sue 2,24 l i t k h i CO2 vao 100ml dung dich NaOH I M , t i n h khoi


San phani

+ Tac dung vdi dung dich muoi:
T h i du:

HCO3-

^NaOH

+ Tac dung vdfi oxit axit: tao mtioi va niidc
T h i du:

(2)

Ta can lap t le

I. Natri hidroxit - NaOH
T h i du:

(1)

Thiic chat ta dung hai pt sau

) 4Na + 2H2O + O2

CHAT QUAN TRQNG

NaHCOa



B a i 3: DSn 10 l i t h 5 n hap k h i gom N2 va C d 2 do or dktc sue vao 2 l i t
dung dich Ca(OH)2 0,02M t h u difgrc I g k e t t u a . T i n h p h a n t r a m theo
the t i c h CO2 t r o n g h 5 n hap k h i .
A.2,24% va 15,68%

B. 2,24%

C. 15,68%

D. 2,24% va 7,84%.
Hitcfng ddn

B a i 5: Cho 6,72 l i t k h i CO2 (dktc) vao 380 m l dd N a O H I M , t h u duac dd "
A. Cho 100 m l dung dich Ba(0H)2 I M vao dung dich A di/ac m gam

giai

k e t tua. Gia t r i m bang:
A. 19,7g

nco^ = n c , c o 3

=Y^ =

B. 15,76g

0,01mol

C. 5 9 , l g


nco, =

-^Q

CO.

TrvLUns hc/p 2:

•

- n^^co^ = 2.0,04 - 0,01 = 0,07mol

n^o^ =

^ 0,07.22,4

^

^

g

^

CO2 + O H X

^

D.55,16g


nwaOH

nKOH

= n ^ , = n^j,, = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 m o l

SO2 + 0 H - - >
X

HSO3

D. 18,3g

y

x + y = 0,3

fx = 0,02

x + 2y = 0,58

[ y = 0,28

B a ' " + CO^-

BaCOsi

0,1


X

C. 12,6g

2y

2y

y

Taco:

C2H6 ^ 2CO2
0,1 - > 0,2mol

x + y = 0,15

fx = 0,1

" x + 2y = 0,2

|y = 0,05

CO2 + N a O H -> NaHCOa
X

X

X



M + 2H^

gam

M^* + H2t

- D o i v d i axit c6 t i n h oxi hod m a n h nhiT HNOs, H2SO4.

gam

-> N"'(N02), N*^(NO), N-^(NH4N03)...

Chon dap a n A.

S^*^ ^ S^'(S02), S-=^(H2S), S°(S).

D. DANG TOAN CO2

(HOAC SO2)

VAO

DUNG DjCH Ca(0H)2 h o g c

Ba(0H)2. KIM LOAI PHAN NHOM CHINH NHOM II
TAT

MSO4 + H z t


a) Vi tri

M(0H)2 +
Ca(0H)2 +

C a + 2H2O

K i m loai p h a n n h o m I I gom:
B e r i (Be); Magie (Mg); Canxi

(Ca);

T r o n g cac chu k i cac nguyen to nay diing l i e n sau k h i loai k i e m .
b) Tinh chdt vat li

- M g day c a c k i m loai hoat dong y e u hcfn r a k h o i dung d i c h muoi
M g + CUSO4 ^

- C a c k i m loai con l a i t a c dung vdi H2O trong dung dich

D i e n p h a n n o n g c h a y muoi halogenua cua chiing

- La k i m loai m e m (mem hon n h o m )

MX2

- K h o i li/Ong r i e n g tiidng doi nho

X : halogen

M^^
T r o n g cac hap chat c^c nguyen to nay c6 so oxi hoa +2.
a) Tdc dung vai phi

kim

2 M 0 ( M la nguyen tut k i m loai)
2CaO

1. C a n x i oxit: CaO
C a x i oxit l a oxit b a z a
- T a c dung m a n h l i e t v d i H2O tao b a z a

C a O + H2O ^

Ca(0H)2


H2t

MgCl2

CaC03

- C a n x i oxit dirge dieu che bkng phijang phap nhiet p h a n muoi cacbonat.
C a C 0 3 — ^ C a O + CO2


5. Nifofc ciJtng

2. C a n x i h i d r o x i t : C a ( O H ) 2

1. Nx^oTc cufng

L a c h a t r S n it t a n t r o n g H2O

Nadc curng la nUdc c6 chura n h i e u ion Ca^*, Mg^*. Nifdc k h o n g chiJa
hoSc chura i t nhOfng ion t r e n , goi la niTdc m e m .

D u n g d i c h C a ( 0 H ) 2 c6 t i n h bazO y e u h o n N a O H
- T a c dung v d i a x i t v a oxit a x i t tao m u o i tUofng ting

Ca(0H)2 + 2HC1 ^
C a ( 0 H ) 2 + CO2 ^

2. P h a n l o a i nvCdc

C a C l a + 2H2O

a) Phuang

phap

hod

hoc

* D o i v d i ntrdc cufng t a m t h d i . Dun nong trUdc k h i dung
Ca(HC0a)2 — ^

C a C O a i + H2O + C 0 2 t

Loc bo chat k h o n g t a n , dirge nifdc m e m
- D u n g Ca(0H)2 v t o du de t r u n g hoa
Ca(HC03)2 + Ca(0H)2

2 C a C 0 a i + 2H2O

Loc bo chat k h o n g t a n dtrgc nude m e m
* D o i v d i nude cufng v i n h cufu va ni/dc cufng t o a n p h a n
Dung dung dich Na2C0a, Na3P04
C a S 0 4 + Na2C03 -> C a C 0 3 i + Na2S04
Ca(HC03)2 + Na2C03 ^ CaCOgi + 2NaHC03


Ca?* + CO3

^ CaC03>l


A. 19,70 g.

B. 17,73 g.

C. 9,85 g.

D. 11,82 g.

Hiidng dan gidi
^Ca(0H)2

Dang

2:

^^^'^

T H I : n^^o^ - nc^co^

nNaoii = " N a * = " o H " " ^ ' ^ ^

T H 2 : n^o^ - 2.nc^,o„)^ -''^c^co^

I n^„. = 0,05 + 0,2 =0,25 mol;

B i e t n^o^,

nc^oH)^

t i m nc^co^


D. 0,03 mol va 0,04 mol.
HiC&ng dan gidi

= 0,02

mol

C O 3 ' " + H2O

y

x + y = 0,2

rx = 0,15

" x + 2y = 0,25

[ y = 0,05

0,05

0,05

Chon dap an C.

A. 0,02 mol va 0,04 mol

=



+ 20H- ^

y

Dang 3: Biet nc^co^. "00, t i m
nCaC03

X

"^u^iom, = ^ 3 , . . = 0 , 1 mol

Bai 3: (BH A - 2009): Cho 0,448 l i t k h i CO2 (d dktc) hap thu het vao
100 ml dung dich chuTa hon hop NaOH 0,06M va Ba(0H)2 0,12M, thu
duoc m gam ket tua. Gia t r i cua m la.
A. 1,182 g.

B. 3,940 g.

C. 1,970 g.

D. 2,364 g.

Hit&ng dan gidi
nNaOH

= n^^. = nQ„_ =0,006 mol;

I n ^ j j =0,006 + 0,012.2 = 0,03 mol;



0,01

A.3,136 l i t

B. 1,344 l i t

C. 1,344 l i t hoSc 3,136 l i t

D. 3,36 l i t hoSc 1,12 l i t .

Hit6ng

K h o i laang k e t t u a l a : mg^co, = 0 , 0 1 .197 = 1,97 gam
Ca(0H)2 + CO2

Chon dap a n C.
2,5 l i t dung dich B a ( 0 H ) 2 nong do a mol/1, t h u difdc 15,76 gam k e t

gidi

CaCOsi + H2O

Ca(0H)2 + 2CO2 ^

tua. Gia t r i cua a l a .

Ca(HC03)2

0,08 < - 0,04

= 2.0,15 - 0,1 = 0,2 m o l

B a i 6: T h o i V l i t (dktc) CO2 vao 100 m l dung dich Ca(0H)2 I M , t h u diroc
6 gam k e t tiia. Loc bo k e t t u a lay dung dich t h u ducfc dun n o n g l a i c6
4gam k e t t i i a nufa. Gia t r i V l a :

fx = 0,01

' x + 2y = 0,03 ^

n^f>

ntettua

Chon dap a n D .

y

A . 0,032 M .

-

Vco, = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 l i t

CO2 + 2 0 H - - > COa^" + H 2 O

y

n^^^ = 2nb,,o


n^o^

> n^^^Q^^^^

D. Ca A , C deu dung
J^COj -

2nbaza ~

nen

chi

xay

ra

TH2

^kgt tua

nc,co, = 2nc„oH,, - ^co, = 2.0,25 - 0,3 = 0,2mol
Am = mco, - ixic^co, = 0,3.44 - 0,2.100 = - 6 , 8 gam
Chon dap a n D.


B a i 8: Cho 5,6 h t h o n hdp X gom Ng va CO2 (dktc) d i cham qua 5 K t
dung dich Ca(0H)2 0,02M de p h a n ilng xay ra hoan toan t h u dUdc 5
gam k e t tua. T i n h t i k h o i h o i cua h 6 n hcfp X so v d i H2.
A. 18,8
,15.44.0,1.28 ^
0,25

= 15,6

= 18,8

HCO3"
X

CO2


H2O

197

= 0,12mol

A C O 3 + H2SO4

-'^cOo

B2CO3 + H2SO4

^ | y = 0,12

"co, =0,12 + 0,26 = 0,38 mol

(loang) ^
(loang) ^

A S O 4 + CO2T + H 2 O
A 2 S O 4 + CO2T + H 2 O

Cach t i n h n h a n h cho m u o i sunfatv.
nirauo'i

sunfat

—

rnmuo'i