P H A N MOT
L f C H S i r mt

GI6I CANDAI

ChUdng I
C A C CUQC C A C H MANG T U SAN
(GIOA T H E

Ki X V I - CUOl T

H E KI

XVIII)

Bdi 1
C A C H M A N G H A L A N

I.

GI0A

T H E K I XVI

cAu H 6 I , B A I T A P c d BAN

CSu 1: Nhitog s\i ki$n nao chufng to k i n h te Ha L a n phat trien?
* HUdng ddn trd Idi :
- San xuat trong cdc c6ng triJ&ng thu cong phdt trien (cdc ng&nh nau
dUcmg, xa phong, ng^nh det,...).
- Nhieu th^nh t h i xuat hien

g i k n h q u y e n l a n h dao p h o n g tr^o d a u t r a n h n h i f n g l a i d l thod
h i e p vdi k e t h u .

C a u 4 : T r i n h bay nhu'ng net chinh ve d i l n bien ciia C a c h mang Ha
L a n qua cac giai doan.
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
Giai doan

Nien dai

Sijf k i ^ n chu yeu
Giai doan I Thang 8 - 1 5 6 6 - Nhan dan tan cong, dap pha nha thcf
Thien Chua Giao.
1566-1572
Thang 10 -1566 - Phong trao lan rong ra 12 tinh, chinh
quyen Tay Ban Nha phai nhircrng bo.
Thdng 6 - 1567 - Chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha phai 18000
quan sang chiem dong toan bo lanh thd
Ne-dec-lan.
Thdng 4 - 1572 - Quan khdi nghia giai phong nhieu vung
rpng Idfn.
4 - 11 - 1576
- Quan dpi Tay Ban Nha tan cong giet chet
8000 ngirdi, pha huy mot trung tam thi/cfng
mai.
Giai doan I I 4 - 11 - 1576
- Hoi nghi U-trech gom dai bieu cac tinh
m i l n B^c hop tuyen bo' thanh lap "Cac tinh
1572-1648
Lien Hiep"

dai, thdi dai th^ng Ipi va xac lap phucfng thuTc san xua't tU ban chu nghia tren
pham vi the gidi.
I I . C A U H O I , B A I T A P B O SUNG
C a u 1 : Hay neu dac diem tinh hinh k i n h te, xa hpi Ne-dec-lan triidc
each mang.
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Dau the k i X V I , Ne-d6e-lan l a mot trong nhufng vting kinh te phdt trien
nha't chau Au :
Nhieu thanh pho, h.4i cdng xua't hi$n va t r d thanh trung tam thUdng mai
noi tieng nhu U-tr§'ch, Am-xtec-dam.
Nhieu ngan hang dupe thanh lap va ddng Vai tr6 quan trong trong qud
trinh phat trien kinh tg'.
- Cung vdi sU phdt t r i l n cong thuofng nghiep, giai ca'p tU san Nd-dec-lan
sdm hinh thanh, ngay cang cd the lue ve kinh te.
- Tu tudng Ton gido ciia Can-vanh phat trien.
- VUdng quoc Tay Ban Nha tang cUdng kiem soat va vP v^t cua cai cua
nhan dan Ne-d6e-lan, dong thdi dan dp nhijtng ngUdi theo Thien Chua giao.
C a u 2 : T a i sao noi : T i n h hinh k i n h te, chinh tri, xa hpi cua Ha L a n
trifdc each mang chuan bi dieu ki$n cho each mang bung n6' ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Su phat trien kinh tg'd Ha Lan da tao dieu kien cho luc lUdng sdn xua't
tu ban chu nghia (TBCN) hinh thanh, phat t r i l n : dan den mau thuan gay
gAi giCra luc lupng san xua't tien tien TBCN va quan he san xua't phong kien.
- Trong xa hoi xua't hien giai ca'p mdi g^n lien vdi luc lUpng sdn xuat
TBCN la giai ca'p t u san, dSy la giai ca'p triic tiep lanh dao each mang.
- Chinh sach thong t r i ha khde, sU boc lot vat cha't va tinh than tan bao
ciia de quoc Tay Ban Nha dSn den mau thuSn gay g^t khong the dieu hda noi
gifla toan the dan toe Ne-dec-lan vdi de quoc Tay Ban Nha.
- Ta't ca tinh hinh neu tren da dSn den cupc cdeh mang giai phdng dan toe
mang tinh chat t u sdn d Ne-d6c-lan chong laiaeh thong t r i cua de quS'c Tay

noi b^it nao?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- N o n g dan b i mfi't ruong dat p h a i hkn siJc lao dpng cho t u ban.
- M p t so' dia chu t r d t h ^ n h quy tpc m d i .

- M&u thuSn xa h p i gay git, d i n t d i cupc da'u t r a n h chong che' dp phong
ki§'n, tao dieu k i e n cho k i n h te tiT ban chu n g h i a phAt t r i e n .
C a u 3 : C U Q C each mang t\i san A n h the k i X V I I dien r a nhi^ the nao

trong nhiiTng nSm 1642 - 1648 ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- N a m 1640, Vua Sac-lcf I t r i p u t a p Quoe h p i , m a m mong cupc n p i chie'n
xuat h i e n .

dan nghfeo t h a n h t h i ) . L a n h dao cdeh mang la giai cap tir san. K e t qua cua

- T h d n g 1 - 1642, Sdc-lof I ehay len m i e n B i c chuan b i liTc lirpng.

cdch m a n g : d d n h do dch t h o n g t r i ciia Tay Ban N h a , gi&nh doe lap dan toe,

- Ng^y 22 - 8 - 1642, Sdc-lcr I tuyen chie'n vdi quoe h p i - n p i chie'n b i t dau.

lap nen N h a nirdc cpng h o a .

- Ng^y 1 4 - 6 -• 1645, quan dpi nha vua tha't b a i , Sac-lcf I b i hkt.

- Y nghla ;

- Mua xukn



- N a m 1653, quan dpi m d i va giai ca'p tiT san diTa O-li-vo Crom-oen len
l a m Bao hp cong. Che dp doe t a i quan sir diTpc t h i e t l a p .
- Ngay 3 - 9 - 1658, 6-li-vcf Crom-oen qua ddi.

doi CO cau k i n h te vk phirong thure k i n h doanh : L a n h chiia phong k i e n va

C a u 5 : T r i n h bay d i l n bien chlnh va ket qua cua cupc C a c h mang txi
san A n h tiif nam 1649 den nhfing nam 1688 - 1689.

mot bo p h a n n o n g dan chuyen sang nuoi ciTu, ban l o u g ciTu. M o t so dia chu

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

duoi t a dien ehiem ruong dat bien t h a n h ' m o t v u i ^ i r o n g I d n , ap dung phiTOng
thufc canh tac m d i , hoSe t r o n g c6 nuoi ciTu.

'*

- N o n g d a n b i duoi k h d i dong ruong, d i l a m thue cho d i a chii quy toe, diroc
t r a t i e n cong. Ho s a n xuat nguyen lieu va thirc p h a m de cung cap cho t h i
trirdng A n h va c a c thupc dia ciia A n h .
- N h i e u cong trirdng chuyen san xuat l e n xuat h i e n , nhieu nganh cong
nghiep khac cung Idn m a n h .
6

- Ngay 30 - 1 - 1649, theo nguyen vpng cua n h a n d a n , Sac-ld I b i xuf tuf ;
nude A n h t r d t h a n h nude cong hoa. Cach m a n g dat den d i n h cao.
- N a m 1653, Crom-oen t r d t h a n h Bao hp cong; che dp dpc t a i quan sir dirpc
thiet lap.

- Sac-la 1 tuygn chien vdi Quoc hOi - nOi chien hk dau.
- Quan dpi nha vua that bai, Sac-lo 1 bi bat.

- Mua xuan 1648

- sac-lo 1 tiep tuc chien tranh chong Quoc hOi nhung
bi that bgi - noi chien k§'t thiic.
- sac-lo 1 bi xi!ni;r; nuSc Anh tr6 thanh nu8c cong hoa.

1642 - 1648

+ Cach m a n g do quy toe m d i v^ tir san l a n h dao.

n h a n dan.

Nien dai

- I\iam 1640

- 30 - 1 - 1649

1649 -1688
- Nam 1653

- O.Crom-oen tr5 thanh B^o hO c6ng ; chg' d6 dOc tai
quan sa di/oc thiet ISp.

- Vi soo .•
- 0:CrSm-oen qua dc)i, nu8c Anh khung hoang chinh tri.
- 03 - 9 - 1658


Vai tro lanh dao
DOng lyc
Muc tigu
Kg't qui

+ N a m 1653, n e n doc thi diTctc t h i e t l a p do Crom-oen dufng dau.
+ T h d n g 12 n a m 1688, Quoc hpi t i e n h a n h c h i n h bien, s a u d6 che do
qudn c h u l a p h i e n duoc xac l a p .
- Ket qua, y nghia :
+ L a t do che do phong ki&n, md dudng cho chu nghia t u b i n d A n h phat trien.
+ M d ra thdi k i qua do tit che do phong k i e n sang che do t u Mn.
C a u 2 : S o s a n h e a c h m a n g ti^ s a n H a L a n v a e a c h m a n g tvC s a n A n h .
* Huang ddn trd lai :

each mgng tt/ sin
Gid'ng nhau

Lan

C^ch mang tu sin Anh

- Co myc 'tigu ta'n c6ng la Giao hpi Ki-t6.
- Chiu Snh ht/6ng cua t6n giao.
- Mfl duftng cho kinh tg' tii ban chu nghia phat trien.
- Deu la cuOc each mgng tU san chaa tri§t de,
- DOng li/c chu yeu la quan chiing nhSn d§n.
- Chua giai quyet dLitjc ruOng dat cho n6ng dan, khSng giai ph6ng hoan
toSn ngucii lao dong.


c a u 4 : H a y nfiu v a i t r o c u a C r o m - o e n t r o n g t i e n t r i n h C a c h m a n g t\i
san Anh.
* HUcng ddn trd Idi :
- T r o n g g i a i doan 1642 - 1649: Crom-oen biet dua vao n h a n dan de thi/c
hi$n cac n h i e m vu each m a n g :
+ Lap quan doi c6 t i n h k i luat va t i n h t h a n chien dau cao, dugc goi l a
"DOi quan sirom sAt".
+ Quan doi ctla Crom-oen dong vai t r o quyet d i n h t r o n g viec chien dau va
chien t h i n g quan cua nha vua Sac-lo I , dSn den ket thuc cupc noi chien, diTa
nifdc A n h den d i n h cao cua cdch mang, do l a t h i e t lap nen Cong hoa tU s a n .
- T r o n g g i a i doan 1649 - 1658 : Crom-oen l a ng^di bao ve quyen l o i cho
giai cap
s a n , dia chu, dung che dp t h o n g t r i quan sif va quyen doc tai quSn
sir de p h u c vu chc t a n g Idp t r e n , giau c6 v a diing chien t r a n h d§ m d dudng
cho viec xay dung m p t dao quan thuoc dia hung hau cua nUdc A n h sau nay.

BaiS

C a u 3 : Latp b a n g t h o n g k e v e n g u y e n n h a n , v a i t r o l a n h d a o , d p n g

C H I E N T R A N H G I A N H D O C L A P 6 B A C Mi

Itfc, m u c t i e u , k e t q u a , t i n h c h a t v a y n g h i a c u a eupe e a c h m a n g ttf

NtfA S A U T H E K I X V I I I

s a n A n h the k i X V I I .

* Huang ddn trd M :
T\iu muc

* Huang ddn trd lai :
- Cac thuoc dia A n h d B&c M i deu dat dudi quyen cua vua A n h . Cac thupc
dia nay la nguon cung cap nguyen lieu va la t h i t r i f d n g tieu t h u h a n g hoa cua
chinh quoc ; dong t h d i p h a i tuan t h i i cac dao luat k h a t khe do A n h d l ra nhU:
LuEit H a n g h a i (1561), L u a t Dir&ng (1764), Luat T e m (1764), L u a t Che (1770).
- K i t qua ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dia ciia A n h la mot can t r d Idn doi vdi
sir phat I n e n xa h p i Bdc M l , tuy n h i e n iien k i n h te d h a i m i e n B^c, N a m van
phiit t r i e n t n c o coa dudng tiT ban chii nghia (mien Bac xay-diTng cac cong
11


triT^rng

t h u cong, m i e n N a m p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e d o n dien). N h i e u t r u n g t a m

k i n h te' h i n h t h a n h .
- Su tha'ng t r i h a k h i c ciia thuc dan A n h , m&u thuan giOfa ch&' do thupc dia v a
suf phat t r i e n k i n h te t u ban chu nghia d BAc M l dSn tdi mau thuftn giufa nhan
dan thuoc dia B i c M i v d i thuc dan A n h , l a m bung no nhieu cuoc dau t r a n h .
C a u 2 : Tit s a u s\i k i ^ n " c h e B6-xtofn", c u p c c h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c l a p
d a d i l n r a nhxi t h e n a o ?
* Huang ddn trd lai :
- Cuoi n a m 1773, n h a n d a n cang B6-xtcfn t a n cong ba t a u chot chfe ciia
Anh

- N h i t a g ngtfcfi c6 t a i san, c6 hoc va'n m d i dudc bau cur, p h u n i l k h 6 n g c6
quyen bau cuf, no l e va ngufdi I n - d i - a n k h o n g c6 quyen cong dan.
- Che do no l e vSn dugc duy t r i .
CSu


dia I a n thuf n h a t , cdc d a i bieu n h a t t r i yeu cau vua A n h b a i bo c h i n h sdch
h a n che cong t h u o n g nghiep cf B^c M l . Vua A n h k h o n g chap n h a n m a con

+ G i a i phong B^c M l k h d i sif tho'ng t r i ciia thiic d a n A n h .

c h u i n b i t r i f t i g phat.

+ M d durdng cho k i n h te i\i ban chii nghia d M i p h a t t r i e n
+ Gdp p h a n thiic day phong trao each m a n g cho'ng phong kie'n d chau

- T h a n g 4 - 1775, chien t r a n h giita thupc d i a v a c h i n h quoc da no r a , luc

quan k h d i n g h i a chiu nhieu t h a t b a i v i luTc lufomg n o n yeu, t h i e u sir t 6 Au v a phong t r a o dau t r a n h g i a n h doc l a p d M i L a - t i n h cuoi t h e k i X V I I I dau
th§'kiXIX.
chufc chat che.

diu

- T h a n g 5 - 1775, D a i h o i luc d i a I a n thuf h a i hop tuyen bo c^t diJt quan

Cau

6 : Nhffng n g u y e n n h a n n a o d S n d e n t h S n g Igfi C U Q C C h i e n t r a n h

he v d i A n h , cung co lire lucfng vu u ang, t h a n h lap "Quan d o i thuoc dia", d a t

g i a n h dQC l ^ p c i i a n h a n d a n c a c nu!drc thuQC d i a A n h of B S c M i ?

difdi s U c h i huy cua Oa-sinh-ton. D e n dau n a m 1776, quan k h d i n g h i a chiem


- Dai hOi luc dia Ian 1 tai Phi-la-den-phi-a.

16 - 1 0 - 1774
- Th^ng 4 - 1 7 7 5

- Chien tranh giOa cac thuOc dia va chinh qufi'c n6 ra.

-10-5-1775

- Dgi hOi Igc dia lln thtf 2, tuy§n b6' dt dirt quan h$ v6i Anh.

- Diu nam 1776

- QuSn khcfi nghTa chiem B6-xtcin

-4-7-

- HOi nghi lyc dia tgi Phi-la-den-phi-a da th6ng qua bhn Tuygn ngOn

1776

Dpc Igp.
1.3


- 17-10-1777

- Quan khdi nghTa thSng Idn 6 Xa-ra-t6-ga.

C&u 3 • V a i t r o c u a G.Oa-sinh-tofn t r o n g C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c Igp d

m a n g tiT s a n A n h v a C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c l $ p d B d c M i .
- Giong

nhau :

+ Deu l a cuOe each m a n g t u san chua t r i p t de.

tdch k h o i nude A n h .
- Ngay 4 - 7 - 1776, D a i h o i t h o n g qua b a n Tuyen ngon Dpc lap c h i n h
thufc tuyen b d 13 thupc dia t h o d t l y k h o i c h i n h quoc, t h ^ n h lap m p t qudc gia
dpc lap - H o p chung qudc H o a K i .
C a u 2 : H ^ u q u a ciia c h i n h s a c h thong t r i c u a A n h d B d c M i ?
* Hudng

bieu cua giai cap t U san v a dia chu c6 quyen I p i mau thuSn v d i thuc dSn A n h .
- TrUdc chien t r a n h , ong tUng l a s i quan qufin dpi, t h a n h vien H 6 i dong

C a u 8 : V i sao noi: " C h i e n t r a n h gianh dpc l$p c u a c a c thupc d i a A n h

- N h i f t i g muon hokn

ddn trd Idi :

- G. Oa-sinh-ton (1722. - 1799) l a chu ddn dien 6 Viec-gi-ni-a; ong l a dai

sin va chu n6.

* Huang

Mi ?

Ji!nh_thLfc

CTGOL d Qh MT

Tir san v& quy tOc m6i.

Ti/ san va chu n6.

NO! chig'n.

Chjg'n tranh g i i i ph6ng dan tOc.

MhiOm vy

L§t dd che dO phong kig'n.

L§t dd n6n thdng tri cua chinh

K6t quS

Thi§'t l§p ngn quan chu ISp hig'n.

Thanh l^p nuflc Hoa Ki vdi n l n

quygn thi;c dSn Anh.
cOng hoa ta s^n.

15



Cau 2 : L a p srf do trinh bay ve che dp ba dang cap trong xa hoi
phong k i e n P h a p . Qua sof do giai thich ttfng ddng cap trong xa h^i
Phap tritoTc each mang.
Tang IQ

Quy toe
- Qkng cap c6 nnoi dSc q u y ^ n
- Khong phai dong thue
Dang cap tha 3

- D a n g cap khong c 6 quyen loi gi
- Phai dong thue

Nong dan

Dan ngheo thanh thj

Ta s^n

* Gidi thlch qua sa do :
- Xa hoi- Phap chia thanh ba d ^ g cap : T a n g iCr, Quy toe v a D ^ g cap thuT ba
16

- D i n g ctfp tang IC va d i n g cap quy toe phong kien la nhufng d i n g cap c6
nhieu dac quyen, dac lai. Ho khSng phai dong thue', duoc hudng nhieu dac
quyen, n i m giOf cac chufc vu trong bp mdy Nha nude, Quan dpi va Giao hpi.
- Dang cap t h d ba bao gom nhieu giai cap, tang Idp trong xa hpi (tu san,
n6ng dan, dan ngheo thanh t h i , cong nhan,...) c6 nhuTng quyen lai va nguyen
vong khong giong nhau :
+ Tu san : Co the life ve kinh te, nhitog khong eo quyin Igi chinh t r i , bi

phong kien.
- Nhufng quan d i l m cua nhOng nha ta tadng Phap the k i X V I I I neu tren c6
S nghia tien bo, dap ufng trong mufc dp nha't dinh v a dage quan chiing t i n
theo, la mpt bp phan ciia cupc da'u tranh chong che dp quan chii chuyen che,
c6 tdc dung chuan bi don doctug cho cage c4ch mang xa hoi^ Bdi vi :
T H U V I E N T I W H B I N H T H U / ' ; ^

17


+ N6 chi ra sif t h o i n&t vk be t^c cue xa hoi phong k i e n diTcfng thcri d Ph^p.
+ Cung v(Si nhOrng t i e n de ve k i n h te

xa h p i , no c6 tac dung thiic day

cuoc each m a n g tu san sdm bung no d Phap.
t h u ^ t ve

CUQC

tan

cong c u a n h a n dan Pa-ri danh chiem phao dai - n h a tu Ba-xti.
din

6 : N h f i n g stf ki§n n a o c h i f n g to t a n g Idtp d a i ti^ s a n cAm q u y e n d

p h a p d a l a m ngiifng t r ^ s\i p h a t t r i e n c i i a e a c h m a n g ?
* Hudng



nhitog q u y e n t u do d d n c h u , nha'n m a n h quyen tU hijfu t a i s i n l a t h i e n g l i e n g

xay vat chudng n g a i , pha dudng sa.

ba't k h a x a m p h a m .

Ngay 14 -

7, t i e n g chuong bao dong k h i n cap l a i v a n g l e n m a n h

me,

- T h a n g 9 - 1791, Quoc hoi Lap h i e n t h o n g qua Hi^n

phap xac lap ch§' do

ducrng pho dong n g h i t ngu&i. Mac dau gan n h u toan bo t h a n h pho da n ^ m

quan c h u lap h i e n . H i e n phap 1791 da tir bo mpt so n g u y g n t i c t i e n bp cua

t r o n g tay cac luc lifcfng k h d i nghia, nhUng cuoc dau t r a n h vSn chua k e t thuc.

TuySn n g o n N h a n q u y e n va D a n quyen 1789. M p i q u y e n luc thupc ve

Nguc B a - x t i chua b i n h a n dan chiem.

hpi. Quo'c h o i con b a n h a n h n h i e u dao luat, n h u Dao l u a t ca'm b a i cong,

Quoc

lam ngiCng tre sU phdt

v i da ra l e n h b ^ n vao n h a n dan.
Vua Phap chua hieu het t i n h the xay ra, con h y vpng de bep cuoc k h d i
n g h l a ; k h i dUcfc bao t i n B a - x t i da bi chiem, nha vua k i n h ngac h o i : "Day l a
cuoc k h d i loan a" ? NgUcfi t a t r a Idi : "Khong, each m a n g a !".
N h a n dan pha san bang nguc B a - x t i va xay dUng mot quang trUdng c6
h a n g chOf " d day ngirdi ta nhay miia". Ngay 1 4 - 7

t r d t h a n h ngay Quoc

khanh ciia n h a n dan Phap.

triin

td tang Idp dai tu san cdm quyen d Phap

ciia cdch

dd

mang.

C a u 7 : T h a i dp c u a n h a n d a n P h a p trxjfdrc t i n h h i n h " T o q u o c l a m n g u y "
nhxi t h e n a o ? V i $ c xijf tuf v u a L u - i X V I c 6 y n g h i a gi ?
* Hudng

ddn trd lai :

- Trudc t i n h h i n h "To quoc l a m nguy", do sir y e u k e m c u a s i quan, sir p h a n

cua ho k h o n g dxigc d a m bao.
18

- T i n h t h a n c d c h m a n g , y c h i k i e n cirdng b i o ve to quoc ciia n h a n dan da
duoc t h e h i p n t r o n g c h i e n t h i n g V a n - m i (20 - " 9 - 1792)

l a m cho cue d i e n

chi§'n t r a n h t h a y doi. C h i e n t h i n g nay k h o n g c h i edu nUdc Phap, ma c6n tao

- N h a n dan lao dong k h o n g c6 quyen

- M g i cong dan tir 21 tudi t r d l e n

Icfi c h i n h t r i .

dirge quyen b i u ciif.

c h i n h quyen vao tay nhffng ngif&i Gia-c6-banh. Cach m a n g Phap chuyen sang
giai doan cao n h a t - giai doan chuydn c h i n h cua Gia-c6-banh.
- C h i n h p h u Gia-c6-banh da thiic h i e n nhieu bien phap k i e n quyet

de

chong l a i thii t r o n g , gia^ ngo^i, on d i n h ddi song cua n h i n ddn :

C a u 10 : Nh€fng n g u y e n n h a n n a o d S n tdri sif s u p do c u a n e n c h u y e n

+ Dao luat 6 - 1793, irk l a i ruong dat oljp n o n g dan.
+ Lay ruong dat t i c h t h u ciia quy toe, chia t h a n h 16 nho, ban cho

dan

ngheo t r a d d n t r o n g 10 nSm.

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Do m i u t h u a n giiTa c h i n h q u y i n each m a n g Gia-c6-banh v d i c i c p h i i ddi

+ Cac dac quyen ciia che do phong k i e n b i xoa bo.


c h i n h phu nao l a m dugc. No p h i bo t a n gdc che do phong k i e n , bien nhiJng
ngugi nong dan t h a n h nhiJng ngifdi tieu t\i hQu tiT do, t h i e t lap che do k i n h te

1793-1974

t i ^ u n o n g ; tao nhufng di^u k i e n t h u a n I g i cho su p h d t t r i e n k i n h te tif b i n
chii nghia, t a n g Idp t i e u n o n g dong dao do c h i n h s i c h nay tao n§n da t r d

Nen cong hoa
Gi-rong-danh

t h a n h t h a n h t r i vumg c h i c cho cich. m a n g P h i p p h i t t r i e n .
+ Hig'n p h i p 1793 p h i n i n h v i d i n h da'u mot g i a i doan m d i , mot giai

' 9 - 1792-6

doan p h i t t r i e n cao han. N6 tuyen bo trirdc toan t i l e gidi n h t t n g nguyen t i c

-1799

tir do, dan chu, mo t nen dfin chu tir s i n t i e n bg h a n H i e n phap 1791. No dugc
n h i n dan chao ddn nhir mot t h i n g Igi cua c i c h mang.
- N h i h i g c h i n h s i c h cua C h i n h phu Gia-c6-banh da tap hgp dirge suTc m a n h
cua q u i n chiing lao dong de d d n h bai t h u t r o n g , giae ngoai dem l a i d i n h cao
cho c i c h m a n g Phap, n h a t l i g i a i doan chuyen c h i n h dan chii c i c h m a n g
20

Che do quan chu
l i p hien
7-1789-8-

dao c h i n h ngay

1794.

* Hudtng ddn trd Idi :
- Sau cupc d i o c h i n h ngay 27 - 7 - 1794, c h i n h quyen thu6c ve p h a i tif s a n
ni(Ji g i a u l e n t r o n g thfifi gian chig'n t r a n h nha buon ban gian I a n , dau c a t i c h
trCf va t h a m 6 cong quy. U y ban Doc c h i n h difpc t h a n h l a p , t a p t r u n g quyen
life vao 5 liy v i e n . N h i e u t h a n h qua each m a n g b i t h u t i e u : L u a t gia t o i d a bi
23


bai bo, quyen t u do d a n chii b i h a n che, nhufng ngucfi each m a n g b i k h i i n g bo,
cdc cSu lac bo e h i n h t r i b i dong cila...

* Thcrt k i c h u y e n c h i n h G i a - c 6 - b a n h l a d i n h cao c u a e a c h m a n g , bofi v i :

- Dirdri che do Doc c h i n h , nUde Phdp luon t r o n g t i n h t r a n g xao dong vh
ngky ckng k h o k h a n . Cdc t h e life phong k i e n vSn a m m\iu n o i loan. Mgt l i e n
m i n h m d i cua c&c nifdc Chau A u n h ^ m chong Phdp duoe h i n h t h a n h .
C a u 6 : V i s a o g i a i d o a n e a c h m a n g do p h a i G i a - c 6 - b a n h c a m q u y e n
dvtdc g o i l a n e n c h u y e n c h i n h d a n c h u e a c h m a n g G i a - c 6 - b a n h ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

cua qu^n chiing nong d a n ; qua do, dong vien hp t h a m gia each m a n g chong

- Phai Gia-c6-banh quan t a m giai quyet van de rupng da't - d6i h o i co ban
thu trong, giac ngoai.
- T h a n g 6 - 1793, H i e i i phap mdi diTpe thong qua, tuyen bo Phap l a nude
cOng hoa, ban b6' quyen dan ehu rpng rai va mpi sir ba't binh d i n g ve d i n g

27 - 7 - 1794 den 9-11 -1799
Thoai tr^o cich mgng
24

Nhilng

i

ki^n quan trona
1~-—-I

i

c6n thuc hi$n viec bau cuf theo phd thong ddu phieu.

S

Khcii nghTa cua nhan dan Pa-ri pha ngyc Ba-xti, l$t dd
che dO quSn chu chuyen ch§'. Thang 8 - 1789 thSng
qua Tuyen ng6n Nhan quyen va DSn quyen. Cach
mang Ian rong khjp nuflc.
Kh6i nghla cua nhan dan Pa-ri; nen quSn chu ISp hien
bj m 66, thiet l§p nga cOng..hoa. Vua Lu-i XVI bi ttr
hlnh. Chig'n tranh bab\ l6 qu6'c, b^o v$ c^ch mgng.

C a u 9 ; L ^ p b a n g t h o n g k e c a c c u p c e a c h m a n g tvC s a n thofi c ^ n d a i
*heo y e u c a u s a u d a y :
NOi dung

Cacti m^ng tif sin


25


* Hudng ddn trd lai. :
NQi

dung

Cach mang tu sdn

Anh (the'kj XVII)

Cach mang tU s i n

Chi6'n tranh glanh
dOc Idp B i c

Phap (cutfi thS' kl

Ml

Hinh thifc dS'u tranh

Nhi$m vy c^ch mgng

Giai c§'p lanh dgo

Ket qu^


- T r o n g cAc cuoc cdch m a n g n o i chung, each m a n g t i f sdn t h d i can d a i noi
r i e n g , dac biet l a cuoc Cach m a n g t\i san Phap cuoi t h e k i X V I I I , dong luc
l ^ m n e n each m a n g chu yeu Ik nong dfin. Cdc cuoc Cach m a n g t u san H a
L a n , Cdch m a n g ttf san A n h , Chien t r a n h giknh doc l a p d BAc M i giai quy§'t
va'n d l ruong d a t cho nong d a n chUa thoa dang. Rieng Cdch m a n g tif san
Phap, quyen Icfi cua nong dan duoc giai quyet song h ^ n h v d i t i e n t r i n h phdt
t r i e n cua cdch mang. Do cung l a rngt t r o n g nhOfng l i do d a nh gia Cach mang
tif san Phap l a cuoc each m a n g t u san t r i $ t de n h a t .

.

- T r o n g thW k i dau ciia each mang (th&i k i quan^|hu M p h i e n 1789 - 1792):
N o n g d a n dirac xoa bo m p t so nghia v u phong k i e n ; n o n g d a n diTcfc mua
ruong d a t ciia Gido h o i do N h ^ nude tieh t h u v d i g i d cao ; N h ^ nUde ban h a n h
Tuyen ngon kh&ng d i n h quyen b i n h d^ng giiita cac c6ng d a n, t r o n g do c6 nong
dan. T u y n h i e n , t r o n g thbi k i n^y nong dan c5n p h a i Ikm n h i e u ng hi a vu
phong k i e n , nong dkn chua duge quyen bau cii. V i vay, nong d a n chira thoa
m a n v a t i e p tuc dau t r a n h .
26

27


Chi/arng 11

Q§iix 3 ' T a i s a o c a c ni^dtc c h a u A u l i e n m i n h c h o n g l a i N a - p 6 - l e - 6 n g ?
* Hiidng ddn trd Idi ;
. Cuoc chien t r a n h x a m lupc cua Na-p6-le-6ng doi v d i cac nufdc chau A u da
dung c h a m den chii quyen doc lap ciia m 6 i nUdc.


Pho
(1806)

Nga
(1812)

Bf
(1815)

k i e n quyet chien dau h y s i n h de bao ve To quoc.
- Dac bi$t, do t i f tifdng chu quan n e n k h i Na-p6-16-6ng m d cuoc t a n cong

I I . C A u H O I VA B A I T A P B O S U N G

v^o l a n h t h o niTdc N g a b i quan doi chong t r a quyet l i e t l a m cho Na-p6-le-6ng

C a u 1 : H a y t r i n h b a y nhii^ng C U Q C c h i e n t r a n h k h i N a - p 6 - l e - 6 n g l e n

khong t r d tay kip.

l a m H o a n g de d nvCdc P h a p .

C a u 2 : T i n h h i n h c h a u Au s a u Hpi nghi V i e n c6 nhCng d i l n

bien

* Huang

quan trong nao?
* Hudng

28

dich t h a n c h i huy

640000 quan t i e n vao mrdc Nga.
+ Ngdy 7 - 8 - 1812, t a i t r a n B6-r6-di-n6 quan dpi Na-p6-le-6ng b i bai t r a n .

nhieu nUdc d chau A u , m a n h n h a t l a d Tay B a n N h a .
- N h i / vay, sau H o i n g h i V i e n , t i n h h i n h chau A u t r d n e n phufc tap, n h a t la

ddn trd lai :

+ Sau t h a t b a i d Nga, quan dpi Na-p6-le-6ng tiep tuc tha't b a i k h ^ p cac
" i ^ t t r a n d chau A u . T r o n g t r a n d d n h cuoi ciing d Oa-t6c-16, gan Bruy-xen
(Bi), ngdy 18 - 6 - 1815, quan Na-p6-le-6ng b i tieu diet. C h i e n t r a n h d chau
Au kg't thiic.

Mm...

29


C&u 2 : H a y d i e n siuf l i ^ u v a o c p t B c h o p h u hgfp vdri nQi d u n g d c p t A
ve H p i nghi V i e n s a u d a y :
B

A
1. Thdi gian tien hanh Hpi nghj.

A

+ H o i n g h i k h o n g t i n h dgn quyen Icfi, nguyen vong ciia n h a n dan.
+ NhuTng va'n de duge quyet d i n h t r o n g h p i n g h i bi c h i p h o i bdi cae mrdc
Anh, Ao, Nga.

4. Kg't qua cua HOi nghi. D. - KhOng tinh dg'n quyen Ipi cua nhan dan, cac nuflc th^ng tran tij
y lap Igi ban dO chau Au.
- NuOc Nga dupe mOt phSn lanh thd ciJa Ba Lan.
- Anh dypc chiem giuf dap Man-ta - mOt cCf dig'm chien laoc quan

+ Thirc cha't, day la h o i n g h i chia phan t h d n g I g i giOra cac nude th^ng
tran t r o n g cuoc chien t r a n h ehong Na-p6-le-6ng.
+ H o i n g h i da cha dap len quyen Igi cae mrdc nho yeu va nhan dan lao dong.

trpng 6 Dja Trung Hal va mOt so thuOc dia cua Ha Lan.
- Da't dai cua Phd va Ao cung duoc m8 rOng ra nhilu.
- l-ta-li-a vin bj phan chia thanh nhi§u lanh thd khac nhau.
Cau

3 : H a y t r i n h b a y n h C n g n e t c h i n h ve Na-p6-le-6ng.

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Na-p6-le-6ng B6-na-pdc s i n h n a m 1769 t a i dao Cooc, cha ong la luSt s\i,
von la m o t quy toe b i p h a san. N a m 15 tudi, Na-p6-le-6ng difcfc Quoc h o i
phong quan h a m tirdng. N a m 1795, Na-p6-le-6ng da dep t a n bon bao hoang
noi loan 6 P a - r i . Sau d6 ong la ngu6i triTc tiep xay ditog ke hoach d a n h chiem
toan bo chau Au v a phifong Dong. I-ta-li-a duoc chon l a m nifdc k h d i ddu cua
ke hoach nay.

Bdi 6


Thfifi gian

Anh

NhOng nam 60 cua the
ki XVIII d§'n nhOng nam

giao t h o n g v a n t a i , do la viec che tao r a cac dau may xe lufa phuc vu giao

40 th§' ki XIX.

t h o n g v a n chuyen h a n g hoa.

• Phap

+ Nam 1785, phat minh may d§t chgy bing hcS nuSc.

.

+ D^u th§' kf XIX, chg' tgo tau thuy, xe iCfa chgy

+ e a c h m a n g cong nghiep b ^ t dau tiT n a m 1830, each m a n g cong nghi$i:

b^ng dk may hoi niiSc.

bat dau d i i n r a v a phat t r i e n m a n h t r o n g nhufng n a m 1830 - 1850.
+ T a c dong ve k i n h te, xa h o i : K i n h te Phap vuon l e n m a n h me thuf ha;
the gidi. Bo m a t P a - r i va cac t h a n h p h d khac t h a y ddi ro r $ t .
•DUc:
+ Cach m a n g cong nghiep d i i n r a vao nhiJng n a m 40 cua t h e k i X I X vd'

- DO dai dLfdng s^t tang gap 100 lln.
- S6' luong may hoi nuOc tang tO 5000 chi§'c Ifin
27000 chig'c.
33


DifC

NhiJng nSm 40 thg' kl
XIX.

- IMhOng phdt minh trong ngSnh c6ng nghi$p n$ng,
chu yeu la luyen kim va hoa chS't.

4 : V e sof d o v e c u p c e a c h m a n g c o n g n g h i $ p g f i n v d i h $ q u a c u a n o .

- SSn iLfdng than, s3t, thep va dg dal dacing s^t tang
2 den 3 iSn.

Cach mgng
cong nghiep

- S6 may hoi na6c tang 6
- May moc va phan hoa hoc duqc sQ dgng trong san
xuat nfing nghiep.

Hinh thSnh hai giai ca'p co

I I . c A u H O I vA B A I T A P B 6 S U N G
1 : Y n g h i a c i i a v i c e p h a t m i n h r a m a y h d i n\i6c

Thanh thi

T5ng nSng

N6ng

cQng nghiep

dSng dSn

suat lao dOng

nghi$p phat

xuS't hign

xua't hi$n

- D a n d e n sir r a d & i cua cac n g a n h c o n g n g h i e p m d i .

tri^n

2 : C a c h m a n g cong nghiep d A n h da d^n d e n nhffng thay doi gi

Cau

v e k i n h t e v a x a h p i d n\idc
'''Huang

Anh?


I. c A u H 6 I C 6 S A N T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A
1 : T a i s a o C U Q C d a u t r a n h t h o n g n h a t d BvCc v a l - t a - l i - a d i T ^ c c o i

l a C U Q C e a c h m a n g t\i s a n ?
* Huang

ddn trd Idi :

• S u n g h i e p t h o n g n h a ' t Du:c, t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a n h k m x o a b o sir cAn t r d

t h u d o d a u t i e n ciia c h a u A u t i e n l e n con dufdng c o n g n g h i e p h o a .
Cau

Au

(giu-a the' k i XIX)

Cau

t r a n h v d i cac niidc tiS b a n k h a c .

C A C H M A N G Ttf S A N 6 C H A U

d a d i f a n e n k i n h t e P h a p vi/cfn l e n m a n h m e ,

cua che dp p h o n g k i e n , m d durdng cho c h u n g h i a tiT b a n p h a t t r i e n .
- L a n h d a o l a g i a i cap t u s a n v a t a n g Idp q u y tpc tir s a n h o a .
- D p n g lire l a q u a n c h i i n g n h a n d a n , n 6 n g c o t l a n o n g d a n .
- X u t h e p h a t t r i e n l a x a c l a p q u a n h e s a n xua't tiT b a n c h u n g h i a , m d


+ D e u d i l n r a d u d i h i n h thurc c h i e n t r a n h .

d a t mure k i l u e .
34

+ Q u a t r i n h t h o n g n h a t Dure v a I - t a - l i - a d e u m a n g t i n h cha't m O t cupc
•^^ch m a n g t u s a n v i n o m d d u d n g cho c h u n g h i a tU b a n p h a t t r i e n .


. Nga ho^ng Ni-c6-lai t a n g cifdng quyin t h o n g t r i chuy§n ch6'.
- Khdc

nhau

- Nga lao v^o cu6c chien t r a n h \km cho quan chiing t h e m cam t h u . N h i e u

:

+ Qud t r i n h t h o n g n h a t nirdc Dure dufgc thuc hien bling con difdng "tir tren
xu6iig" t h o n g qua h i n h thuTc bao lire vdri chinh sach " s i t vk mAu " ciia Bi-xmdc.
+ Qud t r i n h t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a duoc thirc h i e n b^ng con dirdng "tiT dirai
l§n" t h o n g qua cugc dau t r a n h cua quan chiing.

t r a n h ciia nong no bung n6.

. Yeu cau cai ckch dat r a cap t h i e t do n h u c^u p h d t t r i e n k i n h te v^ sif de
doa ndi day cua nong dan. Nga ho^ng bupe p h a i t i e n h ^ n h c^i

ckch.

+ M i l n N a m Ik ncfi k i n h te don d i l n chiem UU the, chu no suf dung nhan
cong lao dpng da den ngay cang nhieu.
+ M i e n Tay 1^ vung nong nghiep cua chu t r a i .

C a u 5 : V i s a o c6 thd' x e m c u p c N p i c h i e n d M i (1861 - 1865) l a c u ^ c
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Sau k h i cupc chiS'n t r a n h g i ^ n h doc lap d Bic

M i g i i n h t h i n g I p i , Hpp

chiing quoc Hoa K i dupe t h a n h lap, song nhifng n h i e m vu cP bdn ciia edch
mang t i f s i n chifa h o i n t h i n h (vin di ru6ng di't cho n6ng din chifa difoc g i i i
quyet, che dp no le v i n duy t r i d m i e n Nam...).

Nhcf dieu k i ^ n t h u a n l o i k i n h te phdt t r i e n n h a n h ch6ng, dSc biet la

- K i n h te t i f b a n chii nghia p h i t t r i e n m a n h me, nhifng giufa cic m i e n

ng^nh cong nghi$p va c& nong nghi$p. Song che dp no 1§ can t r d neri k i n h te

t r i n h dp k h o n g deu nhau : m i e n B i c l i viing k i n h te' t i f ban chu nghia p h i t

tiT ban chu nghIa phat t r i d n .

t r i l n ; m i e n N a m l i v i i n g k i n h te don dien ; m i i n T i y l i vung k i n h te nong

+ M a u thuSn giufa t i f san, t r a i chu d m i ^ n Bdc v d i chu no d m i e n Nam

nghiep chu t r a i .
- Sif duy t r i che dp no 1§ d m i l n N a m d i cin t r d sif p h i t t r i e n k i n h te t i f

b. Ket

- Cuoc n p i chie'n t h i n g I p i d M i n6 tiep tuc md difdng cho chu nghia t i f b i n

qua:

phit trien d M l .

- G i a i ph6ng cho h ^ n g v a n no le da den.
-• L a cuQC each m a n g tU san thiJ h a i sau cuoc C h i e n . t r a n h g i ^ n h doc lap o
B^cMi.

>

;r

- MOT dudng cho chu n g h i a t i f Mn phat t r i l n or M I .

N h u v i y , sau cupc Chie'n t r a n h g i i n h dpc lip d B i c M I , cu6c N p i chi§'n d
M l thife chat l i ti§'p tuc h o i n t h i n h n h i p m vu cua cich m a n g t i f s i n nen no

hoan t h a n h vi^c t h o n g nha't dat nirdc.

xuong"

b ^ n g bao life, t h o n g qua c h i n h sdeh "sdt v a mau" cua Bix-mac.
+ 6 I - t a - l i - a : 1^. cu^c c h i e n t r a n h luc dau "tiT t r e n x u o n g " sau d6 l a "tir
dudi l e n " b k n g siJc m a n h cua qudn chiing.
+ 6 Nga : \k cupc cai each t u san k h o n g t f i e t de, v d i h i n h thure "cai edeh

nong no".
+ CJ M l : 1^ cupc npi c h i e n .
- Sd d l m 6 i niTcJc l a i d i l n r a theo nhuTng h i n h thiJc k h d e k h a c n h a u v i :
xua't p h d t tCr t i n h h i n h cu t h e eiia m 6 i (luoe g i a ; t r o n g do tirofng q u a n liTc
lufcfng d 6 n g v a i t r b quyet d i n h v ^ c h i phS'i h i n h thurc cua eac cupc dau t r a n h

de d y a edch m a n g dg'n t h ^ n g Ipri, thiTc h i $ n m u c t i e u cuoi c u n g 1^ tao dieu
k i e n cho chu n g h i a tiT ban p h a t t r i ^ n .

11. C A U H 6 I VA B A I T A P B O SUNG

cdc vUdng quoc theo che dp quan chu chuyen che va chiu sU k h o n g che cua de
quoc Ao; duy c h i cd VUPng quoc Pi-e-mon-te l a giOr dupc doe l a p vdi che dp
chinh t r i va k i n h t e t i e n bp h o n ca.
- G i a i cap t U san d cac vUOng quoc t r e n ban dao I - t a - l i - a deu mud'n dua vao
Pi-g-mon-te de l o a i bo t h e lUc cua Ao, thue h i e n viec t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a . B d
tude Ca-vua, T h u t u d n g Pi-e-mon-te, chii trUotog diing chien t r a n h de t h a n h
lap nude I - t a - l i - a t h o n g n h a t dudi sU l a n h dao cua Vudng t r i e u Xa-voa.
- T h a n g 4 - 1859, Ca-vua l i e n m i n h v d i Phap t i e n h a n h chien t r a n h v d i
Ao. T r o n g k h i chien sU dang d i l n r a , quan ehung d cde vUPng quoc thupe
mien T r u n g I - t a - l i - a da n o i day k h d i nghia. B o n p h o n g k i e n t h o n g t r i d day

yuot bien do bp l e n dao X i - x i - l i - a .
- Sau do, m i e n N a m I - t a - l i - a dUpc sdp n h a p vao Pi-e-mon-te (10 - 1860),
t h a n h l a p V u o n g quoc I-ta-li-a. Vua Pi-e-mon-te l a Em-ma-nu-en I I dUpc t o n
l^m Quoc vuong, Bdc tudc Ca-vua l a m T h i i tUdng.
- N a m 1866, I-ta-li-a l i e n m i n h vdi Pho chdng Ao, giai phong dUpc Ve-ne-xi-a.
Nam 1870, v d i sU tha't b a i cua Phdp t r o n g cupc c h i e n t r a n h Phdp - P h o ,
RS-ma da thupc ve I - t a - l i - a .
- Cupc dau t r a n h t h o n g nha't I-ta-li-a mang t i n h cha't m o t cupc each m a n g
s a n , l a t do sir t h o n g t r i eiia d§' quoc Ao va cac t h e lire p h o n g ki§'n hko t h u
I-ta-li-a, tao dieu k i e n cho chii n g h i a tU ban p h a t t r i e n .
39


- V e m a t k h a c h q u a n , d a o l u a t t h i i t i e u c h e d o n o n g n o v ^ nhOmg c a i c d c h

C a u 3 : H a y n e u d $ c d i e m t i n h h i n h ntfdc MT g i C a t h e k i X I X .

ti§p t h e o , c6 t a c d u n g t a o m o t so d i e u k i e n n h a ' t d i n h c h o sir p h a t t r i e n k i n h

* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- D e n giCfa t h e k i X I X , k i n h t e M i p h a t t r i e n t h e o h a i c o n dUcfng : m i e n B d c

jg' t i r b a n c h u n g h i a d N g a . N 6 Ikm t a n g n g u o n l a o d o n g c h o c o n g

nghiep,

p h a t t r i i n n i n c o n g n g h i e p t\i b a n c h i i n g h i a , r u o n g d a t n & m t r o n g t a y cdc

n f i n g cao m o t budrc d i a v i c h i n h t r i c h o g i a i c a p tuf s a n . D u n g n h i r n h a n x e t


3) Kg't qua dat difOc.
* Hudng

C a u 4 : T r i n h bay d i i n bien v a y nghia cupc Npi chien & Mi.
* Hudng

1) Tinh hlnh ni/6c Ddc dSt

ddn trd lai :

- N g k y 12 - 4 - 1 8 6 1 , npi c h i e n b i m g n o . GiOfa n S m 1862, T 6 n g t h o n g L i n - c o n

ddn trd Idi :

1. Tinh hinh ni/6c Difc d^t

- GiOa thg' kl XIX kinh t§' \U ban chu nghTa DiJc phat trie'n

ra ygu c§u thS'ng nh§t.

nhanh ch6ng, [is mOt nude nong nghiep, niiSc Difc trft thanh
nude c6ng nghiep.

k i s^c l e n h cap d a t of m i e n T a y c h o d a n d i ciT, t a o d i e u k i e n c h o hp on d i n h cupc

- DOi ngu cong nh§n t3ng nhanh.

s o n g , p h a t tri&'n k i n h t e t r a n g t r a i . N g k y 0 1 - 1 - 1863, s^c l e n h b a i bo che do

- Quy tpc va dia chij chuyen sang kinh doanh theo loi ti/ ban

k i $ n c h o c h u n g h i a tiT b a n p h a t t r i e n d k h u v u c nky. N e n k i n h t e M l da viTdn

ba cuOc ehi§'n tranh vdi cac ni/dc lang gililg:

l e n m a n h me v a o cuo'i t h e k i X I X .

+ I\l§m 1864, Bi-xmac tan cong Dan Mach, chiS'm Hdn-

C a u 5 : H a y t r i n h b a y tinh chat v a y n g h i a c u a c a i e a c h nong no d Nga.
* Huang

ddn trd lai :

- Disc ti§'n hanh thfi'ng nha't b^ng vu lire "tir trgn xud'ng" thdng

j

xtai-nd va Sd-le-xvich thuOc HSc Hai va Ban Tich.

.

+ Nam 1866, Bi-xmac gay cnig'n tranh vdi Ac, Bifc thanh
I5p mOt Lign bang B^c Difc.

- C a i e a c h n o n g no d N g a ( 1 8 6 1 ) l a cupc ckch m ^ g t i f s a n k h S n g t r i e t de,
c o n n h i e u h a n c h e . N o d u y t r i n h i i u d a u v e t c u a t r a i tiT p h o n g k i e n , t h e h i e n

- Nam 1870 - 1871, Bi-xmac gay chien vdi Phap, thu phyc

t r § n ckc m a t c u a c h e dp c h i n h t r i va k i n h t e - x a h o i . C h i n h q u y e n

- T h o n g nhfi't d a t nxxdc, t h o n g nhfi't t h i triTfifng d&n t p c
- Tao dieu k i e n cho chu nghia tu ban p h d t t r i e n d Bile, I - t a - l i - a

d cAc

niTdc chau A u .
- Nirdc Dure

I - t a - l i - a c6 dieu k i e n dua nen k i n h te p h d t t r i e n , tii do dSn

den h i n h t h a n h cdc cong t i doc quyen r o i d i den chu n g h i a de quoc.
- C h i n h sir t h o n g n h a t do l a m cho Dufc, I-ta-li-a s a u do h a i nirdc nay t r d
th^nh nhuTtig 16 lufa g&y chien t r a n h th§' g i d i .

nha s i n h l i hoc

ngUdi N g a Pap-lop (1849 -

1936) vdi thi n g h i e m ve nhOfng

phan xa c6 dieu k i f n da n g h i e n ciJu ve h o a t dpng ciia h§ t h a n k i n h cao cap
ciia dpng v a t va con ngu6i v.v...
C&u 2 : V i sao d e n k h o a n g n d m 1900, c a c n h a tvL b a n m d i c a n h t r a n h
gay g^t ve d a u m o ? .
* Hiidng ddn trd lai :
- NhCTng n a m 30 the k i X I X , nen k i n h te tU ban chii n g h i a phat t r i e n
n h a n h chdng, m o t p h a n la do nhOmg t i e n bp cua khoa hoc - k i t h u a t , dac biet
la sir p h a t m i n h cua dpng co do't t r o n g do k i sU R. Di-e-den (Dufc) cai t i g n m d i
dirOG ap d u n g r p n g r a i . Dpng co dot t r o n g suf dung n h i e n l i e u long, k h o n g can
noi hcfi, so vdi m a y hcfi nirdc t i e n I p i hon ra't nhieu.


- 1865) nguofi Nga da m d r a k h a n&ng iJng dung m o t nguon

nang lUOng m d i . Thuye't electron

cua T6m-xorn (Anh) cho tha'y nguyen tOf

k h o n g p h a i la p h a n tuf nho n h a t cua vat chat ma trudc do ngUofi ta v l n l a m
tirdng. Nhijmg phat h i e n ve h i e n tuong phong xa cua n h a bac hoc ngudi Phap
H a n g - r i Bec-co-ren (1852 - 1908), Pi-e Q u y - r i v a M a - r i Q u y - r i da dat nen
t a n g cho viec t i m k i e m nguon n a n g luang h a t n h a n ; cong t i n h n g h i e n ciJu cua
nha v a t l i hoc ngifdi A n h E c - n 4 t Rcf-do-pho (1871 - 1937) la m o t bifdc t i e n v i
dai t r o r ^ viec t i m hiiu

ca'u triic vat cha't va t r d thanh chig'c chia k h d a t h i n

- A. B. N6-ben (1833 - 1896) la nha bac hoc Thuy D i e n da phat m i n h r a
thud'c no va cd 350 h^ng p h a t m i n h khac, dac biet la thud'c no k h o n g k h d i . TCr
nhiTng n a m (1873 - 1890) sau k h i so'ng d N g a va M i , ong ve t a i P a - r i . Sau dd,
ong n g h i hiTU t a i I - t a - l i - a va lam chQ mot gia t a i k h o n g 16 v d i t r i gia 40 t r i e u
Phcf-rang vang.
Ngay 14 - 3 - 1893, ong v i e t chiic thir t h d n h a t . Do dieu ki§n khach
quan, chiic thir thiJ nha't thay ddi vao ngay 27 - 11 - 1895 va ong da lap r a
giai thirdng N6-ben. Theo dd, so' gia tai 33 t r i e u curoon dufpc silf dung nhiT
sau : Phan vo'n gufi vao ngan hang, phan l a i hang n a m se p h a n phoi l a m giai
thufdng cho nhiJng ai t r o n g n a m triTdc da ddng gdp dircJc n h i l u cho n h a n loai.
cac lofi tuTc di/dc chia n a m p h a n b^ng nhau. P h a n thuT n h a t cho t a c gia phat
m i n h quan t r o n g nha't ve v a t l i , phan thiif h a i v l hoa hoc, p h a n t h d ba ve y
te, p h a n t h d t i r ve v a n chirong, phan thuf n a m ve m o t so' n h a n v a t n o i t i e n g
cd nhieu ddng gdp cho t i n h doan ket, hoa b i n h cua n h a n loai.

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Nguyen nhdn :

+ Do tien bo cua khoa hoc - k i thuat san xua't cong nghiep cac nUdc A u - M l
tang nhanh dan dg'n tich tu tU ban.
+ c a c nganh kinh t§' chuyen tU tU do canh tranh sang to chUc d6c quyen
dUdi nhieu hinh thUc: cacten, xanhdica, t6rat.
- Dac diem chung cua chu nghia de quoc :

+ S u tap trung san xua't va tap trung tU ban dat den mUc do phat trien
cao, tao thanh nhOfng to chUc lung doan.
+ Sir dung hap giUa tU ban ngan hang vdi tU ban cong nghiep t r d thanh
tu ban t a i chinh.

C a u 6 : Cuo'i the k i X I X - dau the k i XX, cac ntfdc ti^ ban A u - Mi c6

+ Viec xuat kh^u tU ban duac quan tam.

nhifng c h u y e n bien quan trpng gi ? Trong do, chuyen bien nao dang

+ S u hinh thanh cac khoi lien minh tU ban doc quyen chia nhau the gidi.

chii y nhat ?
* Hu6ng ddn trd. Idi :

- Cuoi the k i XIX, do sir canh tranh da lam pha s&n nhieu ca sd kinh
doanh nho, tai san tap trung d^n vao tay cac nha t u ban Idn. Xu hudng tap
trung san xua't, tap trung tU ban da dan den sU xuat hien cac to chufc doc
quyin nhU cacten, xanhdica d Bvic vk Phap, tordt d M l .
- Su tap trung san xua't, tap trung tU ban lam tang vai tr6 cua ngkn hang.

1913, len gan 4 ti. N a m 1899, tien lai cua so von xua't kh^u l a 90 tri$u livra


x t ^ c l i n g , den nftm 1912 l e n t d i 176 t r i $ u . T h i trucfng dau tiT chu y§'u cua nifdc
A n h l a cac thupc dia

mot so n d i n h u A n Dp, T r u n g Quoc, Nga, cac nUdc

M i La-tinh...
- Cac thupc dia c6 v a i t r 5 quan t r o n g do'i v d i cac de' quoc, la noi dau tiX vk
tieu t h u hkng

hoa ciia c h i n h quoc, ngu6n cung cap nguyen lieu va n h a n c6ng

re m a t , cung cap b i n h l i n h cho nhufng cuoc chien t r a n h . . .
C a u 3 : T a i s a o t r o n g g i a i d o a n de q u d c c h u n g h i a , m a u t h u l n x a h ^ i
n g a y c a n g g a y g^t ?
* Huang dan trd lai :
Trong giai doan de quoc chii nghia, cac mau thuSn xa hpi : glOra cac midc de
quoc vdi nhau, giijfa de quoc vdd nhan dan thuoc dia, giCfa giai cap tuf san v6i c6ng
nhan vk nhSn dan lao dong trong c^c nude tiT ban... cang t r d nen sau s^c.
- Chu n g h i a d§' qu6'c v d i de quoc luon t r a n h chap thuoc dia.
- G i a i cap t\i san boc l o t g i a i cap cong n h a n .
- Chu n g h i a de quoc vd v6t t h o n g t r i cdc nude thuoc dia.

C&u 2 : T i n h h i n h k i n h te, c h i n h t r i c i i a P h a p v a c nhvCng n a m cuo';
th^' ki' X I X - d a u t h e k i X X d i e n r a nhrf the n a o ?
* Hi^^ng ddn trd lai :
. Tinh hinh kinh ti' :
+ Den cuo'i the k i X I X , san xua't cong nghiep cua Phap t u t xuo'ng hhiw,


dua vu t r a n g de t r a m o i t h u v d i DuTc, t i e n hanh nhiJng cuoc chife'n t r a n h xaro

K H O A

C a u 1 : V i s a o s a u n a m 1870, A n h m a t d i a v i d p c q u y e n c o n g n g h i ^ p ,

chie'm thupc dia, chu yeu d k h u vuc chau A va chau P h i .
+ Den trirdc C h i e n t r a n h the' g i d i thuf n h a t , thupc dia ciia Phap diigc m d

con cong nghi^p P h a p thi phat trien ch$m ?

rpng chi diJng sau A n h , v d i dien t i c h gan 11 t r i e u k m ^ va 55,5 t r i e u dan.

* Hudng d&n trd Idi :

C S u 3 : N e u m p t so s\i k i ^ n chufng to k i n h te Dilfc p h a t t r i e n m a n h .

- Sau n a m 1870 cong nghiep A n h m a t dan dia v i dpc quyen v i :
+ M a y moc xuKt hi§n sdm hcfn cAc niTdc h a n g may chuc nftm.
+ N h i e u t h i e t b i cu k i ducc t i c h l a i .
+ Sif canh t r a n h quyet l i e t cua cac niTdc tii ban m d i phdt t r i l n ( M i , DiJc).
- Cong n g h i e p Phap p h ^ t t r i e n Cham l a i :
+ TrUdc n a m 1870, Phap l a nirdc cong n g h i ^ j j ^ i e n t i e n dufng thuf h a i t h e
gidi sau A n h . Sau n a m 1871, k i n h te Phap phdt t r i e n c h $ m l a i v i :
+ Phap t h a t bai t r o n g cuoc chien t r a n h Phdp -

Phd do d6 p h a i boi

thirdng chien t r a n h .

chu nghia de quo'c Pha'p dUPc goi la "chu n g h i a de quo'c cho vay l a i " .
C a u 6 : V i s a o gidfi c a m q u y e n Dtfc r a o r i e t c h u a n b i c h i e n t r a n h t h e
gidri ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- DUc budc vao con dudng t U ban chu n g h i a tUPng do'i cham, nen k h i t r d
t h a n h cUdng quo'c cong nghiep t h i p h a n Idn dat dai t r e n the g i d i da la thupe
dia hoac nijfa thupe dia cua A n h , Phap va cae nUde tU ban khac. Ngay tU thap

+ K h o n g b i r a n g buoc bdi t a n dii che do phong k i e n lac hau, k h o n g gap

N h d do, chi tii n&m

:

tri :

+ D i l n g dau C h i n h phii M i l a Tong thong. H a i dAng tU san : Cpng hoa
Dan chu t h a y n h a u len cam q u y l n .
+ M i cham t r e t r o n g vi$c xkm chiem t h i trUdng th§' g i d i .
+ NhQng nam 80 thg' k i X I X t r d d i , M i lap tufc vUcfn r a ngoai l a n h tb^
cua m i n h . N S m 1898, M i gay chien v d i Tay B a n N h a de ciTdp Phi-lip-pii'

ni§n t h e k i X I X , DUc cong k h a i ddi chia l a i t h i trUdng va thupe dia t h e gidi.
Rao r i e t chay dua vu t r a n g chuan b i gay chien, d i n den mau t h u l n giUa DUc
vdi A n h va Phap cang sau s^c. TU do, d chau A u h i n h t h a n h h a i t a p doan
chong doi nhau : M o t ben l a DUc, Ao - H u n g va Tho N h i K i ; m o t ben l a A n h ,
Phap, Nga. Ca h a i t a p doan nay deu 6m mpng x a m luac va dien cuong chay
dua vu t r a n g .
- Dac d i e m chu de quoc DiJc : l a chu nghia qu&n Phiet



ddn trd Idi :

- So vdi cac nudc de qudc khdc, M i cham t r i t r o n g viec x a m chiem t h i
t r u d n g the gidi v i m a i lo c h i n h phuc dat dai r p n g I d n cf m i e n T r u n g va mien
Tay ntrdc M i . Den nhufng n a m 80 the k i X I X , k h i bien g i d i M i da cham bd
T h d i B i n h Dudng, lap tufc gidi cam quyen M i thitc h i e n a m miOi b a n h t r u d n g
ra ngoM l a n h tho nUdc M i .
- Nirdc M i d i n h h i n h chien liTpc banh trUdng theo h a i hudng: Xuong p h i a
N a m l a m chu T r u n g N a m M i va sang phia Tay chiem l i n h m ot so hon dao
t r e n T h a i B i n h Duong de l a m ban dap sang chau A. M i thuc h i p n c h i n h sach
"cai gay" v^ "ngoai giao dong do l a " t r o n g qua t r i n h b a n h t r i f d n g . K l i i xam
chiem thuoc dia, M i k h o n g t h i e t lap che dp thuoc dia theo nguyen mku ciia
A n h , Phap ma lap cac nudc cong hoa c6 be ngoai d6c lap, n h u n g thifc cha't l a
thuoc dia cua M i .
- Nam 1898, M i gay chien vdi Tay Ban N h a de xSm chiem P h i - l i p - p i n va

- T r o n g t h d i ki nay, n h i l u cong ti d6c quyen xufit h i g n d h^u hgt cac
oganh cong nghipp : k h a i thdc t h a n , det, thuoc l a , hda cha't, luypn k i m , vSn
t ^ i va dac biet t r o n g l l n h vUc i i g i n hang.
. Nen ndng nghiSp A n h cung lam vao t i n h t r a n g khung hoang t r a m trong.
vao cuoi the k i X I X , gia liia m i nhap tir chau Au va M i r a t re trong k h i gia luctog
thirc s a n xua't t r o n g nudc l a i rait cao do che dp thue khoa. V i the, giai cgip t u san
js^h lao vao bu6n ban luotng thuc hon la dau t u vao san xua't ndng nghipp.
2 : Hay n e u nhffng net Idrn ve tinh hinh chinh tri nvidc A n h cuoi

the ki X I X - dau the k i XX.
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- V I h i n h thurc, nudc A n h la mot vUPng quoc nhuTng thiTc chat theo che dp

- Ttr cuoi t h a p ni§n 70, A n h ma't d^n dia vi doc quyen cong nghiep, do wky,
m a t luon ca v a i t r o l u n g doan t h i trUdng the gidi. M i va Dure la nhOmg nudc tif
ban phat t r i e n sau n h i m g l a i vUpt A n h . T i n h r i e n g ve san lupng th6p :
^

^

^

Nirdc

^
^

^

^

^

(fl/c: tri^u

Ti 16 gia tSng

1900

1800

N3m



910

- Tuy v a i t r o ba chu the gidi ve cong nghiep b i g i a m sut, A n h van chiem
OU the ve t a i c h i n h , xuat k h a u t i f ban, thuong m a i , h a i quan va thupc dia.
50

- D i l m n o i bat cua qud t r i n h phat t r i e n cong nghiep Ddc bay gid la sU tap
trung san xuat va h i n h thanh cAc t 6 ehufe dpc quyen d i i n r a sdm h d n n h i i u
nudc khac d chau A u . H i n h thufc dpc quyen pho bien d Ddc la cacten vk
^anhdica.
' N o n g nghipp cua Dure cung cd nhufng t i e n bp n h u i i g eham chap han do
J'l^c tie'n h a n h caeh m a n g t U san k h o n g t r i p t de. P h a n Idn rupng da't t^p
^^^g t r o n g tay quy toe va dia chu.

Cau 4 : T r i n h bay nhtfng net I6n
**ay.
^^ong

tinh hinh chinh tri d DiJc thdi ki

ddn trd Idi :

3 "
Ph^P IS"^!