Nhdn xet :
- So v(Ji n a m 1913 t h i san luang cdc sdn phSm d Nga gidm siit nghiem
t r p n g , d i l u do chijfng to r&ng k i n h te nKdc N g a X6 v i e t dang gap r a t nhieu
kho k h a n .
- NhOrng k h 6 k h a n , thur t h a c h do dat r a cho rnldc N g a X6 vi§'t cAn p h a i c6
c h i n h sach ve k i n h te cho phu hop de d\ia dat nUdc t h o a t k h o i k h i i n g hoang.
l a i b^t d a u tit

C a u 3 : V i s a o v i ^ c t h i i c h i ^ n C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m6i
nong nghiep ?

- Mac du C O sir chenh ISch v l t r i n h do phat t r i e n k i n h te, v l dien t i c h va
dan so giOfa cac nifdc cong hoa, nhung tir tircmg c h i dao co ban cua L e - n i n l a s a
binh d i n g ve moi mat va quyen t u quyet ciia cac d a n tpc, sir giiip dor iSn nhau
cung phat t r i e n v i muc tieu chung la xay difng t h a n h cong chu nghia x a hpi.
. D§'n cuoi n a m 1925,, n h d siT n6 lUc ciia cac nifdc cpng hoa. L i e n Xo da
jioan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te sau chien t r a n h .
C S u 6 : V a i t r o c u a V . I . L e - n i n t r o n g c o n g c u p c k h o i p h u c k i n h te v a ;
p h a t t r i e n d a t ni^dfc s a u chie'n t r a n h .
* HU&ng ddn trd lai :

* Huong d&n trd lai :
C h i n h sdch k i n h tS" mcJi d Nga b i t dau tuf nong nghiep, ma quan t r o n g
n h a t l a t h a y the che dp triftig t h u liTcfng thifc thiTa b k n g ch§' do thue ItfOng
thifc. Sd d i n h a vay v i :
- Do'i v d i niTdc N g a liic nay de thoat ra k h o i k h u n g hoang, n o n g nghiep la
k h a u can ban, tiT do c6 t h e keo theo toan bo day chuygn ciia cugc phat t r i e n
luc lirong san xua't.
- Viec n o n g dan diTcfc t i f do ban liTOng thUc r a t h i triTdng sau k h i nop du
thue se l a m cho ho p h a n k h d i san xua't, nang cao n a n g sua't lao dpng, san
xuS't n o n g nghiep phuc h o i n h a n h chong.


Nam

Ngu coc ( t r i e u ta'n)

37,6

56,6

Gang ( t r i e u ta'n)

0,1

0,3

Thep ( t r i e u ta'n)

0,2

0,7

V a i spi ( t r i e u met)

105,0

691,0

Dien (trieu kw/h)

0,55

- Qua h a i ke hoach 5 n a m , cong cupc xay diTng chu n g h i a xa h p i da dat
dirpc n h i e u t h a n h tiAi to I d n , diTa L i e n Xo tiT mot nirdc nong nghiep lac hau
t r d thanh mot cUfifng quoc cong nghiep xa h p i chii nghia. N a m 1937,

la L i e n x6), gom bon nifdc

Cpng hoa X6 viet dau t i e n la Nga, U-crai-na, Be-16-rut-xi-a va Ngoai Cap-ca-do.

san

lupng cong n g h i e p c h i e m 77,4% t o n g san lirpng quoc dan.
- T r o n g n o n g nghiep, cong cupc tap the h6a nong nghiep da dira 93% so

viet toan L i e n bang d i i n r a cuoi t h a n g 12 - 1922 da tuyen b6' t h a n h lap L i e n

126

chu nghia xa hpi, n h a n dSn

k h 6 i t i n h t r a n g san xua't lac hau, vdi nen nong nghiep chiem t r e n 2/3 tong

- NiMc N g a da day m a n h diigc san xuat va luu t h o n g h a n g hod.

bang Cong hoa xa h p i chu nghia X6 v i e t (gpi tit

d i J t a g

L i e n X o p h a i thrfc h i ^ n n h i ^ m v u c o n g n g h i e p h o a ?
* Huang ddn trd lai :


Chi'nh sach c6ng sdn \W\n

Chinh sach kinh te mtfl

Hoan dnh

- Noi dung Chinh

sach kinh te mdi :

+ T h a y che do t r i m g t h u Itfcfng thiTc thifa bling thue lifcmg thuc.
+ Cho phep t u n h a n xay dung nhCifng x i nghiep nho, k h u y e n k h i c h t i f ban
niTdc ngo^i dau tii k i n h doanh d Nga.
+ N h ^ nufdc nim ckc mach mau k i n h t e .
+ Tir n h a n dUOc tir do bu6n b ^ n , trao doi.

+ T h e h i e n sif chuyen doi k i p t h d i , d l y sang tao tiT n e n k i n h te m a N h a

*Hudng ddn trd Idi:

nude nAm doc quyen v4 m o i m a t sang n e n k i n h te nhieu t h d n h p h a n v a tU do

Ti6u chi so sanh

Chinh sach c6ng sin thofl chl6'n

Chinh sach kinh te' m6i

Hoan canh



- Tg do bu6n ban, mb lai cac chq.

quan 11, phSn phS'i lifong thgc,

- Cho phep tu nhSn m6 cac xi

v i et t o ^ n L i e n b a n g d i l n r a cuoi t h a n g 12 - 1922 da tuyen bo t h ^ n h l a p L i e n

thgc pham.

nghiep nhjO.

bang Cong h6a x a h o i chu nghia Xo vie t (goi iit

- Thi hanh che dp lao dfing bk

- K^yg'n •• khich tu b^n nude

cong hoa Xo v i et dau t i e n l a Nga, U-crai-na, Be-lo-riit-xi-a va Ngoai Cdp-ca-do.

bu6c.

ngoai'dau tu kinh doanh 6 Nga.

- Tap trung loan bo site ngudi,
si/c cua de chong thu trong giac
ngoai

- Phyc hoi, phat trien kinh te,

Tac dgng

Tac dgng

C a u 1 : T r i n h bay hoan canh, n p i dung v a y nghia c u a C h i n h sach

- Y nghia:

IMOi dung

NOi dung

I I . C A U H 6 I VA B A I T A P B 6 SUNG

- Dudi su c h i dao trUc ti§'p ciaa V . I . L 6 - n i n , D a i h o i I a n thuf nhS't cac Xo
l a L i e n xo), gom bon nUde

- Ngay 21-1-1924, V . I . L e - n i n , l a n h t u v i dai cua giai cap v6 s ^ , ngUdi ducng
dan L i e n xo, giai cap cong nhan quoc te va cac dan tpc b i dp bUe t r e n toan the
gidi. Sau k h i L e - n i n m^t, X t a - l i n len thay, tiep tuc lanh dao cong cupc xay dung
.
129


C a u 3 : E m C O nhgn xet gi ve " C h i n h sach k i n h te mdri"? Theo hieu
biet cua em Dang C^ng san V i ? t Nam c6 v|ln dung chinh sach nay
trong thdi k i doi m«Ji khong ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Co the xem "Chinh sach kinh te m6i" la mot budrc liii nhimg la mot biTdc
lui ckn thiet de Lien Xo vuot qua nhufng kho khan thuf thach, tao da vOrng


GlOfA HAI C U Q C CHIEN TRANH THE

NGHTA

GICll (1918 - 1 9 3 9 )

Bai 25
K H A I Q U A T C A C Nl/CfC TlT B A N C H U N G H I A GltJA H A I
C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GlCfl (1918 - 1939)

cAu

H6I, B A I TAP

cd

BAN

C a u 1 : T r i n h bay cac giai doan phat trien chinh cua chu nghia ivt
ban gii?a hai C U Q C chien tranh the giofi (1918 - 1939).
* Huang ddn trd lai:
- Chien tranh the gidi thuT nhat ket thiic, cac nUdc tU ban to chijfc Hoi nghi
Vec-xai (1919-1920) va Hoi nghi Oa-sinh-tdn de phan chia quyen loi. Trat tu
Vec-Oa hinh thanh.
- Mifdi nam sau chien tranh, cdc ni/dc iii ban phat t r i ^ n qua 2 giai doan :
+ Giai doan 1918 - 1923: Cac nifdc tuf ban (trir Mi) lam vao t r i n h trang
khung hoang k i n h te, chinh t r i , bieu hien d sif suy sup ve kinh te va cao trao
each mang biing len manh me.
+ Giai doan 1924 - 1929: Cac nude tiT ban budc v^o thdi k i on dinh ve


Oang Bon-se-vich thi/c hi§n chinh sach kinh tg' mfli.

2. 12-1922

Lien bang Cong hoa xa hpi chu nghTa X6 vig't thanh lap.

3. 1940

Nang t6ng so 15 nt/flc gia nhSp Lien x4

4. 1926 -1929

Ti§'n hanh cong nghiep h6a.

5. 1928 - 1932

Ke hoach 5 n§m l^n thil nhat.

6. 1933 - 1937

Ke hoach 5 nam Ian thCf hai.

7. 1936

San li/cfng cong nghiep difng dau chau Au.

8. 6-1941

DiJc tan cong Lien X6.

cho giai cS'p v6 san va eae dan toe thuoc dia muo'n dau tranh gianh t h ^ n g l o i
phdi lien minh, lien k e t vdi nhau, thire hien khau hieu eua L e - n i n : "Vo san
t a t ca ede nifdc va cac dan tde b i dp hdc doan ket l a i " .
- D a i h o i I a n V I I (1935), Quoc te Cong san da chi ro nguy eo cua ehu nghia
phdt x i t va keu goi cac D a n g Cong san tich cUe dau tranh thanh lap cAc m a t
tran thong nha't cong n h a n va cde life li/ong tien bo n h ^ m muc tieu chong
phdt x i t , chong chien tranh.
+ N h 6 c6 chu truong cua Quoc te Cong san t a i D a i h o i V I I m ^ cdc nude
da Ian lirot thanh lap m a t tran n h a n dan chong phat x i t , chong ehien tranh,
bdo ve hok binh.
+ M & t tran n h a n dan cdc nirde ra d d i da tap hop dufoc m o t lure lifOng cdch

+ D6'i v d i Du-c, I - t a - l i - a , N h a t B d n t i m kig'm 16'i t h o d t b ^ n g h i n h thilc
l o n g t r i m d i . D6 Ik t h i e t lip cAc che do doc t ^ i p h 6 t x i t - n e n chuy§n c h i n h
l u n g b6' cong k h a i cua nhOng the lUc p h d n dpng n h a t , hieu chi§'n nha't. K h i
l u n g h i a p h d t x i t h i n h t h a n h nguy co chien t r a n h the g i d i m d i bung no.
ijau 5 : M a t tr|ln n h a n d a n P h a p d a g i a n h djt^Tc t h ^ n g l^ti nhut the nao ?
\ ddn trd Idi :
- Thing l o i eua M a t t r a n n h a n dan Phdp t r o n g nhOfng n a m 1936 - 1939 la
lif k i e n n o i bat t r o n g euoc dau t r a n h chong chii n g h i a p h a t x i t .
- T r o n g euoc t o n g t u y e n cuT t h d n g 5 - 1936, M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phap
kanh diioe t h d n g l o i , l e n n ^ m c h i n h quyen d Phdp v a thanh I d p c h i n h
|hu do Le-6ng B o - l u m duTng dau.
- Phong t r a o M a t t r ^ n N h a n dan da bdo v$ diioc nen dan chu, difa nude
idp viigt qua h i e m hoa ehu nghia phat x i t .
- D a i h o i V I I Quoc t e C o n g san (1935) d l cao viec thanh lap M a t t r a n
ifhan d:an Pnap, coi do l a k i n h n g h i e m can phS bien r o n g r a i cho cdc nifdc
ang CUQC dau t r a n h chong p h a t x i t va nguy cO chien t r a n h .
i^au 6 : N e u nhi]^ng h a u q u a ve c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a c u p c
h o a n g k i n h te (1929 - 1933) d o i vdri c a c nifdrc tuf b a n .

+ N h i e u cuoe dau tranh eua nhuCng ngiTcfi that nghiep d i l n ra d kh^p cac niidc.
+ Be doa sir t o n t a i ciia ehu nghia tU ban.
- De g i d i quyet khung hoang :
+ D o i v d i A n h , Phap, M i : tien h a n h eai cdch kinh te - xa h o i , doi mdfi
qud trinh quan l i , to ehiJc san xuat.
132

7 : P h o n g t r a b Mfit t r ^ n N h a n d&n c h o n g p h a t x i t vk n g u y

cd

* Hudng ddn trdtdi :
- Thang 7 - 1935, Qu6c te Cpng skn ti§n h a n h D a i h p i I a n thuf V I I chi dao
cho cdc D a n g Cong san thanh lap M a t t r a n n h a n dan chong phat x i t .
- ThUc h i $ n ehu trUOng ciia Quoc te Cpng san. M a t t r a n Nhan dan chong
phat x i t duoc thanh lap d Phap, I-ta-li-a, Tiep Kh^e, H i L a p , Tay Ban N h a . .

lich suf cdc nifdc t i f h&n ehu nghia.
chinh t r i xa h 6 i .

khung

1936.

1936.

II. cAu H 6 I VA B A I T A P B O SUNG
Cau

1 : T r i n h bay nguyen n h a n va d i e diem ciia phong trao each

- Hodn cdnh :
+ T r o n g n h a n g n a m 1918 t h a n h lap d cdc nUdc.

4 : C a c nx^drc tuf b a n c h u n g h i a g i 4 i quyS't k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te

k h u n g bo' cong k h a i cua nhiJng the luc phan dong n h a t , hieu chi§'n nhd't.

1923, cic D^ng C6ng san Ian liTort difoc

Cau

5 : T a i s a o Q u o c te C ^ n g s a n q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p M S t train

pOian d a n c h o n g P h a t x i t of m 6 i ntfdtc?

+ Su p h d t t r i e n n h a n h chong cua phong t r ^ o each m a n g the g i d i .

SIJT

r a ddi ciia MSt tr$n N h a n

dSn P h a p c 6 t a c d u n g n h i f t h e n a o d e n e a c h m a n g V i ^ t N a m ?

+ Trudc t i n h d6, d5i h 6 i p h a i c6 mot to chuTc quoc te de tap hop life luong

•

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

vk chi dao phong t r a o theo m p t dudng l o i diing d^n.


ki^n het sde ndng ne. Viec thire hign nhOttig dieu khodn cua H6a irdc Idm cho dat
nude von da k i e t que sau bdn ndm chien t r a n h t r d nen hoan toan roi loan.
- D l g i d i quyet nhufng k h o k h d n t r e n , Ddc n h a n h chong lao vdo con dudng
^phdt x i t hod bo mdy n h d nude de gdy ehi§'n t r a n h the gidi.
/

'

.

135


;au 5 : L ^ p b a n g h # t h o n g k i e n thtfc v e c a c g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c^a
tifdrc D i t c givta h a i c u p c e h i e n t r a n h t h e giori (1918 - 1929).

C a u 2 : N e u n h i f n g d i e m n o i b $ t c u a t i n h h i n h ntfdc Dtfc t r o n g
nhiTng n a m 1924 - 1929.
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Cu6'i n a m 1923, nifdc Dure da vUort qua diTcfc thfifi k i k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t e

Hudng

\h e h i n h t r i sau ehien t r a n h .

- Ve e h i n h t r i , ehg' do Cong h5a Vai-ma duoe cung co, quyen life eua g i d i t u
bdn doc quyen duoe t a n g eudng. C h i n h phii t u sdn t h i h a n h e h i n h sdch d a n
ap phong t r a o dau t r a n h ciia cong n h a n . Cae ddng t u s a n cong k h a i tuyen
t r u y e n tU t u d n g phuc t h u eho nUde DUc.

phyc tinh trang h6n loan ve tai chinh, tao da
cho nen kinh te khoi phuc va phat trien.

Che dQ Cpng hoa Vai-ma duoc cijng co, quy^n
cang gay gSt din t6i li^c cua gi6i tu ban dOc quy^n duoc tSng cudng.
SI; biing n6 cupc cich Chfnh phu tu san thi hSnh chinh sach dan ap
m?ng dan chu tir shn phong trao dau tranh cua c6ng nhan. Cac dang
tu san c6ng khai tuy§n truyen tu tudng phyc thii
Mng 11-1918.
cho nufic OCfc. V§ ddi ngoai, vj trf qu6'c te cua
na6c DUc dSn d^n duoc phyc hoi v6i viec nu6c
nay tham gia HOi Quoe lien, ki k6't mSt so higp
Uflc v6i cac nu6c tu ban ehau Au va Lien x6.
IViau thuan xa hoi ngay

- Sau cu6e k h u n g h o a n g Icinh te 1929 - 1933, n e n k i n h te DUc b i k i e t que.
Mau t h u S n va CUOC dau t r a n h eua quan ehung lao dong da d S n t d i cuoc k h u n g

hoang ve c h i n h t r i . G i a i cap tU san k h o n g du sUc duy t r i che do cong hoa,
k h o n g t h e dua da't nUdc t h o d t k h o i k h i i n g hoang.
- T r o n g bo'i c a n h do D a n g Quo'e x a t a n g cUdng boat dong, m d r 6 n g d n h
hudng t r o n g quan ehung. D d n g Quoe xa da k i c h dong ehu n g h i a phue t h u , chu
n g h i a cho'ng cong va chii trUOng p h a t x i t hod bo m d y n h a nUdc.
- T r o n g k h i g i d i d a i tU b a n ngay cang u n g hp luc lUcfng p h a t x i t , D a n g

Nl/ficDtfc 1924 -1929

1918 - 1923

Cfiu 6 : H i t - l e l e n n a m q u y e n d Ddfc t r o n g b o i c a n h nhijf t h e n a o ?


mk chu t r u o n g p h d t x i t h o d bd m d y n h d nUdc.

* Hudng

• 1 - D d n g Cpng sdn Dure da keu goi quan chiing dd'u t r a n h d l t h d n h lap M a t

ddn trd Idi :

- C h i n h q u y i n H i t - l e t d n g cUdng cdc hoat dpng c h u i n b i ehien t r a n h :
+ T h d n g 10 - 1933, nude Dure tuyen bo r u t k h o i H ^ i Quoe l i e n de duoc tU
do h d n h dpng.
+ N d m 1935, H i t - l e b a n h d n h l $ n h t o n g dpng v i e n quan d i c h , tuydn b6'
t h d n h l a p dOi quan t h u d n g true v d bdt dau t r i e n k h a i cdc hoat dpng qudn sU
d ehau A u .

a|

•'

+ D e n n d m 1938, v d i dpi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngUdi cung 30000 xe t d n g va
k h o d n g 4000 m d y bay, nUdc Diie da t r d t h d n h m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, d i i sde
t i e n h d n h cae k e hoach gay ehien t r a n h x a m lupe.
N h u vay, H i t - l e d d rdo r i e t ehuan b i t i e n t d i eupe ehien t r a n h t h e gidi.
Dure I d t h u p h a m eham ngoi eho cupe ehien t r a n h t h e g i d i dau t i e n t r o n g l i c h
siif n h d n loai.
136

P$n t h o n g nha't ehong chu nghia phat x i t n h u n g k h o n g t h d n h . Dieu do da
Ifeao dieu k i e n cho c a c t h e lUe p h d t x i t l e n cdm quyen d Dufc.

+ T h a n g 10 - 1933, niXdc DiJc tuyen bo r u t k h o i H o i Quoc l i d n de dirqc t q
do h & n h dong.
+ N a m 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t6ng dong v i e n quan dich, tuy§n bo
t h ^ n h l a p d6i quan thufdng true
b^t dau t r i e n k h a i cAc boat dong qufin sy
or chau Au.
+ D e n n a m 1938, \6i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngifcri cung 30000 xe t a n g va
k h o a n g 4000 may bay, midc Dufc da trof thanh m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, du siic
t i e n h a n h cdc k§' hoaeh gay chien t r a n h x a m laac.

- D a n g Cong san DiJc ( t h a n h lap t h a n g 12 - 1918) da
trao.

D i n h cao eua

phong

trao

trUc

tiep l a n h dao

l a cuoc n o i day cua cong n h a n vung

Ba-vi-e t h a n g 4 - 1919, ddn den sq t h a n h lap nirdc Cong hoa X6 v i e t Ba-vi-e.
- Cuoc khdi n g h i a vQ t r a n g ciia cong n h a n Ham-buoc t h a n g 10 - 1923 la
a m hifofng cuoi eimg cua can bao tap each m a n g v6 san d Diic.
C a u 2 : D a n g Q u o c x a l e n c a m q u y e n of Dtfc t r o n g h o a n c a n h n a o ?
T i n h h i n h nvldc Dulc t r o n g t h d i k i D a n g Q u o c x a c a m q u y e n .

+ Cuoc k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi eudi n a m 1929 da giang dbn nang
trudc k h u n g hoang. Hang ngan nha may, x i nghiep p h a i ddng cufa. So

ngUdi

that nghiep l e n t d i h o n 5 t r i e u ngirdi. MSu t h u a n xa hpi va cupc dau t r a n h
cua quan chiing lao dong da dan t d i cuoc k h u n g hoang c h i n h t r i t r a m t r o n g .
+ G i a i cap tq san cam quyen k h o n g du

sufc

m a n h de duy t r i che do cong

hoa t i f san, dua da't nxidc vufqt qua cuoc k h u n g hoang do. T r o n g bdi canh do.
D a n g Qu5c xa l e n cam quyen d Dufc.
hinh

3 : N e u nhx&ig net cof b a n ve midc Dutc t r o n g thofi k i p h a t x i t Hit-le

|p!33-1939).

ddn trd Idi :

ne vao n i n k i n h te DiJc. Nam 1932, san xuat cong nghiep g i a m 4 7 % so vdi

• Tinh

lat x i t l e n cam quyen d DuTc.

tki, cong k h a i k h i i n g b d cac dang p h a i dan chu t i e n bo, trufdc het la D a n g

, tuyen b d t h a n h lap doi quan thifdng trqc va hAt ddu t r i l n k h a i cac hoat

g quan sq d chau Au. Deri nam 1938, v d i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngirdi cung
|000 xe t a n g v a k h o a n g 4000 may bay, niTdc Dufc da t r d t h a n h m o t t r a i l i n h

nuac BUc :

Idng 16, d i i siic t i e n hanh cac k d hoach gay chien t r a n h x a m luqc.

+ D a n g Quoc xa ngay ckng m d rong anh hudng t r o n g q u i n chiing. Cac thu
l i n h ciia dang nay, dilng dau la Hit-le, r a

sufc

tuyen truyen k i c h dong chu nghia

phuc t h i i , chu nghia chdng c6ng va phan biet chiing toe. Chiing chu truong phat
x i t hoa bO mdy nha niidc, thig't lap che dp do dpc tai k h u n g bd cong k h a i .
138

139


Bai27

Nl/(3C M i GIGA

HAI C U O C C H I E N T R A N H

(1918

xuat day chuyen v a m d r 6 n g quy mo san xuat da dita n e n k i n h t e M i bifdc vao
t h d i k i p h o n v i n h t r o n g t h a p n i e n 20 cua t h e k i X X .

. M l sdm ap dung t h a n h tiTu khoa hoc - k i t h u a t vao t r o n g san xua't.
- M i b i e t sijf dung phifomg phap quan l i san xuat t i e n t i e n , m d r p n g quy mo
chuyen m o n hod t r o n g san xua't.
Cfiu 5 : N h f i n g d i e m cot b a n t r o n g c h i n h s a c h t h o a t k h o i k h u n g

- Mac du dat mure tSng tru&ng cao nhiftig sir phat t r i e n k i n h te chay theo lai
nhuan, theo cong nghiep \,\S do t h a i qua da diTa den siT phat t r i ^ n khong dong bo
giOfa cac nganh cong nghiep, giOfa cong nghi$p v d i nong nghiep, v ^ n o i chung,

hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) c u a M i l a gi ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- De dijfa nifdc M i thoat r a k h o i cuoc k h u n g hoang, Tdng t h o n g P h . Ru-do-

khong CO ke hoach d k i h a n cho sir can doi giufa san xuat vk tieu dung.

v^n da thufc h i e n c h i n h sach mdi. C h i n h sach m d i da giai quyet du'cfc m o t sd

C a u 2: V i s a o p h o n g t r a o c o n g n h a n v S n d i l n r a n g a y t r o n g thcfi k i

vifti de cot b a n cua nifdc M i t r o n g con k h i i n g hoang nguy k i c h . N h a mfdc t\X san

p h o n v i n h c u a k i n h te M i ?

da tang ciidng v a i t r o cua m i n h t r o n g viec cilu t r d ngifcfi t h a t nghiep, tao t h e m

* Hudng ddn trd Idi:


ah bao t r i i m t o a n t h e g i d i , Qudc h o i M i da t h o n g qua h a n g loat dao luat
giOf v a i t r o t r u n g lap t r o n g cAc cuoc xung dot quan sir ben ngoai nifdc M i .

Chinh sach do da gop p h a n khuyen k h i c h chu n g h i a p h a t x i t t i f do h a n h
^ng, gay r a cuoc chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i .
C A U H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G
i u 1 : H a y n § u t o m t a t t i n h h i n h k i n h te v a c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a M i

cai t h i e n quan he v d i c a c nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n dxiac M i coi l a "san sau" ciia

fong

m i n h v a t h i e t l a p quan he ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6.

tifong thoTi k i n a y .

- Doi v d i c a c niTdc M i L a - t i n h : Tir n a m 1934, Ch|nh ghu Ru-do-ven c h f o i d u t
cuoc can t h i ^ p vu t r a n g , t i e n h k n h thiTcfng liicmg, htm h e n trao t r a doc lap, nhkiu
xoa diu cuoc dau t r a n h chong M i va cung co v i t r i cua M i d k h u viTc nay.
- D o i v d i L i e n X 6 : TCr n a m 1933 C h i n h p h u Ru-dcf-ven da c h i n h thiJc cor
n h a n v a thig't l $ p quan h? ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6. Viec l a m nay xua't phat t •
nhumg Icfi i c h cua M i . T r e n thifc t e , c h i n h quyen Ru-da-ven vSn k h o n g tii ho
l^p t r i r d n g chong cong san.

thdn

thien n h a m cai t h i e n quan he v d i cac nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n diTpc M i coi l a

g i a m Slit.
c6ng nghi(?p t h a n , l u y § n thep, v a n t a i dufdng sAt... T h a n g 5 - 1921,

+ Thcfi k i tang trUorng cao cua kinh te M i trong thap nien 20 gdn lien vdi
suf cam quyen cua cac tong thong thuoc Dang Cong hoa. Chinh phu cua Dang
Cong hoa mot mat de cao sir phon vinh cua nen kinh te, mat khac t h i hand
chinh sach ngan chan cong nhan dau tranh, dan dp nhufng tu tutorng tien bo
trong phong tr^o cong nhan.
+ Phong trao dau tranh cua cong nhan d i i n ra soi noi trong cac nganh

cong nghiep than, luyen thep, van t ^ i dudng sdt... Thang 5 - 1921, Dang
Cong san M i dirge thanh lap tren ca s6 hdp nha't Dang Cong san cong nhan
M l va Dang Cong san
ra ddi truTdc d6 (1919), danh dau budc phat trieu
cua phong trao cong nhan M i .
- Nhdn xct chung : Day la thdi k i "hoang k i m " cua nirdc M i , song trong
16ng no da chiJa dimg nhCttig mam mong cua sir khung hoang. Mac diu kinh
te phat trien nhung dori song ciia cong nhan va nhan dan lao dong vSn kh6
sd, nhieu cuoc dau tranh cua cong nhan bung no.
C a u 2 : V i sao cupc khiing hoang k i n h te no r a dau tien d Mi ? CUQC
khiing hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) d Mi didn r a nhif the nao ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Vi sao :
Ngay trong thcfi k i phon thinh, nen kinh te cua M i da hoc lo nhOfng han
ch§': nhieu nganh cong nghiep chi suf dung 60% den 80% cong sua't, nan that
nghiep thirdng xuyen xay ra, san xuat 6 at, chay theo Icfi nhuan, phat tri§n
khong dong bo giOfa cac nganh, ma't can do'i giOa cung va cau. Do chinh la
nguyen nhan din tdi cupc khiing hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933).
- Khiing hoang diin ra :
+ Cuoi thang 10 - 1929, nirdc M i lam vao cuoc khung hoang kinh tg' chiTa
timg thay : Hang nghin ngan hang, cong t i cong nghiep va thufcfng mai bi pha san.
+ Den cuoi mua h ^ nSm 1932, san xuat cong nghiep M i giam 2 l i n so vdi
nam 1929, 75% dan trai bi pha san, hang tri$u ngirdi tha't nghiep.

Ihinh sach do da gop phan khuyen khich cbu nghia phat x i t tU do hanh
)ng, gay ra cuoc chien tranh the gidi thiir hai.

Bai28
NHAT BAN GI0A HAI CUOC C H I E N TRANH T H E G i d l
(1918

cAu

H6I, B A I T A P

cd

-1939)

BAN

fiu 1 : T i n h h i n h nufdtc Nhgt trong nhiJng nam dau sau C h i e n tranh
6' gidfi thiir nhat nhif the nao ?
Huang ddn trd Idi :
- Nude Nhat la nUdc thuf hai sau M i thu dugc nhieu Igi trong Chien tranh
le gidi t h d nhat. Lgi dung su suy giam kha nSng kinh te cua cdc nUdc tU
dn chau Au trong chien tranh. Nhat Ban da tang cUdng san xua't hang hoa
k xua't khau. Nhcf nhCfng don dat hang quan sU, san xua't cong nghiep ciia
hat tang trudng ra't nhanh. Trong k h i do nong nghiep bi k i m ham bdi tan
phong kien. D6i song cua ngUdi lao dong khong dUcfc cai thien.
- Phong trao da'u tranh cua c6ng nhan va nong dan bung len manh me
ijfng nam sau chien tranh.
143



* Hudng

/

ddn trd Idi :

- K i n h te N h a t B a n p h a t t r i e n bap benh, k h o n g o n d i n h , c h i p h a t t r i e n
t r o n g t h 6 i g i a n n g a n r o i l a i l a m vko k h i i n g hoang.

* Hudng

ddn trd lai :

Cac giai dogn
1918 - 1929

- Sure canh t r a n h cua N h a t yeu hcfn so v d i M i .

Sir l(if n chinh
- 1918 - 1923 : Khac v6i MT, Nhat bi/6c vao thcJi ki on dinh tarn th6i
va phat trien bS'p benh. Nhieu phong trao dS'u tranh cija cong nh§n

- N h a t p h a i n h a p k h a i i nguyen l i e u tii niXdc ngoai n e n k h 6 n g chu dong

va n5ng dan bung no.

t r o n g san xua't.

- 1924 - 1929 : Kinh t§', chinh tri 6n djnh, song da bdt diu n^y


rong l(hdp.

ddn trd lai :

- Cuoc k h u n g hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929 - 1933) da giang m o t d6n nkng

3fiu 6 : V i s a o s\i o n d i n h c u a N h a t B a n n h i J u g n a m 1924 - 1929 c h i l a
jim t h d i v a b a p b e n h ?

ne vao k i n h t e N h a t .

Hudng

+ San xua't cong nghiep g i a m siit.
+ K h u n g hoang xay r a n g h i e m t r o n g nha't l a t r o n g nong nghiep.

ddn trd lai :

- N e n cong nghiep chu yeu dua vao xuat k h a u ciia N h a t ngay cang gap kho
lan t r o n g viec canh t r a n h vdi M i va cac nudc Tay A u .

+ T h i trUorng t r o n g v a ngoai nifdc h i t h u hep.
- K h u n g hoang k i n h t e day m a n h qud t r i n h t a p t r u n g san xua't, tang

- N h a t l a i thie'u nguyen lieu va t h i triTdng.

cirofng quyen lu'c ciia cac t a p doan t i f ban Idn.

- Cong nghiep cua N h a t khong difOc cai thien, nong nghiep c5n t r i tre, lac hau.

|uyen Nhat chu trufofng quan p h i e t hda bo may nha nude, gay chien t r a n h

x a m lircfc ciia gidi cam quyen da dan d e n phong t r a o t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n
N h a n dan, t a p hop dong dao cac t a n g Idp xa h o i . Cuoc da'u t r a n h cua nhan

i m luac, banh triTdng r a ben ngoai.
- d N h a t do da c6 s&n che do chuyen ehe T h i e n hoang nen qua t r i n h quan

d a n N h a t B a n d a gdp p h a n l a m cham l a i qua t r i n h quan p h i e t hda bp may

fhi^t

n h a nUdc d nuTdc nay.

kdnh chien

144

hoa d i l n r a t h o n g qua viec qudn phiet
tranh

xdm luge thugc

hod b6 mdy nha nUdc vd tien

dia. Qua t r i n h nay keo dai t r o n g nhOfng
145


C a u 3 : D e t h o a t k h o i C U Q C k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te 1929 - 1933 M i v a

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Ve kinh ti :
+ Nam 1926, san lufcfng cong nghiep mdi phuc h6i t r d lai va vucrt miJc
trirdc chien tranh. NhiAig chiTa day mot nam sau, mua xuan 1927, cupc khung
hoang tai chinh lai bung no d thii do T6-ki-6 lam 30 ngan hang pha sdn.
+ Nen cong nghiSp chu yeu difa v^o xuat khau cua Nhat ngay cang gap
khd khan trong viec canh tranh vdi M l va cac niTdc Tay Au.
- Ve chinh tri :

i6 he thong ngan hang, to chdc lai san xuSt, ciJu trcf ngudi tha't nghiep, tao

- Nhat gidi quyet khung hoang b&ng each tang cudng chinh sdch qudn sU
I Ada ddt nude, phat xit hoa bd may thong tri, gay chien tranh, banh trirdng ra
i'b§n ngoai.

C a u 4 : V i sao gidi cam quyen Nhsit B a n chon T r u n g Qu6c \k diem
den dau tien trong chinh sach xam Itfofc cua minh vao th^p nien 20
cua the k i X X ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
«,

- Nham thirc h i ^ n tham vong md ra pham v i anh hudng cua d§' quoc Nhat

P viing Dong B^c A, mot vCmg c6 y nghla chig'n luac.
- Dap iJng yeu cau cua Nhat v^ viec thieu nguyen lieu va thi trUdng tieu

thu hang hda - thi trUdng Trung Quoc rpng Idn lu6n lu6n la doi tUcfng ma

+ NhQng nam dau thap nien 20 cua the k i XX, Chinh phu Nhat da t h i



Bai29
PHONG TRAO CACH MANG 6 TRUNG QUOC VA AN

(1918
I. C A U H6I, B A I T A P

cd

DO

-1939

BAN

C a u 1 : Txi cac k h a u h i ^ u dS'u tranh neu trong bai, em thay phong
trao Ngu tvL c6 diem gi mdi so vdi cac phong trao dau tranh niita sau
the' k i X I X d T r u n g Quoc ?
* Hiidng d&n trd Icfi :
- Cac khau hieu dau tranh trong phong trao Ngu tur : "Trung Quoc cua
ngir&i Trung Qu6c", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (1^ hiep u6c cAc nUdc de quoc dua ra,

nhkm xau xe Trung Quoc), "Giet het bon ban nudc"...
- Cac khau hieu dau tranh do the hien phong tr^o mang tinh dan t6c vk dka
chu rat cao, tiirc la phong trao chong de quoc va phong kien ducfc the hien ro net.
- Cdc phong trao dau tranh nijfa sau the k i XIX d Trung Quoc chi de ra
muc tieu da'u tranh chong phong kien ma khong dung cham gi den de quoc.
C a u 2 : Dang Cpng san T r u n g Quoc difoTc thanh l$p nhtf the nao ? Y
nghia cua svi k i ^ n nay.
* Hudng d&n trd lai :

th^ng. Mpt lan s6ng dau tranh chdng thire dan Anh dang cao kh^p A n Do
- Phong trao da'u tranh d i l n ra diTdi n h i l u hinh thufc phong phii, loi eudn
ddng dao ckc tang Idp ndng dan, eong nhan va t h i dan tham gia. Giuf vai trb
lanh dao phong trao la Dang Qudc dai, dufng dau la M . Gan-di. Ong keu goi
dau tranh chdng chu nghia thuc dan bkng cac bien phap h6a binh. Phong
trao ba't bao dong, bat hap tkc do M. Gan-di va Dang Qudc dai lanh dao, diTOc
ckc tang Idp nhan dan An Do hirdng ling.'

- Thang 12 - 1925, Dang Cong san An DO dirae thanh lap, g6p phdn thuc
day phong trao dfiu tranh chdng thUc dan Anh d i i n ra manh me.
149


C S u 5 : N p i d u n g c h u y&'u c u a p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h 6 n g d a n t Q C d A n
D p v a o n h u ^ g n a m 30 c u a the k i X I X .
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- NhOng hau qua n a n g ne cua cu6c k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929
- 1933) da l a m b u n g l e n I a n s

Con difcJng

C&ch mang dSn chu tif san

Cach mgng dan chu tu skn
kieu m6i.

Phaong phap

Ba't bao dgng, bS't hop tac

Bao dong kg't hop vfii si/
n6'i dciy cua quSn chung.

150

ngifdi T r u n g Quoc", "Xoa bo 21 dieu", "Giet h e t bon giac b d n nifdc". Nhufng
cuoc bai cong c h i n h t r i to I d n cua cong n h a n T h u g n g H a i , N a m K i n h , T h i e n
Tan... da dUa p h o n g t r a o n h a n h chdng g i a n h dtforc t h ^ n g lai.
- Y nghia

:

+ Phong t r a o N g u tuT da m d dau cao trao c^ch m a n g chdng de quoc va
chdng p h o n g k i e n d T r u n g Quoc.
+ L a n dau t i g n giai ca'p cong n h a n T r u n g Quoc xua't h i e n t r e n vu dai
c h i n h t r i n h u m o t liic luong c^ch m a n g doc lap. Phong t r a o N g u tuf d a n h dau
birdc chuyen cua cdch m a n g T r u n g Qud'c t i ^ each m a n g dan chu cu sang cdeh
m a n g dan ehu m d i .


Dang C5ng sSn Trung Quo'c da(3c thanh lap, danh dau btf6c
ngoat quan trpng cua lich sif Trung Qu5'c.

T i n 926 dg'n 1927

Ddng Cfing san hop tac v6i Qu6'c dan ddng tig'n hanh cuOc
chig'n tranh each mgng nhim danh dd cac tap doan quan phi§t
eac Difong, gpi la Chi§'n tranh Bdc phgt.
151


Tif 1927 dg'n

1937

Thang 10-1934
JhAng 1 - 1 9 3 5

Thang 7 - 1 9 3 7

D5ng COng san Trung QuS'c lanh dao nhSn dSn tien hanh cuoc
chien dau chong Chinh phu Qudc dSn dang, goi la Npi chien
Quoc - Cong.

N a m A t r o n g nhffng th^tp n i e n d a u the k i X X .

N6i dung sU ki^n

H6I, B A I T A P c d B A N

+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf n h a t , c h i n h sach k h a i thdc

boc \qt

uoc dia cua thifc dan phiTcfng Tay da tdc dong m a n h m e den t i n h h i n h cac
urdc Dong N a m A . NhOfng chuyen bien quan t r o n g ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , xa
Qi da d i i n r a 6 h a n k h a p cac niidc t r o n g k h u vifc.
+ Cung v d i nhOfng chuyen bien t r o n g nifdc, t h i n g lori cua Cach mang
^kng M u d i N g a v ^ cao t r a o cdch mang the gidi da tac dong m a n h me den
hong t r a o doc lap dan toe d Dong N a m A .
- Phong

trao dau tranh mdi :

+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thiif n h a t , phong trao doc Ikp dan toe phat
t r i e n d hau kh^p cac nude Dong N a m A . So v d i nhOng n a m dau the k i XX,
phong t r ^ o d a n toe t u san c6 nhOfng bude t i e n r o r e t cung v d i sif Idn m a n h
cua g i a i cap t u skn dan toe.
+ Muc tieu dau t r a n h dan toe duofe de xuat ro rang : dbi quyen tU chu vfe
chinh t r i , quyen tU do trong k i n h doanh, quyen dung tieng me de trong giao due...

152

153


+ M o t so c h i n h d^ng tir san dtfcrc t h & n h lap va c6 ^ n h hirdng xa h o i rong
16n nhtf D a n g D a n toe In-do-ne-xi-a, to chiJc phong trao T h a - k i n d M i e n
D i e n , D a i h o i toan M a Lai...


vdfi D a n g C p n g s a n I n - d o - n e - x i - a .

dumg l e n dau t r a n h cho'ng Phap.

* Huang

nen n h a n Lao va Cam-pu-chia

+ O Lao, cuoc k h d i n g h i a ciia Ong Keo va Com-rna-dam d i l n r a t r o n g

ddn trd Idi :

- D a n g Cong san cf In-do-ne-xi-a su dung bien phap dau t r a n h cho'ng chii
n g h i a de quoc hhng k h d i nghia vu t r a n g .
- D a n g D a n toe dau t r a n h cho'ng chii n g h i a de quoc b^ng cdeh doan k e t
cac luc ItfOng dan toe, t i e n h a n h dau t r a n h g i ^ n h doc lap b k n g bien ph4p hoa
b i n h va bang p h o n g t r a o b a t hop tac v d i c h i n h quj'en thifc dan. B i e n phap
dfi'u t r a n h ciia D a n g D a n toe d In-do-ne-xi-a phii hop v d i hoan eanh l i c h suf va

hon 30 n a m dau thg' k i XX. Cuoc k h d i nghia ciia ngudi Meo do Chau Pa-ehay
l a n h dao keo dai t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1918 - 1922 d Bae Lao va Tay Biie V i e t
Nam.
-I- 0 Cam-pu-chia, t i e u b i l u la cuoc da'u t r a n h ciia n o n g dan thuoc huyen
R6-l§-phan d Cong-pong Cho-nSng.
|,

- Ttr n a m

1930,



kif n do, m o t so' ccr sd each m a n g ciia D d n g da dqpe xay dung va ciing co d cac

ddn trd lai :

- Sau Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thiJ nhl't, s u phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong
n h ^ n va viee t r u y e n bd chii nghia Nf^c-Le n i n vao I n - d o - n ^ - x i - a d a d d n tdi
viec t h a n h l a p D a n g Cong s a n In-do-n^-xi-a vao t h d n g 5 - 1920.
- D a n g Cong san d a l a n h dao cuSc k h d i nghia v u t r a n g d G i a - v a va X u - m a t o - r a t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1926 - 1927. Cuoc k h d i n g h i a thd't b a i nhuCng da l a m
r u n g ehuyen n e n t h o n g t r i ciia thiTC d a n

Lan 6 In-do-ne-xi-a.

- Tir n a m 1927, sau tha't bai ciia D a n g Cong san, quy^n l a n h dao phong
trao each m a n g chuyen vao tay D a n g D a n toe ciia g i a i cap tir san, dufng dau
l a Ac-m6t-xu-cae-n6. V d i chu trUotng doan k e t cAc luc lugng dan toe, ehong de
qud'c, da'u t r a n h b l i n g con difdng h6a b i n h , b ^ n g phong t r a o bat hop tac v d i
c h i n h quyen thiTc dan. D a n g D a n . t o e da n h a n h ehong t r d t h a n h lufc lufong
dan d a t p h o n g t r a o g i a i phong dan toe d I n - d o - n e - x i - a .
- Dau t h $ p n i e n 30, phong t r a o da'u t r a n h chon^Hhuc dan H a L a n t i e p tuc
biing no l a n r o n g k h d p cac dao I n - d o - n e - x i - a , tieu bieu l a eupe k h d i nghia cua
cac t h u y b i n h d eang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933.

thanh pho' I d n n h u V i e n g Chan, P h n o m Penh. Cuoc v a n dong dan chu D o n g
DiTcrng da k i e h thich sir phat t r i e n eua phong t r a o da'u t r a n h d a n chii d Lao
Cam-pu-ehia cho den k h i Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i bung n6.
cau 6 : P h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc d M a L a i v a M i e n D i ^ n d i d n
ra nhtf t h e n a o ?
* Hudng


154

155


- d Mii'n Di&n :
+ Vao dau the' k i XX, cac nha sir t r e dijfng dau l a Ot-ta-ma da k h d i xUdng
phong trho b a t hop tAc, k h o n g d6ng thue

t a y chay h^ng h6a A n h . Phong

trao l o i cuon dong dao cac t a n g 16p n h a n dan t h a m gia.
+ T r o n g thap n i e n 30, hoc s i n h , s i n h vien M i e n dien da phat dong
Phong trao T h a - k i n (phong trao cua nhijfng ngudi l a m chu dat nirdc) d b i cai
each quy che d a i hoc, t h ^ n h l a p trUdng hoc r i e n g cho M i e n D i e n , d b i tdeh
Mi§'n D i e n r a k h o i A n D6

dUdc quyen i\i t r i . TrUdc dp luc dSu t r a n h m a n h

me cua quan chiing, n a m 1937 M i e n Dien difoc tach r a k h o i A n Do, cham diJt
hon nOfa the k i \h mot t i n h ciia An Dp thupc A n h .
C a u 7 : Sijf l i e n m i n h c h i e n d a u c h o n g P h a p c i i a n h a n d a n b a nifdtc
D o n g Dulofng dvLdc the h i $ n q u a nhCfng srf k i ^ n t i e u b i e u n a o ?

III. C A U H O I v A

B A I T A P B O

S U N G



dau t r a n h cho'ng Phdp d cdc nufdfc Dong DifOng.
- Tir n a m 1930, sir r a d d i cua Dang Cong san V i e t N a m (tiT thang
10 - 1930 l a D a n g Cong san Dong DiTdng) da m d r a thcti k i m d i cua phong

»
- Phong trao diSn r a s6i n o i v d i nhChig h i n h thdc phong phu phong trao
1 l§n cao, Ian r p n g k h d p ede quo'e gia. Giai cap v6 san trirdng t h a n h va t h a m
i gia l a n h dao phong trao.
- Dae biet d Dong Dirong, Dang Cong san Dong Duong da l a n h dao n h a n
dSn ba nude ( V i f t N a m , Lao, Cam-pu-chia) dS'u t r a n h cho'ng Phdp tao bude
ngoat cho phong trao.

trao each m a n g d Dong Dirong. NhCfng co sd b i m a t dau t i e n cua Dang da
diroc t h a n h l a p d Lao va Cam-pu-chia. Sau t h a t b a i cua phong trao X6 viet
Nghg T i n h d Vi§t N a m , thiTc d a n Phap t a p t r u n g life lifong, d a n dp da mar.

- Phong trao dan chu tU san ti6'p tuc phdt t r i e n , chua co phong trao nao th^ng

nhiJng ngiTdi cpng s i n , pha v9 cac co sd cdch mang d h a i niTdc nay.

loi, nhung da co vu manh me t i n h t h a n yeu nUdc cua cac tang Idp nhan dan

- T r o n g nhCng n a m 1936 - 1939, M a t t r a n d a n chu Dong Duong diroc

chong ke t h i i chung, tir 1940 t r d d i lan luot chong chii nghia phat x i t .

t h a n h lap, t a p hop cac t a n g Idp n h a n d a n da'u t r a n h chong bpn phan dong

C a u 3 : N e u d S c d i e m c u a p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc d D o n g N a m A s a u

Nam 1937

Mien Dien dupe tach ra khoi An Op.

- Tif nam 1927, lanh dgo phong trao each mang chuyen vao tay
0§ng Dan toe cua giai cap tu s§n, diJng dau la Ac-met-xu-cac-n6.
Ddng Dan toe da nhanh chong tr6 thanh Itrc luong dan dat phong
trao giai phting dan toe 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a.
Thap nien 30 cua

- Dau thap nien 30, phong trao d§'u tranh chong thi^c dSn Ha Lan

th§' kl XX

tiep tgc bijng no lan rpng khdp cac dao In-do-ng-xi-a, tieu bieu la
cupc kh6i nghTa cija edc thuy binh b cang Su-ra-bay-a vao nam
1933.
- CuQ'i thap nign 30, triidc nguy co ciJa chu nghTa phat xit, nhOng
ngudi cpng san da ket hpp v6i Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, thanh lap Mat
tran thong nhat chong phat xit vdi ten gpi Lien minh chinh tri
In-d6-n§-xi-a.

C a u 5 : H a y d i e n sxi k i ^ n l i c h sxi v a o c a c m o c t h d i g i a n d b a n g k e
difdri d a y :

Thofi gian

Si( kifn

Thang 5 - 1 9 2 0

- T h a n g 9 - 1940, nhkm cung c6' k h o i l i e n m i n h phat x i t , H i e p
d f t o g Dure - I - t a - l i - a - N h $ t Ban dugc k i kg't t a i B6c-lin, p h a n chia
t h 6 h g t r i ciia DiJc, I-ta-Ii-a d chau A i i , cau N h a B a n d V i e n Dong.
T a m cirdng n a m 1940 da phan chia cu t h I p h a m v i t h o n g t r i cua
vach ro nghIa v u trtf giup lAn nhau giOfa ba nude phat x i t .

lidc Tarn
pham v i
H i e p udc
ba nirdc,

I.
HOI, B A I T A P ca B A N
Cau 1 : Qua cac sxi ki$n didn ra trong qua trinh dan den chien tranh,
hay phan tich nguyen nhan bung no cua Chien tranh the giofi thijf hai.

Cau 4 : Chien luf^c "Chien tranh ch
chien t r a n h d l chia l a i th§' gidi.
- Do c h i n h sdch thoa hiep, "dung duTSng" cua cac nifdc phifomg Tay da tao
dieu k i e n cho bon p h d t x i t p h d t dong chien t r a n h .

ddn trd Idi :

- Ngay 2 2 - 6 - 1941, phat x i t Dufc ta'n c6ng L i e n X6 ba't chap H i $ p d i n h
X6 - DiJc. Dufc suf d u n g chien t h u a t "Chien t r a n h chdp nhoang" d a n h vao L i e n
X6 theo ba hudng :
+ Dao quan p l i i a B^c d a n h vao Le-nin-grat.
+ Dao quan t r u n g tam t i e n vao ngoai v i T h u d6 Mat-xcd-va.
+ Dao quan p h i a n a m chiem Ki-6p va p h d n Idn U-crai-na.
- Quan d p i va n h a n dan L i e n X6 k i e n quyet chien dau bdo vg T 6 quoc.

- Cdc midc de quoc h i n h th^nh h a i k h o i doi lap nhau :
+ A n h , Phdp, M l t h i h ^ n h c h i n h sdch thoa hiep nhucfng bo n h ^ m d^y
k h 6 i p h a t x i t t a n cong L i e n x6, d i n h cao ciia c h i n h sach n ^ y la H i e p U(Jc

ang 12 - 1941, H 6 n g quan L i e n X6 do Tirdng Giu-cop chi huy da p h d n c6ng
[uyet l i e t , day l u i quan Dufc ra k h 6 i cufa ngo T h u do. C h i e n t r a n h Mat-xcd-va

M u y - n i c h , " b d n diJng" Tiep Kh^c cho Dure. Tuy vay, t h a y chifa du silc t a n cong

lam pha san chien ludc "Chien t r a n h chdp n h o d n g " ciia H i t - l e .

L i e n x6, H i t - l e t a n cong cdc nifdc chau A u trirtSc.

- Sau tha't b a i d Mat-xcd-va, quan Du"c c h u y e n i m u i n h o n ta'n c6ng xuong

+ N g ^ y 1 - 9 - 1939, phat x i t Dufc t a n cong Ba L a n , C h i e n t r a n h the gidfi

nhau ?
* Hiicrng ddn trd lot, :
Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, tai Oa-sinh-tcfn, 26 quoc gia (dilng dau la ba cutoig quoc
Li§n X6, M i , Anh) da k i ban Tuy6n ngon lAhn hiep quoc, k h ^ g dinh quyet tam
chien dau den cung chong chu nghia phat xit. Vdi bSn Tuyen ngon nay, khoi
Deng minh chd'ng phat xit da chinh thufc hinh thanh. Cuoi thang 11 - 1943,
nguy§n thu cua ba ciJdng qu6'c la Xta-lin (LiSn X6), Ru-dd-ven (Mi) va Sdfc-sin
(Anh) da hop rai Te-he-ran de th6ng nha't dirdng loi t i ^ hanh chien tranh.
- Ba nurdc M i , A n h , Lien X6 trUdc chien tranh khong c6 difdng loi hanh
dpng chung, nhimg trong chien tranh lai lien ket duoc vdi nhau, vi :
+ TrUdc chien tranh, M i va Anh c6 mau thuan vdi Lien X6. Khi chien
tranh mdi b i t dau bung no, Ml, Anh muon hudng C U Q C tan cong cua chii
nghla phat xit vao lanh thd Lien X6.
,f
162

+ Ri6ng M l , trxidc chien t r a n h , M i kh6ng muon t h a m chien ngay
vi Mi muon thUc h i e n c h i n h sdch "toa scfn quan h6 da'u".

tii

dSu,

+ K h i chien tranh bung no va den giai doan quyet li$t. Dure md cac cuoc
ta'n cong vao cac n\Xdc Dong, Nam, TSy Au da dung cham dSn quyin loi cua
h, Phap. Dac biet la k h i Nhat banh triiOng d Thai Binh Duong, khai chifin
i M i , Anh. Nhat la k h i Nhat danh M i d Tran Chau cang, bugc M l p h i i
gn chien vOi Nhat, M i cham diJt chinh sach biet lap de tham gia chi§n
nh thg' giOi thuT hai.
+ K h i Hong quan Lien X6 lan lirot danh bai phat xit Dufc d Mat tr§n

I
- Tai Lien X6, chien tranh du kich trong viing bi dich chiem da lam rung ^
uyen hau phuong quan dpi DUc.
,.i
163


- Phong trko khdng chi§n d D6ng Nam A cung len cao, nhat Ik d Trung
QuS'c, Viet Nam, Phi-lip-pin, Ma Lai, Mien Dien...
Cau 9 : Di^a vao Ivlcfc do, tvCifng thu^t diin bien cua tr^in phan cong
Xta-lin-grat.
*Hudng d&n trd Idi :
DiTa v^o luot do trong sdch gi±o khoa, cac em tu tim hieu tran phan cong
Xta-lin-grat d Lien X6, sau d6 chot lai laKy y :
- Tran phan cong tai Xta-lin-gr^t (tiT thdng 11 - 1942 d§n thdng 2 - 1943)
cua quan dpi Lien X6 da tao nen budc ngoat cua cu6c chien tranh the gidi.
- Trong tr$n ddnh vi dai nay. Hong qufin Lien X6 da tan c6ng, bao vay,
chia cdt de tidli diet vk hit song tokn bo dpi quan tinh nhu§ cua Dufc gom 33
van ngUdi do Thong che Pao-liit chi huy.
- Tif day. Lien X6 va phe Dong minh chuyin sang tan cong dong loat tren
cdc mat tran.
,
Cau 10 : Hay tvCdng thu^t di&n bien cupc do bp vao No6c-mang-di va
n&u y nghia cua vi?c md m$t tr^n thuT hai d TSy Au.
*Hudng ddn trd led :
- Diin bien:
+ CuQc d6 bo vao No6c-mang-di (B^c Phap) tif ngay 6 - 6 - 1944 cua lien
quan Ml - Anh va Dong minh md "Mat tran thuf hai".
+ Quan do bO tig'n vao nUdc Phap. Ngay 15 - 8 - 1944, quan Ml va quan
Phap Tu do lai do bo or Pro-vang-xcf (Nam Phap). Hai each quan nay duoi

thur hai huy di^t thanh pho Na-ga-xa-ki. Ngay 15 - 8 , Nhat BSn cha'p nhan
diu hang khdng dilu ki§n. Chien tranh th§' gidi thiJ hai ket thuc.
c a u 12 : Neu ket cue v^ anh hufdng cua ChiSn tranh th6' gidri thtf hai.
*Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Chien tranh thg" gidi thiJ hai kg't thiic vdi sif sup do hoan toan cua chu
nghia phdt xit Dure, I-ta-li-a va Nh$t BAn. Thing lori vi dai thuOc v4 cac dan
t$c tren th^ gidi da ki#n cifdng chidn da'u ch6'ng chu nghia phat xit. Trong
CUQC chien Mu Ky, ba cif&ng quoc Lien X6, Mi, Anh la life lifctog try c^t, giC
vai trd quyg't dinh trong vi#c tigu diet chu nghia phdt xit.
^ - Anh hudng cua chien tranh la v6 cung nang n i doi vdi nhan loai. Hon 70
qu6c gia vdi 1700 tri$u ngudi da bi 16i cuon vao v6ng chi§n, kho^ng 60 trieu
ngudi ehet, 90 tri^u ngudi bi tan phg'.
y, - Chien tranh k§'t thiic da dSn d§n nhuCng bi§n doi can bSn cua tinh hinh
; the gidi.
V

111. CAU H6I VA BAI TAP B 6 SUNG

' Ciu 1 : Nhihig boat d$ng chuan bi tiSn t^i g&y chiSn tranh cua phat
i xit Diifc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban.
1^ Hudng d&n trd led :
I - TU cuoc khung hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933), cac nUdc phdt xit DUc, I-tai-a va Nhat BSn da lidn kg't vdi nhau thanh Li6n minh phat xit, c5n duoc goi
k true Bee-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6. Khoi nay vUa chong lai Quoc tg' Cong sdn,
IriJa gay chig'n tranh chia lai the gidi.
f - Trong boi cdnh d6, cdc cUdng quoc tU hka. vk Li§n X6 lai khSng cd dudng
61 hanh dpng chung. Cac nUde phat xit da Id dung tinh hinh dd d^ thUc hien
)tnuc tieu gay ehifin tranh xam luoc cua minh.
- TrUde het Hit-le quyet dinh sap nhap Ao vao nude Ddc, r6i tiSn hanh
xam luoc cac nUdc khae. Tiep dd, Hit-le yeu edu chinh phu Ti^p Khie ehuyin
giao xU Xuy-d^t cho ngUdi DUc.

- T h i n g 9 - 1940, n h i m ciing cd khoi lien minh p h i t x i t , Hiep Udc Tam
cudng Dure ~ I-ta-li-a - N h i t B i n dufoc k i ket tai B6c-lin, thifa nh$n suT thong
t r i cua Dure v i I-ta-li-a or chau Au.
- Tii t h i n g 10 - 1940, Hit-le chuydn sang thdn t i n h cic nifdc Dong v i Nam
chiu Au. Cic nude Ru-ma-ni, Hung-ga-ri, Bun-ga-ri trS t h i n h chiT hau cua
Dure v i bi q u i n Diic chi^'m dong. Bkng vQ life, quan Dufc v i I-ta-li-a thdn tinh
Nam Tu v i H i Lap. Den miia hb n i m 1941, phe p h i t x i t da thong t r i p h i n
Idn chiu Au,
^
C S u 3 : Chifi'n s\i taii B^c P h i gdn vdi so ph0n cua p h i t xit I-ta-li-a
nhii the'nao ?

Cau 4 : C h u n g h i a p h a t x i t Dtfc l a n lu-rft b i dianh b a i nhuf the nao ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :

/

- TCr ng^y 6 - 6 - 1944, cuoc do bo v i o Nodc-ming-di (Bic Phip) ciia li§n
quan M i - Anh v i Dong minh md "Mat tran thd hai" d T i y Au.

- Quan dd bo tien v i o giai phong cic nUdc Phip, B i , H i Lan v i chuan bi
t i n cdng nude Ddc.

- Sau k h i di.y lui quan dpi Ddc ra khdi lanh thd, tif t h i n g 7 - 1944 ddn
t h i n g 10 - 1944, Hong qu^n Lien Xo tidn quin v i o Ddng Au, giiip n h i n d i n
Dong Au ti§u di^t phdt xit Ddc, giai phdng h i n g loat ckc nude Ddng Au.
- Tif thdng 1 - 1945, Hong quan Lien Xd cung b^t dau eu9c t i n cdng nude
Ddc 6 m i t t r i n phia Ddng.
- T h i n g 2 - 1945, d mat t r i n phia t i y . M i - Anh v i cic nUde Ddng minh
khie vugt song Ranh t r i n v i o nUdc DUc.


Phat xit DiJc diu hang.

14-8-1945

Nh§t dau hang Ddng minh, chig'n tranh kg't thuc.

€ a u 8 : Nguyen nhftn bung no Chien tranh the gidi thiir hai. So'vdri
iChi^n tranh the' gidi tfauT nhS't c6 diem gi giong va khdc nhau ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- M$t tr$n Tay Au: ngay 6 - 6 -1944, quan Anh, MT dd b$ Ign
mign Bdc nifi5c Phap, m6 Mat tr|n thif hai.
- Sau thSng l(?i cua H6ng quan Lign x6 6 chi^n d.ich c6ng pha
Bec-lin, ngay 9 - 5 -1945, chinh phu mfii cua DQc diu hang
khOng digu ki$n. Chig'n tranh k^t thuc 6 chau Au

Svrkifn chfnh

Ni6nd9i

- d Thdi Binh DiiOng. Ng^y 7 - 12 -1941, Nh^t BSn ta'n cOng
hgm dOi MT & Iran ChSu cSng. Quan Nhat chiem to^n bO D6ng
Nam A va mOt s6'd^o Thai Btnh Duong.
- 6 Bdc Phi, thang 9 -1940, quSn I-ta-li-a ta'n c6ng Ai C9p.
Chig'n tranh Ian rfing khdp thg' gidi.

'

- Nguyen nh&n :



Bai

32

6 N T A P L I C H Stf T H E GlCfl H l f i N D A I (1917 - 1 9 4 5 )
I. cAu H 6 I , B A I T A P ccf BAN
C a u 1 : Hay liia chon mpt trong so cac suT k i ^ n lich sijf cof bdn cua
lich avt the giofi h i ^ n dai (nhOng nfim tuf 1917 den nSm 1945) vk trinh
bay svt k i ^ n do theo each hieu biet cua minh.
* Hudngddn

trd Idi :

Hoc sinh c6 the chon mpt hoftc m6t vh\r ki§n tiSu bieu de trd Idi, ch^nf
han nhtf Cach mang thdng Mifdi Nga nam 1917. Sau day la mot so goi y :
- Trinh bay vai net vi cudc each mang thdng Hai nam 1917 :

+ Cfich Kiang bung n6 d Nga trong nftm 1917 : Cdch mang t h i n g Hai lat
d6 che d6 Nga hodng ; Cach mang thang Mudi l$t do Chinh phu Ifim thdi ciia
;tU sdn, di/a n\X6c Nga thanh mpt ntfdc v6 sdn dau ti6n tr§n the gidi.
+ Sau Cdch mang thdng Modi, nUdc Nga bode vao thdi k i xay dUng chu
lighia xa hoi trong hodn cdnh het sdc kho khan va da dat duoc nhOrng thdnh
tuu to Idn. Tif dd Lien X6 trd thanh mot cudng quoc cong nghiep ddng thuf hai
tr§n the gidi vd cd vi t r i quan trong tren trUdng quoc te'.
- Phong trdo cdch mang the gidi budc sang mot thai ki phdt trien mdi tic
sau thdng Igi cua Cdch mang thdng Mucd Nga vd sU kit thuc cudc ChiS'n
tranh the gidi thit nhdt.
+ Cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923; Quoc t§' Cdng sdn ra ddi.

170

+ Trong 10 ndm (1929 - 1939), edc nUdc tU ban lam vdo t i n h trang

+ Cdc qu6'c gia cd chg' dO chinh t r i khdc nhau da phd'i hdp trong khdi

* Hu&ng ddn trd Icri :
- Thdi ki nay da diin ra nhSng chuyin biin quan trong trong nin
xudt vdt chdt eua nhdn loqi r

-

+ L i ^ n X6, M l , Anh ddng vai tro quan trong trong vide ddnh bai chu
nghia phdt xit, ket thiic chi^'n tranh.
C&u 3 : N6u mOt vi du ve m6'i lien h^ giiJa lich si5f th6' gi
ban be quoc te, ngay 3 1 - 12 - 1931, ong dupe r a t u trude t h d i h a n v a ti§p
tuc l a n h dao phong t r a o dpc lap dan tpc d In-d6-ne-xi-a.
T h a n g 8 - 1933,

Xu-cac-no b i thuc d a n H a L a n hit

vh l u u d l y t a i dao

K e - x i n , sau dd l a ddo Ben-cu-len.
Xu-cac-no la T o n g t h o n g dau ti§n cua nUde COng hoa In-do-ne-xi-a (1945

-

1965). O n g l a n h a boat dpng c h i n h t r i , l a n h t u xua't s^c cua phong t r a o giai
phong dan tpc In-do-ne-xi-a.

cuoc v $ n dpng nay, D a n g Cong san Dong Duong da t h a n h lap M a t t r a n D a n

I I . cAu

chu D6ng Ducfng d ^ doan k e t cac life liTcfng y§u nifdc da'u t r a n h d5i cac quyen

C a u 1 : Hay n e u nhiJng sxi k i ^ n chinh c u a ntfoTc Nga - L i 6 n X6 trong

t u do dan chu, ccfm ao, hoa b i n h .

nhCng nam

C&u 4 : Tim h i ^ u



- Hai chinh quyen song

-Kh6i nghTa vu trang.

song t6n tgi.

-Nga Hocing thoai vj.

- Cach mgng dan chu tu

SI/ ki§n

Ni6n dai

* Hicdng ddn trd led :
- Ti§u sur cua M . G a n - d i (1869 - 1948)

H O I vA

mgng

dSn

chu ta sSn Nga

Quoc d a i , ngirdi l a n h dao phong trao g i d i phdng dan toe d A n D Q theo diTdng
lo'i bao dgng, bat h d p tac.
S i n h r a t r o n g m p t gia d i n h k h d gid d Tay A n Dp, 6ng t 6 t n g h i ^ p dai hoc
Luat d A n h , sau d6 lam c6' van phap luat cho mpt c6ng ti d N a m P h i , t h a m

b i thuc dan A n h b ^ t g i a m h a i l l n vao cac n a m 1922 v a 1930. Sau k h i A n Dp

1918
-1921

Dong Gia-va, con mpt n h a giao. Ong t o t n g h i ^ p dai hoc y khoa. N a m 1927,
172

Bao ve thanh qua Cach
mang thang IVlucJi Nga, giO

X6 ^ nha nuflc cu, danh
thdng thu trong, gi§c

chinh quyen X6 vi§'t, dSp

di/ng

m6i,

cupc chig'n t r a n h h u y n h dp ttfomg t a n giOfa ngUdi H 6 i gi^o va A n Dp giao. Ngay

Xu-eac-n6 s i n h ngay 6 - 6 - 1901 t a i B l i - t a t h a n h ph6' Sa-ra-bay-a thupe

nu6c

Xay

vi§'t.



each m^ing.

ngoai.

1921
-1941

tan

Lien X6 xSy di^ng

C6ng

nghi§p

hoa

TCf nifflc nOng nghigp lac

chu nghTa xa hpi.

XHCN,

tap

hoa

hau trS thanh cudng quO'c


kinh t§' chinh trj 6
ph^n I6n c^c nuie W
b§n.
Thdi kl 6'n d.nh va
tang truSng cua CNTB.
Khung ho^ng kinh te
trong thg' gidi TBCN.
*

1933 -1939

Cac ni/6c tU bin tim
cich
thoSt kh6i
khung hoSng.

C a u 3 : T o m tit

Diin *ji€'n chinh
Cao trao each mgng bung
n6, Ian rOng I6n cao 6 DC'c,
Hung, Phap... Ti&u bi§'u la
c&ch mgng d^n chu tu s§n
11 -1918aDiJc.
San xuat tang tru&ng
nhanh. Phong trao c6ng
nhan tgm thcJi l^ng xu6ng.
Kinh tg' suy sgp, cong
nghi^p dinh d6'n, tai
chinh h5n logn.

Thdi gian
mOc Nqa - Lign X6
Thing 2-1917
7 - 1 1 -1917
1918-1920
11921 -1941
Cie na6c khie
1918-1923
1924 -1929
1929 - 1933
1933 - 1939
1939 -1945
* Hudng ddn trd led :

1. a. C M dan chu tif sdn Nga th^ng Idi
b. L a t d6 che dp Nga ho^ng, 2 chinh quyen song song ton tai.
2. a. Cdch mang xa hoi chij nghia thang MiM Nga th^ng lai
b. + L 4 t d6 C h i n h phu l&m thdi tvY san

* Hu&ng ddn trd l.di :

Ni§n d^i
ThSp
nifin 20

S\f kjf n

Phong trao giai phong
din tpc len cao sau
Chien tranh the' gi6i thif

tgc chong phat xit.
H(?p tic giOa cac Ding
Cong san va cac da/ig
phaikhic.
D\h ra kh^p cac mSt trgn
Tay Au, X6 - OOc, B^c
Phi, chiu A - Thii Blnh
Daong, 72 nadc trong tinh
trgng chig'n tranh,

Ke't qui, y nghTa
Giai cS'p ta sdn ndm
IS'y quy^n lanh dgo
phong trio cich
mgng mOt s6' ni/6c.
Cic Ding Cgng san
thanh lip.
Tgp hpp d6ng dio cac
lye liicing each mang.
Cic Dang Cong san
tri/6ng thanh.

+ X o i bo ch§' dp ngu'cfi b6c lot ngifdi.
I 3. a. Cupc daf'i tranh xay diTng

bao v f chinh quyen X6 viet

b. X a y diftig h ^ thong chinh tri, n h ^ nifdc mdi, ddnh th^ng thu trong
giac ngoii.
4. a. L i e n X6 xSy diftig chii nghia xa hoi.