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CHUYÊN ĐỀ ĐIỀN TỪ VÀO ĐOẠN VĂN
Môn: TIẾNG ANH

PHƯƠNG PHÁP ĐIỀN TỪ VÀO BÀI ĐỌC
 NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG:
1. Xác định từ loại cần điền cho chỗ trống trong bài và tìm từ có từ loại tương ứng để điền vào chỗ
trống.
2. Dựa vào hàm ý và văn phong của đoạn văn để suy luận ra từ cần điền.



XÁC ĐỊNH TỪ LOẠI CẦN ĐIỀN CHO CHỖ TRỐNG

* Cấu tạo từ thuộc lĩnh vực từ loại
Bước 1: Xác định từ loại
Đọc qua câu hỏi và quan sát thật kĩ vị trí của từ cần điền. Việc xác định từ loại của từ cần điền vào
chỗ trống là điểm quan trọng nhất có tính quyết định đến độ chính xác của đáp án.
Ví dụ1: Some species of rare animals are in _____ of extinction.
A. danger

B. dangerous

C. dangerously

D. endanger


D. differently


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=> Sau khi xác định từ loại của từ cần điền là một danh từ nhưng khi quan sát các phương án
các em lại thấy có 2 danh từ differences và difference. Vậy từ nào mới là đúng? Lúc này các
em mới cần để ý đến thì của động từ trong câu – to be được chia ở số nhiều (are) do đó đáp án
của câu phải là một danh từ số nhiều – differences.
* Cấu tạo từ thuộc lĩnh vực ngữ pháp
Dạng thứ 2 trong bài tập cấu tạo từ là phân biệt dạng thức bổ trợ của động từ, tính từ, trạng từ hay
phương thức so sánh. Trong dạng bài tập này các em phải nắm vững được cấu trúc ngữ pháp, loại
bổ trợ của động từ cũng như các hình thức so sánh.
Dạng 1: Tính từ -ed hay –ing
Ví dụ: We are _____ of the long journey.
A. tire

B. tiring

C. tired

D. to tire

=> Chỗ trống cần điền một tính từ nhưng trong 4 phương án lại có 2 tính từ là tiring và tired, vậy
từ nào mới là đáp án của câu. Lúc này chúng ta lại vận dụng kiến thức ngữ pháp để giải quyết vấn
đề. Khi chủ ngữ là người chúng ta dùng quá khứ phân từ; khi chủ ngữ là sự vật, hiện tượng chúng
ta dùng hiện tại phân từ. Đáp án của câu trên là tired.



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

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XÁC ĐỊNH CẤU TRÚC NGỮ PHÁP CỦA CÂU

Ví dụ 1:The equipment in our office needs _____.
A. moderner

B. modernizing

C. modernized

D. modernization.

=> Câu có chủ ngữ là vật (The equipment) nên sau need sẽ là một V-ing – Đáp án của câu là
modernizing.
Mỗi một loại động từ chỉ đi với một dạng bổ trợ nhất định. Khi các em biết được cấu trúc của nó rồi
thì việc xác định cấu tạo của từ đi sau nó rất dễ dàng.
Các động từ như mind, enjoy, avoid, finish, keep...thì động từ đi sau nó luôn là V-ing. Các động từ
như agree, aim, appear, ask, attempt, decide, demand...thì bổ trợ luôn là động từ nguyên thể có to.
Ví dụ 2: That is the most _____ girl I’ve seen.
A. beautifuler

B. beautiful

Ví dụ: I think it’s very _____ of him to expect us to work overtime every night this week.
A. reason

B. reasonable

C unreasonable

D. inreasonable

=> Từ cần điền là một tính từ. Cụm từ “work overtime every night this week” mang hàm ý phủ định
nên tính từ của câu cũng mang nghĩa phủ định – unreasonable. (Reasonable chỉ kết hợp với tiền tố
un- để tạo nên từ trái nghĩa).
Để làm dạng bài tập này các em phải liên hệ từ cần điền với các cụm từ khác trong câu để nhận biết
được ý của câu là khẳng định hay phủ định rồi từ đó xác định dạng thức của từ.
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 XÁC ĐỊNH CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH, THÀNH NGỮ
a) Cấp độ cụm từ
Khi học bài trên lớp, học sinh thường không chú ý nhiều đến các cụm từ cố định. Hầu như học sinh
mới chỉ dừng lại ở việc hiểu nghĩa của các cụm từ đó nhưng như vậy là chưa đủ. Các bài điền từ
thường nhằm vào những cụm từ trên, bỏ trống một thành phần và yêu cầu học sinh chọn từ điền
vào. Các phương án đưa ra thường không khác nhau về chức năng/ ngữ nghĩa nhưng chỉ có một
phương án kết hợp được với các thành tố xung quanh và là đáp án đúng.
Ví dụ: Her parents wanted her to go to university but I know that she was really fed ____(2)____


B. such

C. too

D. so

=> Trong câu trên, chỉ có enough có thể được điền vào chỗ trống để tạo thành cấu trúc có nghĩa
là V + Adv + enough + to do sth. Trong khi đó, such và so thường đi kèm với mệnh đề phía sau.
Too cũng có cấu trúc gần giống nough nhưng khác về vị trí và ý nghĩa. Hãy xem ví dụ sau: The
coffee is too hot to drink. (Cà phê nóng quá nên không thể uống được).
Như vậy, cấu trúc too là: Too + adj + to do sth: quá…. đến nỗi không thể làm gì.
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Ngoài ra, trong chương trình học tiếng Anh phổ thông cũng có rất nhiều bài nói về cấu trúc so sánh
của tính từ và trạng từ nên đây cũng là mảng kiến thức trọng tâm trong các câu hỏi trắc nghiệm điền
từ. Người ra đề có thể bỏ bớt 1 thành tố trong câu trúc so sánh như “than, as” hoặc đưa ra những
dạng so sánh hơn kém khác nhau của cùng một tính từ/ trạng từ và yêu cầu học sinh lựa chọn.
Ví dụ 2: When receiving the exam result, she seemed _____ than his sister.
A. more happy

B. happier

C. the more happy

giữa chủ ngữ và động từ cũng giúp ta chọn được đáp án chính xác từ những phương án có nội dung
tương tự nhau.
Ví dụ 2: As you know 75% of the world’s _____ is in English.
A. mail

B. parcels

C. envelopes

D. letters

Ngoài kiến thức thực tế, học sinh cũng có thể phân tích ngữ pháp của câu để chọn từ điền vào chỗ
trống. Ta thấy rằng động từ to be được chia ở dạng số ít là “is” nên chủ ngữ chắc chắn là số ít hoặc
không đếm được. Các phương án B, C, D đều ở dạng số nhiều nên danh từ không đếm được mail
chính là đáp án.

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EXERCISE
PASSAGE 1
Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for
such everyday (1)_______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the
specialized training they may need to (2)_______ for a job or career. For example, a person must
meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3)_______ or certificate before he can


Question 4: A. requires

B. requiring

Question 5: A. therefore

B. despite

Question 6: A. such as

B. for instance

C. such that

D. for example

Question 7: A. appliance

B. equipment

C. instrument

D. device

Question 8: A. increased

B. increasing

C. increase


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plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (2)_______ by alien invasive species such
as feral goats, pigs, rodents and (3)_______ plants.
The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4)_______ the extinction of the 182 rare
Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5)_______ . Since
1990, (6)_______ a result of their "Plant Extinction Prevention Program", sixteen species have
been brought into (7)_______ and three species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been
removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8)_______ plants in the wild.
In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9)_______ collecting genetic
material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They
also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10)_______ .
Question 1: A. developed
B. reduced
C. disappeared
D. increased
Question 2: A. conserved

B. guarded

C. invested

D. threatened

Question 3: A. native

B. national


Question 8: A. derive

B. vary

C. remain

Question 9: A. at

B. on

C. with

Question 10: A. shelters

C. as

B. reserves

C. gardens

7

D. but
D. generation
D. protect
D. for
D. halls


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C risk

D peril

Question 3.

A Therefore

B What's more

C Whereas

D That is

Question 4.

A make

B launch

C reach

D take

Question 5.

A armed

B loaded


C appliances

D implements

Question 9.

A instead

B except

C apart

D besides

B. way

C. form

D. size

Question 10. A. shape

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C. not

D. all

Question 4. A. In spite of

B. On account of

C. In favour of

D. Instead of

Question 5. A. resource

B. source

C. matter

D. substance

Question 6. A. of

B. to

C. on

D. in

Question 7. A. Then


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PASSAGE 5:
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was built on the use of machines in factories. Since the 1950s,
Britain's (36)......industries have replaced machine operators with computers, and this (37)......has
led to a decline in the number of (38).......in many factories. Goods are bought and used much more
than ever before but a lot of these goods are imported. By the beginning of the 20th century, other
industrial countries like the USA were (39).......with Britain's exports, and countries in the Far East
have been able to provide cheaper (40)......since the 1970s. Areas located with heavy industries are
suffering high unemployment. During the last 30 years, there has been a constant rise in smaller
industries (41).........as "light industries". These ones use electricity and are not (42) .........on raw
materials such as coal so they are "footloose", i.e. they can be located anywhere. They produce such
things as washing machines or spare (43) .......... Some of these industries produce nothing at all, but
provide services like distribution. The consumer boom of the 1980s and the increased leisure time
of most Britons have led to rapid (44) ........ in service industries like banking, tourism, retailing and
information processing, and in industries which distribute, maintain, and repair (45).........consumer
goods.
1.
A. manufacturing
B. big
C. large
D. running
2.


A. things

B. products

C. produce

D. imports

6.

A. considered

B. regarded

C. known

D. worked

7.

A. dependent

B. reliable

C. dependable

D. command

8.



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PASSAGE 6:

If you are an environmentalist, plastic is a word you tend to say with a sneer or snarl. It has
become a symbol of our wasteful, throw-away society. But there seems little (1) ______ it is here to
stay, and the truth is, of course, that plastics have brought enormous (2) ______ , even
environmental ones. It’s not really the plastics themselves that are the environmental evil – it’s the
way society chooses to use abuse them.
Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastics are made from oil, gas, or coalnon-renewable natural (3) ______ . We (4) _______ well over three million tons of the stuff in
Britain each year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high (5) _______ of our annual
consumption is in the (6) ________ of packaging, and this (7) ________ about seven per cent by
weight, of our domestic (8) ________ . Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of it is,
though the plastic recycling (9) _______ is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy-rich. They have a higher caloric value than
coal and one method of “recovery” strongly favored by the plastic manufacturers is the (10)
_______ 0f waste plastic into fuel.
Question 1. A. doubt

B. evidence

C. concern

D. likelihood


D. rate

Question 6. A. way

B. form

C. kind

D. type

Question 7. A. takes

B. makes

C. carries

D. constitutes

Question 8. A. goods

B. refuse

C. rubble

D. requirements

Question 9. A. industry

B. manufacture


required to navigate through such landscapes and (6) _____ travelers may die when supplies run (7)
______ after becoming lost. In addition, sandstorms or blizzards may cause disorientation in
severely-reduced visibility.
The (8) ______ represented by wild animals in deserts has featured in explorers' accounts but
does not cause higher (9) ______ of death than in other environments such as rainforests or savanna
woodland, and generally does not affect human distribution. Defense against polar bears may be
advisable in some areas of the Arctic. Precautions against snakes and scorpions in choosing (10)
______ at which to camp in some hot deserts should be taken.
Question 1: A. locates
B. selects
C. follows
D. depends
Question 2: A. earn

B. demand

C. obtain

D. require

Question 3: A. extremes

B. poles

C. tops

D. heights

Question 4: A. grow


Question 8: A. danger

B. dangerous

C. endanger

D. endangered

Question 9: A. level

B. rate

C. scale

D. standard

Question 10: A. sight

B. lies

C. sites

D. seats

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C. shortened

D. lost

Question 3: A. lifting

B. gaining

C. advancing

D. rising

Question 4: A. resulting

B. turning

C. causing

D. creating

Question 5: A. sources

B. means

C. origins

D. materials

Question 6: A. placed


Question 10: A. prove

B. happen

C. come

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D. end


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PASSAGE 9:
Getting friends and family to pose for photos is hard enough, but how would you cope with a rabbit,
an owl or a butterfly that simply (1) _______to keep still? Simon King, wildlife film—maker and
photographer, says you don't need any formal (2)_______ to get started. "The whole idea is that
photographing wildlife should be fun". Simon offers the following (3)_______
Specialize from the start. You're more likely to get good result sooner if you (4)_______ on the
type of wildlife - insects for instance - (5)_______ than just going off to the woods or park with
your camera and snapping whatever you see. Pick something that isn't hard to photograph.
Choosing an animal that's hard to (6)_______ or will run away if it sees you (7) _______
unnecessary problems. How about flowers or a group of birds?
Search second-hand camera shops and local papers for quality (8) _______. You don't need to (9)
_______ a fortune. Simon started with just a second-hand camera that cost around $30. But you will
need a single lens reflex camera. Remember it's the whole photograph that counts, nor just the


D. depend

Question 5: A. more

B. other

C. better

D. rather

Question 6:A. spot

B. notice

C. meet

D. glance

Question 7:A. creates

B. starts

C. puts

D. leads

Question 8: A. instruments

B. equipment

a symbol of our wasteful, throw- away society. But there seems little doubt it is here to stay, and the
truth is, of course, that plastic has brought enormous ( 1) ________even environmental evil- it's the
way society chooses to uses and ( 2) ___________them.
Almost all the 50 or so different kinds of modern plastic are made from oil, gas or coalnon-renewable natural ( 3) ____________. We (4) _____________well over three million tones of
the stuff in Britain each year and, sooner or later, most of it is thrown away. A high ( 5)
__________ of our annual consumption is in the form of packaging, and this ( 6) _________about
seven per cent by weight of our domestic refuse. Almost all of it could be recycled, but very little of
it is, though the plastic recycling (7) _______is growing fast.
The plastics themselves are extremely energy-rich- they have a higher calorific (8)
_________than coal and one (9) ____________of "recovery" strongly favoured by the plastic
manufacturers is the ( 10) __________ of waste plastic into a fuel.
Question 1. A. savings

B. pleasures

C. benefits

D. profits

Question 2. A. abuse

B. endanger

C. store

D. dispose

Question 3. A. processes

B. resources


B. manufacture

C. plant

D. factory

Question 8. A. demand

B. effect

C. value

D. degree

Question 9. A. medium

B. method

Question 10. A. melting

B. conversion

C. measure
C. change

15

D. mechanism
D. replacement

B. symbolizingC. signalling D. showing

Question 4: A. message

B. topic

C. idea

Question 5: A. judge

B. mention

C. recognize D. notice

Question 6: A. signals

B. symptoms C. symbols

D. theme

D. signs

Question 7: A. interchange B. interfere

C. interrupt

D. intercept

Question 8: A. elbow


PASSAGE 12:
Why do people like to chew gum? Some people say they like the taste____ 1 ____say they can
think better if they chew gum. Some people chew it when they have some boring work to ____2
____.Others chew gum when they are nervous.
Gum is a ____3 ____of things. For many years gum companies made gum from chicle. Chicle is a
natural gum from a tree in Mexico and Central America. Now companies use plastic and rubber
made from petroleum ____4 ___of chicle.
Gum must be soft ____5____ you can chew it. A softener keeps it soft. The gum company makes
the softener from vegetable oil. A sweetener makes the gum sweet. The sweetener is usually sugar.
Then the company ___6___ the flavor.
Thomas Adams made the first gum from chicle in 1836. ___7___, chewing gum was not new. The
Greeks chewed gum from a tree ____8___ 2,000 years ago. Mayan Indians in Mexico chewed
chicle. Indians in the Northeastern United States taught Europeans to chew gum from a tree there.
People first made bubble gum in 1928. Children like to __9___ bubble with bubble gum. Some
university students do ___10___.
Question 1: A. The other

B. Others

C. The others

D. Other

Question 2:

A. make

B. get

C. do


Question 6: A. puts

B. places

C. adds

D. fits

Question 7: A. However

B. More

C. But

D. Though

Question 8: A. more

B. over

C. above

D. than

Question 9: A. turn

B. set

C. pass

ignore quality and are concerned with quantity or the number of products that can be sold. Evolving
technology encourages the economy of economy of transience which is fast replacing the economy
on permanence of the old world. Medical technology prolongs life and reduces the mortality rate,
but the quality of life (8)_______ . Genetics has increased agricultural productivity, and the Green
Revolution that it set in motion had resulted in high- yielding variety of wheat, rice paddy, etc., but
they (9)________ the quality which the traditional variety, through low- yielding, had. Alvin
Toffler in his Future Shock considers the lowering of costs of manufacture and increased demand as
factors (10)_________ for the sacrifice of quality. Science and technology should be concerned
equally with quality and quantity. This concern is of great importance since science and technology
are to make further strides.

1. A. satisfaction

B. requirement

C. disappoinment

D.demand

2. A. before

B. older

C. former

D. first

3. A. raised

B. risen

B. strength

C. duration

D. durability

8. A. deteriorates

B. diminished

C. loosens

D.devastates

9. A. insufficient

B. shortage

C. lack

D. miss

10. A. used

B. responsible

C. asking

18



C. for

D. about

Question 3: A. others

B. another

C. one

D. other

Question 4: A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

Question 5: A. yet

B. in addition

C. of course

D. although

Question 6: A. become


Question 10: A. like

B. the same

C. likely

D. such as

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PASSAGE 15:
Looking for an unforgettable way to celebrate that special occasion? Well, the (1)__of options open
today’s youngster – or even “ oldster” for that matter, is a far cry from the traditional party or
restaurant visit. No longer is it (2)__sufficient to invite your friends round , buy some food and get a
barker to produce a cake. No, today’s birthday boy or girl is looking for something out of the
ordinary, ranging from the (3)__ expensive to the downright dangerous. Anything goes, as long as it
is unusual and impressive.
Top of this year ‘s popular (4)__are as follows: taking some friends rally driving , helicopter
lessons, plane trip and parachuting , and hot air ballooning . Then there is always group bungee
jumping or taking your buddies on a stomach – churning , while water rafting (5)__down rapids.
The desire of adventurous celebration is not restricted to the (6)__. I recently met an octogenarian
who celebrated (7)__the milestone of eighty by having a fly lesson.
Of course, if you have money the world is your oyster. A very rich relation of mine flew fifty of his

Question 7: A. attaining
B. arriving
C. reaching
D. getting
Question 8: A. distant
B. remote
C. faraway
D. slight
Question 9: A. pacify
B. satisfy
C. distract
D. absorb
Question 10:A. however
B. but
C. nevertheless
D.anyway

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PASSAGE 16:
COULD COMPUTER GAMES BE GOOD FOR YOU AFTER ALL
In Britain, the average young person now spends more money on games each year than on
going to the cinema or renting videos. But is this 1_____ a bad thing? For years, newspaper reports
have been 2 _____ that children who spend too much time playing computer games become

A. means
A. in order to
A. supports
A. giving

B. certainly
B. informing
B. result
B. thought
B. force
B. noticing
B. asks
B. such as
B. helps
B. ending

C. fully
C. telling
C. reason
C. turned
C. push
C. imagining
C. brings
C. due to
C. shows
C. taking

21

D. nearly

themselves and others working in the same organization.
Question 1. A. large

B. jointed

C. single

Question 2. A. contact

B. introduce

C. distinguish D.compare

Question 3. A. is

B. is said

C. indicates

D. means

Question 4. A. parts

B. information

C. elements

D.properties

Question 5. A. on


Question 9. A. that

B. what

C. which

D.it

Question 10. A. change

B. exchange

C. transform D.transit

22

D. branch


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PASSAGE 18:

GLOBAL WARMING
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many
scientists (1) ______ the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) ______ the world's


C. risk

D. threat

Question 4: A. just

B. well

C. such

D. even

Question 5: A. strong

B. strict

C. heavy

D. severe

Question 6: A. raise

B. lift

C. rise

D. arise

Question 7: A. pressure


23


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PASSAGE 19:

Interpreting the feelings of other people is not always easy, as we all know, and we (1)____ as
much on what they seem to be telling us, as on the actual words they say. Facial (2)____ and tone of
voice are obvious ways of showing our (3)____ to something, and it may well be that we
unconsciously express views that we are trying to hide. The art of being (4)____ lies in picking up
these signals, realizing what the other person is trying to say, and acting so that they are not
embarrassed in any way. For example, we may understand that they are in fact (5)____ to answer
our question, and so we stop pressing them. Body movements in general may also indicate feelings,
and interviewers often pay particular attention to the way a candidate for a job walks into the room
and sits down. However it is not difficult to present the right kind of appearance, while what many
employers want to know relates to the candidate’s character traits, and (6)____ stability. This raises
the awkward question of whether job candidates should be asked to complete psychological tests,
and the further problem of whether such tests actually produce (7)____ results. For many people,
being asked to take part in such a test would be an objectionable (8)____ into their private lives.
After all, a prospective employer would hardly ask a candidate to run a hundred meters, or
expect his or her family doctor to provide (9)____ medical information. Quite apart from this
problem, can such tests predict whether a person is likely to be a (10)____ employee or a values
colleague?
Question 1:


A. successful

B. humble

C. good at

D. tactful

Question 5:

A. hesitant

B. reluctant

C. tending

D. used

Question 6:

A. psychological

B. physical

C. similar

D. relevant

Question 7:


A. laborious

B. particular

C. thorough

D. conscientious

24


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PASSAGE 20:

If you can roll a ball, you can play bowls. Everyone can play: young and old, men and women,
the fit and the not so fit. It is the (1)____ outdoor game that really is a sport for all. What other
sports can grandparents play on equal terms with their grandchildren? What other game is so simple
that you could take up it today and be (2)____ in the national championship tomorrow?
Simple? Perhaps that is not the (3)____ word. There are bowls players in their thousands
(4)____ will tell you that, although bowls is a game that anyone can (5)____ in five minutes, it
takes a lifetime to (6)____ it. They are the people who have developed a passionate interest in the
game .(7)____ for outsiders, bowls is another word, and a strange and puzzling one. They see a
bowl game in action and wonder what is going on.
What the players are trying to do is easy to explain. Their (8)____ is to roll their bowls, called
wood, as near as possible to the little white ball, called the jack. If one of your bowls finishes nearer
to the jack than your opponent's, you score one point and he or she scores (9)____ If you have the


C. which

D. who

Question 5. A. see through

B. pick up

C. catch on

D. find out

Question 6. A. tame

B. manage

C. master

D. control

Question 7. A. However

B. Although

C. Unlike

D. Besides

Question 8. A. point