VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
--------------------

NGUYEN HUY CANH

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HAI DUONG
PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Major: Development Economics
Code: 9.31.01.05

ECONOMICS PHD THESIS

HANOI - 2019


The Works is completed at:
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

SCIENCE INSTRUCTORS:
1. PhD. Le Anh Vu
2. PhD. Chu Van Lam
1. PGS. TS. Chu Đức Dũng
2. S. Trần Thị Nam Trân
Reviewer 1: Prof. PhD. Nguyen Ke Tuan
Reviewer 2: Assoc. Prof. PhD. Ngo Tuan Nghia
Reviewer 3: Assoc. Prof. PhD. Nguyen Van Nam

The Thesis will be defensed in front of the PhD thesis council

linkage for agricultural development is very faint and loose; supporting
services and infrastructure do not keep up with the development needs of
agriculture; processing industry develops slowly; types of land markets,
labor markets, capital markets and technology markets are not synchronized
and have not operated smoothly. Therefore, there is a need for innovation in
agricultural growth orientation and model, to meet the requirements of
international economic integration, efficiency and sustainable development.
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Facing the requirement of deeper and deeper integration into the
world and regional economies with many opportunities and challenges, Hai
Duong is stepping up the restructuring of the agricultural sector, focusing
on best exploiting the potentials and advantages, promoting the application
of science and technology to production, reducing losses in production and
post-harvest; land management innovation; reorganizing agricultural
production in association with the development of processing industry and
product consumption; expanding markets for environmentally friendly
products and services; However, the growth rate of agriculture is still low,
lacks competitiveness in the market.
These are the reasons for the researcher to choose the topic
"Agricultural development in Hai Duong province in the context of
international economic integration" as the thesis research topic.
2. Research goals and tasks
2.1. Research goals
- General goal
The research aims to establish theoretical basis, practical basis and
solutions to agricultural development in Hai Duong province in the context of
international economic integration
- Specific goals

complex topic, the thesis is limited to research the development of
cultivation and animal husbandry in association with international
economic integration; The issue of selecting the appropriate development
path of Hai Duong agriculture in the new context is a priority issue in the
thesis analysis.
* Spatial scope
The thesis will conduct a research on the status of agricultural
development in Hai Duong province.
* Time scope
The thesis will study the status of agricultural development in Hai
Duong province in the period from 2011 to 2016; propose agricultural
development solutions to 2025, vision to 2030.
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5. Research methodology
(i) Collecting secondary documents and information:
Type of information: Theoretical basis, practical basis for agricultural
development; Natural, socio-economic characteristics of Hai Duong
province; Agricultural development situation of districts in the province and
study sites.
- Supply sources: The recent related research results are conducted by
research centers, agencies and organizations (reports, proceedings,
scientific research topics, theses, projects). Reports, statistical yearbooks,
plans, resolutions, policies... of localities, documents, economic statistics, a
number of relevant analytical tables, available documents at central and
local agencies; via the internet, radio and magazines... to serve as a basis for
analyzing the contents of agricultural development in the context of
international economic integration in Hai Duong over the past time.
- How to collect: Contacting individuals, agencies, units and

edited and processed by Excel software, calculated by SPSS.20, as many as
121 sheets are obtained in line with the purpose of collecting and
synthesizing opinions from the surveys among enterprises, management
agencies and farmers' households. After that SPSS.20 software is used to
analyze and synthesize tables and research indicators in accordance with the
objectives and contents of the thesis.
6. The thesis contributions
- Building, supplementing and clarifying the system of theoretical
and practical bases on agricultural development based on an overview of
research works.
- Determining the system of criteria groups for evaluating
agricultural development in the context of international economic
integration.
- Evaluating and synthesizing factors affecting agricultural
development in Hai Duong province, pointing out advantages and
difficulties in the process of agricultural development in the context of
international economic integration.

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- Analyzing the status of agricultural development in Hai Duong
province in the period of 2011 - 2016
- The thesis proposes a number of specific solutions to help
accelerating the agricultural development process in Hai Duong province in
a more effective way in the context of deeper and deeper international
economic integration.
7. The thesis structure
In addition to the Introduction, conclusions, references and
appendices, the content of the thesis is structured into 4 chapters:

- About international research projects
Studies have examined developing countries' agriculture in the
process of shifting to agricultural commodity production associated with
world agricultural trade; This shows that the economic development of a
country must start from the development and restructuring of agriculture
and be driven by market demand; agricultural transition involves
diversification in the agricultural sector to meet domestic and international
market needs; making arguments about the impact of policy to determine
the development direction of agricultural and rural economy; addressing
issues of regional development policies, policies to support inputs and
outputs for agricultural production, agricultural trade policies; At the same
time, success and failure patterns in agricultural and rural development are
raised and farmers' problems are solved... These studies have reference
value for building a modern agricultura in short-term improve quality and
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develop products with advantages, enhance brand awareness; and in the
long term, it is moved forward to quality products and high productivity to
ensure national food security and sustainable development.
- About domestic research projects
The studies are focused on Vietnamese territories, with little
correlation and assessment with the region and the world, leading to limited
analysis and conclusions about agriculture. This is a suggestion for the
thesis to approach the current picture of agricultural development and
conditions for developing agriculture in the context of international
economic integration in the following years.
A number of Works that have summarized the theory and practice of
models on cooperation production linkages, and value chains in
agriculture... provide valuable data for the author in the research,

From the above analysis, it can be seen that agricultural development
is an agricultural movement process from low to height, from handicraft
production to the production of modern machinery and more and more
active participation in the global agricultural product value chain... to meet
the goal of sustainable agricultural development.
2.1.3. Characteristics of agricultural development meeting the
requirements of socio-economic development
+ Large and market-oriented agricultural commodity production
+ Agriculture is built on the basis of advanced and modern material
and technology
+ To attach importance to science, technology and technology in
combination with rational use of traditional experiences
+ Large-scale commodity production, diversification of product
structure, production organization turned into business-styled and business
method turned into careers.
+ High level of specialization, socialization and regionalization of the
production process, creating added value for agricultural products.
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+ Improving labor productivity, forming value chains in production
and trade, having potential in reducing production costs to create high
competitiveness.
+ Using less labor, attaching importance to labor efficiency, raising
intellectual standards, comprehensively developing rural socio-economic
life
2.1.4. Role of agricultural production
+ For socio-economic aspects:
- Agriculture produces food that meets the daily needs of people.
- Agriculture ensures raw materials for food processing industry

2.2.2. Content of international economic integration
(i) Preferential trade agreement (PTA)
(ii) Free trade agreement (FTA)
(iii) Customs Union (CU)
(iv) Common market
(v) Economic-monetary union
2.2.3. Content of agricultural development in the context of
international economic integration
2.2.3.1 The need for agricultural development in the context of
integration
It can be said that agricultural development in the context of
integration will achieve the following benefits:
+ Allocating resources in agriculture
+ Diversifying products and markets
+ Receiving new science and technology, improving quality,
productivity
+ Improving the quality of human resources in agriculture
2.2.3.2 Content of agricultural development in the context of
integration
- Sustainability-oriented agriculture development
- Export-oriented agricultural development
- Application of high technology in agriculture

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2.2.4. Criteria for assessing agricultural development in international
economic integration
- Criteria group of general agriculture development
- Criteria group of economic efficiency

Fourth, in order to have a clean agriculture, sustainable development,
high productivity, with valuable products, it is needed to have a "fourhouse" structure in processing and consumption. At the same time, it is
required to promote the development of high-tech agriculture in association
with market demand, considering high-tech agriculture as a breakthrough to
develop high-quality, efficient and sustainable agriculture.
2.5.2. Lesson of failure
Firstly, agricultural economics restructuring is still limited
Secondly, most provinces still develop agriculture without
environmental sustainability
2.5.3. The cause of this limitation is due to:
Firstly, thinking and vision reflected in the planning and organization
of agricultural development in the new conditions of many local levels in
our country are not yet complying with market rules.
Secondly, small, scattered, fragmented production organizations
which have not linked sustainable benefits among entities involved in
production and consumption; no value chain has been established and the
ability to participate in agricultural value chains remains poor; waste of
natural resources; seriously abusing chemical substances, including toxic
substances in the production, processing and preservation of agricultural
products for short-term and immediate benefits; not paying adequate
attention to the health of both producers and consumers; management of
quality standards for agricultural products is particularly poor.
Thirdly, the agricultural production method is heavy in seasonality,
agricultural technology level and infrastructure system are out of date; it is
not yet active in breeding structure and breeding technology, genetic
technology; The market for agricultural products is very unstable, strongly
dependent on a few markets; The market of inputs with many negatives
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* Technical infrastructure
3.1.3. Assessing the impact of natural - economic - social conditions
on agricultural development in Hai Duong province in the period of 2011 2016
* Advantages and potentials
* Difficulties and limitations
3.2. Current situation of agricultural development in Hai Duong
province in the context of international economic integration, period
2011 - 2016
3.2.1. Mechanism and policies of Hai Duong province for
agricultural development
3.2.2. Sustainability-oriented agricultural development
3.2.2.1. Economically
3.2.2.2. Socially
3.2.2.3. Environmentally
3.2.3. Export-oriented agricultural development
3.2.3.1. Consumption market of crop products
3.2.3.2. Consumption market of livestock products
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3.2.4. Application of modern technology in agriculture
3.2.4.1. For cultivation
3.2.4.2. For husbandry
3.3. Survey results on agricultural development in Hai Duong
province
Based on the survey with the objects of state management agencies,
farmers and enterprises with 250 sheets issued and 121 valid votes collected
in Hai Duong province
3.4. Evaluating some successes and limitations for agricultural
development in Hai Duong province in the period of 2011 - 2016

- Promote scientific and technological applications:
4.2.2. Challenges in the trend of international economic integration
- Facing many barriers in agricultural product exports:
- Countries in the region invest in agricultural development,
increasing competitiveness.
4.3. Analysis of SWOT matrix for agricultural development
model in Hai Duong province in the context of international economic
integration
From the SWOT matrix, it is possible to have general orientations for
the modern agricultura model for Hai Duong province in the coming time,
specifically:
(1) Planning large-scale production areas (large fields), developing
key and advantageous crops and livestock.
(2) Investment in new construction, expansion of processing and
storage areas of agricultural products after harvest near material areas.
(3) Continuing to expand the market and diversify products.
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(4) Promoting research and transfer of new technologies, new
biotechnology, selecting new varieties with high productivity and good
quality to put into production.
(5) Strengthening agricultural and fishery encouragement work and
market promotion information for agricultural production entities.
(6) Promoting linkage, cooperation, forming value chains in
producing and consuming agricultural products, creating added value for
agricultural products, thereby improving investment efficiency.
(7) Increasing to open professional training classes, technical and
management training for agricultural production entities; promoting the role
of associations and unions in propaganda and education to bring scientific

food consumption, contributing to ensuring the national food security.
Reducing the area of growing food crops to the necessary level, maintaining
and expanding the concentrated production areas of traditional vegetables,
having a stable consumption market (beans, carrots, onion,...) and
increasing efficiency on each one cultivated land ha by planting high
economic value trees
+ By 2020, striving to increase the average production value of
cultivation by 0.8%/year. Development of commodity production is
concentrated in the form of "large fields", "associated fields" together with
preserving, processing and consuming products following the value chain.
Applying scientific and technological advances, bringing new varieties and
mechanization into production to increase productivity and reduce labor.
Encouraging expansion of production models in accordance with good
agricultural practices (VietGap, AseanGap, GlobalGap) and organic
agriculture to improve product quality, encouraging businesses to invest in
existing processing facilities, cold storage system to preserve and process
agricultural products, improve the output value and product value.
+ In the period of 2025 - 2030, cultivation is still a sector with a high
proportion, contributing to stabilizing the lives of the majority of farmers,
however, the quality of development and plant structure must be changed to
suit the more and more increasing consumption demand.
+ Agricultural land tends to decrease due to shifting to industry,
construction, services, urbanization and other uses, so intensive farming
increases productivity, reasonable arrangement of crops, maximizing land
use factor are among the basic measures in the development of the
cultivation, continuing to implement the policy of land accumulation,

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+ Development of agricultural markets towards integration
- Clearly defining the markets in order to have a strategy and plan for
product consumption development suitable to each type of market
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- Strengthening the organization of consumption networks in the
province on the basis of developing the network of purchasing, distributing
and retailing agricultural products through the construction and expansion
of wholesale markets, shops and supermarkets in suitable places, bringing
products to reach consumers conveniently
- Participating in trade promotion programs in targeted markets,
attending domestic and foreign trade fairs for agricultural products with the
participation of the community, especially the top enterprises province.
- Promoting the construction of trademarks for agricultural products
that have the advantage of developing strong, highly competitive brands in
the market.
- Developing multi-lingual websites and documents on provincial
agricultural products.
+ Step by step participating in the global agricultural value chain
For production organization issues
- Innovating and building economic models, effective production
organization forms
- Continueing to renovate mechanisms and policies for the
agricultural sector
- Construction of agricultural product processing facilities
For agricultural product business issues
- Increasing investment in trade promotion activities, providing
market information
- Investment in building forces for forecasting research and market

+ Department of Industry and Trade
+ Department of Planning and Investment
+ Department of Natural Resources and Environment
+ Department of Science and Technology
+ Department of Finance
+ Coordination Office for new rural program of the province
+ Provincial Fatherland Front Committee, socio-political
organizations
+ People's Committees of districts, cities and towns

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CONCLUSION
1. Agriculture is one of the most important and complex economic
sectors, playing a major role in economic development in most countries,
especially in developing countries like our country. Agriculture ensures
adequate supply of human life with the essential products that are food.
These products, despite the current development of science and technology,
have not been replaced by any industry.
2. Hai Duong is a key agricultural province of the Red River Delta,
which there are many advantages in geographical location, natural and
socio-economic conditions for comprehensive agricultural development to
meet development needs of the local economy and for export.
3. In the process of industrialization and modernization, agriculture
still accounts for a high proportion in the GDP structure. By 2017, the
agriculture, forestry and fishery sector attracts nearly 70% of the total labor
force of the province and contributes nearly 30% of the GDP structure. It
metes the needs of food for people in the province and neighboring
provinces.