Directed speech and reported speech
( Trực tiếp – Gián tiếp)
I. Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy(,) hoặc
dấu hai chấm(:).
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi
không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party.
II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ

Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
Statement Reported speech
S + V + O
said / to Sb (O) + That + S
2
V
2
S
1
+ told (O) + That + S
2
V
2

)
Past progressive (was/were
+V
ing
)
Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been
+V
ing
)
Past perfect Past perfect
Future simple (will +V) Future in the past (would +V)
Near future (is/am/are +going Was/were +going to +V
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
to+V)
2. Modal
verbs
Will
Can
May
Must
Would
Could
Might
Must/Had to
3. Adverb
of place
This That
These Those
Here There

1. Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/does/did/had/will)
S
1
+ asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S
2
V
2
2. Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S
1
+ asked (+ Object) + WH + S
2
V
2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered,
wanted to know…
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
EX: 1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
- My friend said that I had better contact with her.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.

 ___________________________________________________________
1. He said to her, “You are my friend.”
___________________________________________________________
2. Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this axercise.”
 ___________________________________________________________
3. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.
 ___________________________________________________________
4. Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.
___________________________________________________________
5. John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.
___________________________________________________________
6. Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.
___________________________________________________________
7. “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.
___________________________________________________________
1. He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
________________________________________________
2. She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
________________________________________________
3. He said, “I have a toothache.”
________________________________________________
4. She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
________________________________________________
5. They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
________________________________________________
6. He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
________________________________________________
7. She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
________________________________________________
8. He said, “I have received the envelope.”

1. My mother told me that she was sad then.
 ___________________________________________________________
2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.
___________________________________________________________
3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.
 ___________________________________________________________
4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.
___________________________________________________________
5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.
 ___________________________________________________________
6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.
 ___________________________________________________________
7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.
________________________________________________
8. He said that he had a toothache.
________________________________________________
9. She said she went to the museum every day.
________________________________________________
10. They said they were going to the supermarket.
________________________________________________
11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.
________________________________________________
12. He said he had received the report.
________________________________________________
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.
………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
………………………………………………………..

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