Tãm t¾t kiÕn thøc c¬ b¶n vÒ tiÕng Anh
1. After special expressions of location:
- On the beach were five beach umbrellas.
Expr. of loc. V S
- Nowhere did he see her.
Expr. of loc. first V S
- First came a police car, then came an ambulance.
- He saw her nowhere.
After special negatives (NO, NOT, and NEVER)
and almost negative (HARDLY, RARELY,
SCARCELY, NOT ONLY, NOT UNTIL, NOT ONCE, AT
NO TIME, BY NO MEANS, BARELY, SELDOM, NO
SOONER,etc.) expressions.
- Never had I seen such a beautiful sight.
Negative first V S
4 After the special expressions SO and NEITHER :
- So happy was she that she danced around
the room.
- I liked coffee, and so did Nam .
V S
. In conditional sentences that do not begin with IF :
- With IF : - If he had met you, he would have talked to you.
S V
- Without IF : - Had he met you, he would have talked to you.
first V S
. We can use IF with many different structures. Here are the most common:
1.1. Open present or future conditionals :
IF + present simple + will + infinitive
- If he asks me, I’ll help him. ( Perhaps he will ask me)
VI. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1.2. Unreal present or future conditionals:

7. They will discuss the matter at their next meeting.
8. The police caught the thief.
SENTENCE BUILDING / WRITING
MODEL 1:
TOO + ADJ + (for smb)+ to-INFINITIVE
à … - SO + ADJ + THAT …...
… - SUCH (A/AN) ADJ + N + THAt ...
Example :
- The box is too heavy for a child to carry.
- The box is so heavy that the child can’t carry it.
- It is such a heavy box that the child can’t carry it.
MODEL 2:
TOO + ADJ + ….. to – INFINITIVE
à NOT + ADJ + ENOUGH + (for smb)
+ to – INFINITIVE
Example :
- He is too young to understand the problem.
- He is not old enough to understand the problem.
- The ceiling is too high for her to reach .
- The ceiling is not low enough for her to reach.
- She is not tall enough to reach the ceiling.
MODEL 3:
ADJ + ENOUGH + (for…)+ to – INFINITIVE
à … SO + ADJ + THAT …..…
… SUCH (A/AN) ADJ + N + THAT ….
Example :
- This question is easy enough for us to answer.
2
- This question is so easy that we can answer it.
- It is such an easy question that we can answer it.

à S + V (think,find,..)+ IT + ADJ/N + TO -
INFINITIVE
Example :
a) – To speak English naturally must be hard.
- I find it hard to speak English naturally.
b) – To be punctual is a good thing.
- I think it a good thing to be punctual.
b) – It’s necessary to practise English every day.
- I think it necessary to practise English every day.
MODEL 9 :
S + HAVE/ HAS NOT + VERB (PP2)
à …. FIRST TIME + S + HAVE/HAS + V (PP2)
) – I haven’t seen that film before
- It is the first time I have seen that film.
b) – I have never read this book before.
3
- It ‘s the first time I have read this book.
MODEL 10 :
S +HAVE/HAS + NOT + V (P2) ……. SINCE /FOR
à - S + LAST + V (PAST) ….
- The last time + S + V(past)….
Example :
a) – It has not rained here for a fortnight.
- It last rained here a fortnight ago.
- The last time it rained here was a fortnight ago.
MODEL 11 :
S + VERB (PAST) ……………. AGO
à S + HAVE/HAS been + V-ing + SINCE../ FOR ..
(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Example :

ADJ/ADV + ER
ADJ/ADV
THAN
THAN
Example :
4
a) –Susan isn’t as good at history as Jane.
- Jane is better at history than Susan.
b) –Stone isn’t as hard as iron
- Iron is harder than stone
+ VERB + NOT + S + v + noT … EITHER
à NEITHER ……. NOR ………..
Example :
a) - My husband doesn’t drink a lot. He doesn’t smoke a lot either.
- My husband neither drink nor smoke a lot.
b) - I don’t like tea. I don’t like coffee either.
- I like neither tea nor coffee.
MODEL 16 :
* WHY DON’T YOU + VERB + …. ?
à S + SUGGESTED THAT … (SHOULD) + V …..
Example :
– “Why don’t you complain to the company, T©m ?, said Lan.
- Lan suggested that T©m (should) complain to the company.
MODEL 17 :
* WH- QUESTIONS à INDIRECT QUESTION
à S + ASKED + (OBJ) + QUESTION WORD + S + V
Example :
a) – T©m asked me “ What is her name?”
- T©m asked me what her name was.
a) – “ Why don’t you close the door, Nam?” said T©m.