Scan and OCR by maillo LIVING LANGUAGE
FLUENT

English

Written by

Barbara Raifsnider

Edited by

Christopher A. Warnasch

Scan and OCR by maillo

Contents

Introduction

LESSON 1

HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN HERE? 1

1
A



1 G
Bring it All Together 7

1
H
Listen Up! 9

1 I
Why Do They Do That? Greetings and
SmallTalk 9

LESSON 2

DON'T GO AWAYI 11

2 A
Say It Clearly!:-s Endings 11

2 B
English At Work: Recorded Message— The
Hotel Royale 11

2 C
Build Your Vocabulary 11

2
D

English Under the Hood:

Move 19

LESSON 3

WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO? 21

3 A
Say It Clearly!: Reductions 21

3 B
English At Work: Dialogue -Would You
Mind if I Looked at Your Resume? 21

3 C
Build Your Vocabulary 22

3 D
English Under the Hood:

1. Questions and Negatives in the Simple
Past Tense 24
2. The Past Habitual: Used to, Didn't Use
to, and Would Always 24

3. Making Polite Requests 26

3 E
Phrasal Verbs with work 27

3

English At Work: Reading - Banks in the

U.S. 32
4 C
Build Your Vocabulary 33
4 D
English Under the Hood:

1. Simple Future vs. Immediate Future 34
2. The Present Continuous and Simple
Present to Express the Future 35
3. The Simple Present Tense with
Prepositions of Time 35
4 E
Phrasal Verbs with pay 36

4 F
Real English: In the Black 36

4 G
Bring it All Together 37

4 H
Listen Up! 39

4 I
Why Do They Do That? Debt 39

5

E
Phrasal Verbs for Shopping 46

5

F
Real English: Shop Till You Drop! 47

5

G
Bring it All Together 47

5

H
Listen Up! 49

5

I
Why Do They Do That? Service with a
Smile 50

LESSON 6

I HAVE GOT TO HAVE A NEW CAR! 51


Phrasal Verbs with come 55

6

F
Real English: I Need Some
New iWheels! 57

6

G
Bring it All Together 57

6

H
Listen Up! 59

6

I
Why Do They Do That? Americans and
Their Cars 59

LESSON 7

PUSHING THE ENVELOPE 61

7


Real English: Keeping in Touch with
Friendly Advice 67 Bring it All
7

G
Together 68 Listen Up! 70

7

H
Why Do They Do That? Benjamin Franklin
and the American Work Ethic 70

LESSON 8

YOUR RIGHTS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES 72

8

A
Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant
Linking 2 72

8

B
English At Work: Dialogue - Do You Know
Why I Pulled You Over? 72



H
Listen Up! 80

8

I
Why Do They Do That? Some Important
Driver's Responsibilities 80

LESSON 9

THIS IS PARADISE, ISN'T IT? 8

9

A
Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Tag

Questions 82
9

B
English At Work: Reading - Aloha from

Hawaii! 82
9

C
Build Your Vocabulary 83

LESSON 10

TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME! 92
10

A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Questions in
Statement Form 92
10

B English At Work: Dialogue-It's a Great
Day for Baseball! 92
10

C Build Your Vocabulary 93
10

D English Under the Hood:
1. Reported Speech: Past, Present, and
Future 94
2. Using Modals in Reported Speech 95
3. Questions in Statement Form 96
10

E Phrasal Verbs with keep 97
10

F Real English: A Day at the Races 97
10

G Bring it All Together 98

SHE'LL WIN BY A LANDSLIDE! 114
12 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters 114
12 B English At Work: Reading-America Divided,
But Always United 114
12 C Build Your Vocabulary 115
12 D English Under the Hood:
1. The Progressive Form of Modals 116
2. The Use of would rather 117
3. Past Ability 118
12 E Phrasal Verbs for Winning and Losing
118
12 F Real English: Does She Have What it
Takes? 119
12 G Bring it All Together 119
12 H Listen Up! 122
12 I Why Do They Do That? Religion in the
U.S. 122
LESSON 13

PRIDE OF OWNERSHIP 124
13 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions with should,
could, and would 124
13 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who Needs
Buyer's Remorse? 124
13 C Build Your Vocabulary 125
13 D English Under the Hood:
1.Past Forms of should and shouldn't 126
2.Be supposed to and be to 127
3.Making Suggestions with could 127
13 E Phrasal Verbs for Buying and Selling a

LET'S GET TOGETHER SOMETIME!
145
15 A I Say It Clearly!:The Vowels in pull and
pool 145
15 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who's That
Over There? 145
15 C Build Your Vocabulary 147
15 D English Under the Hood:
1. Verbs Followed by Gerunds 149
2. Verbs Followed by Prepositions and
Gerunds 149
3. Go plus Gerunds 150
15 E Phrasal Verbs about Relationships 151
15 F Real English: She's a Real Knockout! 152
15 G Bring it All Together 152
15 H Listen Up! 154
15 I Why Do They Do That? Drop by
Anytime! 154

LESSON 16
WATERCOOLER CONVERSATIONS
156
16 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowel Sound in
man 156
16 B i English At Work: Dialogue - What Do
You Think About the New Boss? 156
16 C Build Your Vocabulary 157
16 D English Under the Hood:
1. Passive and Past Forms of
Infinitives and Gerunds 158

17I Why Do They Do That? Food
Manners 174
LESSON 18
GET INTO SHAPE! 177
18 A Say It Clearly!: Linking Reductions with d,
t, s, or z 177
18 B English At Work: Dialogue-Let Us
Design a Fitness Program for You! 177
18 C Build Your Vocabulary 178 18 D English
Under the Hood:
1. Implied Conditionals 199
2. Using wish in Conditionals 180
3. Using would to Make Wishes 181
18 E Phrasal Verbs for Health and Fitness 182
18 F Real English: You're the Picture of
Health! 183
18 G Bring it All Together 183
18 H Listen Up! 185
18 I Why Do They Do That? The Fitness
Craze 186

LESSON 19

911, EMERGENCY! 188
19 A Say It Clearly!: Dropping Syllables 188
19 B English At Work: Dialogue - Isn't This an
Emergency? 188
19 C Build Your Vocabulary 189
19 D English Under the Hood:
1. Indirect Objects as Passive

APPENDIX A

IRREGULAR VERBS 211

APPENDIX B

ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY
PREPOSITIONS 213
APPENDIX C

VERBS FOLLOWED BY
PREPOSITIONS 214
APPENDIX D

REAL ENGLISH IDIOMS 215
INDEX 221
INTRODUCTION

Fluent English is a high intermediate-/advanced-level course in English as a second or
foreign language. It is designed to meet the needs of the intermediate-level student in
vocabulary, grammar, listening comprehension, idiomatic usage, and pronunciation. It
offers a great deal of practice in each of these areas, through both written exercises and
recorded materials. The language used in this course is realistic and practical, and the
situations in each of its twenty lessons offer a cultural context that will be recognizable
and relevant to most intermediate-level students of English.

The course is divided into twenty lessons covering a range of topics from small talk and

student should be able to understand the meaning of each expression from
context, but each idiom is also defined in an appendix at the back of the book.
• Bring it All Together. Each lesson also includes five comprehensive review
exercises. The first exercise focuses on the vocabulary from the lesson, the next
three focus on

the grammar and structure, and the last one focuses on the phrasal verbs introduced in
that lesson.

• Listen Up! Each lesson includes a recorded listening comprehension exercise. The
student is directed to listen to a short article or dialogue on a topic related to the lesson,
and then to answer questions written in the book. The Listen Up sections are designed
to use both vocabulary and idiomatic expressions related to the theme of the lesson.

• Why Do They Do That? Each lesson includes a culture note that explains an aspect of
American culture related to the lesson's topic. These aspects of culture range from table
manners to home ownership to driving habits to proper behavior while being pulled over
for speeding. The culture notes are designed to be both interesting and relevant to the
student's experiences.

• Answer Key. Each lesson also includes a key to all exercises.

KEY TO SYMBOLS
When you see PLAY CD and listen to the examples or exercises on the audio
portion of the course.
When you see PAUSE CD and return to the book until you seethe next

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Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 3

To conspire. To plan together in secret to do harm. Kathy and Jane conspired to make
Mary look foolish.

To solicit. To ask for something of value, usually money. Raymond got a job soliciting
money for his political party.

To sabotage. To destroy or cause to fail. The lab technician sabotaged the experiment
by deliberately mixing up the samples.

Present Perfect Simple Past

/ have spoken I spoke

you have spoken you spoke

he, she, it has spoken he, she, it spoke

we have spoken we spoke

they have spoken they spoke

As you can see, the present perfect tense is formed with the verb to have and the past
participle of the main verb, in this case, spoken. The simple past tense is just the past form of
the verb, which in this case is spoke. These tenses are used a bit differently. The present
perfect tense expresses an event that happened in the past when the exact time is not
known, or when there's a result or a connection being made to the present, or when the time
reference is still unfinished, as in so far this week, or up to now, or during my entire life.The
simple past tense, on the other hand, expresses an action that happened when a specific
finished time is given, such as yesterday or last4 FLUENT ENGLISH
week or in 1995. Sometimes these tenses are interchangeable, depending on what the speaker
wishes to emphasize. Here are a few examples.
Julia has returned from her trip. (No specific time is given or is important, and the speaker is
emphasizing that Julia is now home.)
Julia returned from her trip. (Perhaps this is part of a longer narration of events in the past.)
I finished reading the novel last night. ("Last night" indicates a specific time in the past.)
Has Pam ever been to New York? ("Ever" means "during her entire life.")


ate eaten
go

went gone
have had had
know knew known
see

saw seen
sing

sang sung
speak spoke spoken

Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 5

take took taken
write wrote written
PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Complete each of the following sentences.
1. (sing) Who ______ that last song?
2. (do) Sarah _____ her homework last night.
3. (be) Where ______ you at breakfast?
4. (begin) Madeline ______ already __________ her new job.
5. (know) Henry _______ all of the answers.
6. (write) _______ you _________ that letter yet?
7. (begin) Angel ______ his university education last spring.
8. (sing) She _____ in Las Vegas many times.
9. (see) ______ anyone really ever _________ Big Foot?
10. (take) I had a headache, so I ______ some aspirin.


a) To take something up off of a surface. Pick your coat up off the floor.
b) To meet and collect a person from a specific location. Who's going to pick Henry up at
the airport?
c) To buy something Jordan picked up some milk on the way home.
*Note that to pick up a person can also mean to meet someone, usually at a public place such as a bar or
night club, and to become sexually involved with him or her after spending only a short time together.

Pick out.

a) To select, to choose. Melissa picked out a shirt and brought it to the dressing room.
b) To separate from. If you break a wine glass, make sure you pick all of the glass out of the
carpet.
Pick over.

To take the best of something and leave what is not so good. The shirts have been on
sale so long that they've really been picked over.

Pick on.

To tease. My sisters and brothers always picked on me because I was the youngest.

Pick from.

To choose from a group of something. Mrs. Stefanson picked a new assistant from the
group of applicants for the job.

Pick at.

a) To take only very small amounts of food. Jessica ate almost everything on her plate, but

fraud, custody, ordinance, engaging.
1. When we found out that Dr. Wells hadn't gone to medical school, we knew he was a
________.
2. Learning new skills is essential to the successful ________ from a life of crime.
3. For some people, working is much harder than ________ in crime.
4. The well-known International is an organization dedicated to encouraging
governments to free their political prisoners.
5. Bill Jackson felt because he had received a dishonorable discharge from the army and
few employers would hire him.
6. The soldiers sneaked in behind enemy lines to ______ the next shipment of weapons.
7. ______ by jealousy, Roberto accused his wife of having an affair.
8. If you let your dog walk around without a leash, you are violating a city.
9. I want to show you some new gems we've recently .
10. The senator was forced to resign when his with a racist organization was uncovered.
11. A sixteen-year-old cannot attend adult school without a from high school.
12. Tammy went to several companies to ______ money so that she could afford to travel
to the swimming competition.
13. Ralph was ______ for breaking and entering.
14. Mary was ______ for driving with her lights off.
15. The Rangels filed for ______ of their daughter's son.
16. A governor has the power to give to a condemned criminal, commuting a death
sentence to life in prison.
17. The boys ______ to scare all the girls in class on Halloween.
18. Wiretaps were placed on the ambassador's phone line in an act of.
19. Tony named his wife, Susan, as the _________ on his life insurance policy.
20. The labels of many poisonous products warn not to ______ vomiting in case of
accidental ingestion.

REVIEW EXERCISE 2: The Present Perfect Tense vs. the Simple Past Tense



Fill in each sentence with since or for.

1. I don't think I've seen you _________ high school.
2. They didn't speak to each other __________ several weeks.
3. How long has it been __________ you left?
4. We haven't spoken _________ three years!
5. Why did you keep silent __________ so many months?
6. I can't believe you've been in Boston__________ September!
7. I'm not sure why he hasn't called ___________ last week.
8. It hasn't rained __________ six months.
REVIEW EXERCISE 5: Phrasal Verbs

Place the correct phrasal verb with pick in the blank space in each sentence.

1. What time do you want me to ___________ you __________ from the airport?

2. Alex's mother and sister helped her __________ her wedding dress.
3. Look how you __________ your food. You eat like a bird.
4. Johnny, __________ all your toys and put them away. Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 9
5. Evelyn _________ the label on her sweater because it irritates her.
6. Mrs. Russell told the class bully not to __________ the younger children.
7. Barry's a pretty smart little boy; he seems to __________ whatever anyone says.
8. I've a beautiful crystal vase for Bill and Cindy's wedding gift.
1H LISTEN UP!
Now let's work on your listening comprehension. Turn on your CD and listen to Section 1H. In
this exercise, you will hear someone describing a situation. As you listen, choose the phrasal

Review Exercise 1 1.fraud, 2. rehabilitation, 3. engaging, 4. Amnesty, 5. persecuted, 6. sabotage, 7 Incited,

8. ordinance, 9. procured, 10. affiliation, 11.waiver, 12. solicit, 13. indicted, 14. cited, 15. custody, 16.
clemency, 17. conspired, 18. espionage, 19. beneficiary, 20. induce

Review Exercise 2 1. arrived, 2. has been, 3. hasn't called, 4 put, 5. ate, 6. has gone, 7. visited, 8. have seen
10 FLUENT ENGLISH

Review Exercise 3 1. be /been, 2. did/done, 3. go/went, 4. give/given, 5. eat/eaten, 6. wrote/written,

7. begin/began, 8. see/saw

Review Exercise 4 1. since, 2.for, 3. since, 4.for, 5.for, 6. since, 7. since, 8. for

Review Exercise 5 1. pick/up, 2. pick out, 3. pick at, 4. pick up, 5. picks at, 6. pick on, 7. pick up on, 8. picked out

Listen Up! 1. out, 2. up, 3. up on, 4. at, 5. on, 6. overLesson 2

Don't Go Away!

ARE YOU READY FOR THE LESSON?

Lesson 2, Don't Co Away!, will take you on that paradise vacation you've been waiting for!
You'll read a brochure for a world-class resort hotel and listen to recordings about some

students, we chose inexpensive accommodations for our trip through New Mexico.

Amenities. Attractive and convenient material comforts. Whenever Nancy showed the
smallest townhouses to her clients, she always pointed out the many wonderful
amenities, hoping no one would notice the size.

Amidst. Among, between. Meredith found one black gumdrop amidst the many yellow,
red, and orange ones.12 FLUENT ENGLISH

FLORIDA'S LEGENDARY HOTEL ROYALE
is the perfect vacation destination.
We are conveniently located just minutes from Disney World,
Universal Studios Florida, Sea World Adventure Park, and the
dazzling Orlando nightlife.

AT THE HOTEL ROYALE, we strive to make your stay
memorable. Enjoy a resort atmosphere where you can stroll
among the terraced gardens, sip your drink beside the grotto
pool, pamper yourself at our luxurious European-style spa,
and savor the exceptional cuisine at the Royale Inn.

The Hotel Royale, Florida, features such amenities as:

• Deluxe appointed guest rooms
• A spacious fitness center
• Panoramic views
• A rooftop botanical garden

The hotel rooms were luxurious with their king-size beds, whirlpools, and sun decks.
Nightlife. Places to go and things to see and enjoy at night, e.g., restaurants, theaters, bars,
clubs, cafes, movies, etc. Most people who do a lot of traveling like to sample at least a little
of the nightlife in any city they visit.
Pamper. To give a lot of care and attention to someone. When Sally is depressed she
pampers herself with a shopping spree.
Panoramic. A view that can be seen from all sides. The Empire State Building offers a
panoramic view of New York City.
Savor. To find delicious; to taste or smell with pleasure. Elwin finds Indian food so
delicious that he savors every bite.
Sip. To drink slowly in small amounts. We sat in the coffee shop and sipped our coffee for
hours.
Spacious. Having a lot of space; very large and open. Being used to a tiny apartment, Bill
found Marie's home quite spacious.
Strive. To work toward a goal with great effort. It is difficult to believe that some people
never strive to improve.
Stroll. To walk slowly and in a relaxed way. Mr. and Mrs. Oglesbee strolled through their
garden every evening.
Terraced. With levels arranged like stair steps. Villages in mountainous regions have had to
raise their crops in terraced gardens.
World-class. Among the best in the world. The city council decided to build a world-class
stadium in the hopes of attracting a national football team.
2D ENGLISH UNDER THE HOOD
Many students of English feel that one of the most challenging tenses in English
is the present tense. Perhaps this is simply because it's the first tense students
learn, or that it has so many different uses. But whatever the reasons, there are
three areas that often need to be reviewed:

• The -s ending of the third person singular
• How to form negatives

6. (take) It __________ a lot of money and good credit to buy a house in some parts of
California.

7. (taste) Red apples usually __________ sweet and delicious.
8. (shine) The full moon ___________ clear and bright on warm summer nights.
9. (expect) Meredith ___________ to have another baby before she is 38 years old.

10. (want) All the employees _____ to take a vacation in August.

TOPIC 2: The Negative Simple Present Tense

As you know, the basic negative simple present tense is formed with not. But you
also need to use an auxiliary, or "helping," verb with not, either do or does. The
pattern is:

subject + auxiliary verb do or does + not + main verb (without -s!) Here are some
pairs of examples, first affirmative, and then negative:

/ drive a car. I do not drive a car.

She takes the bus to work. She does not take the bus to work.

Mr. Nasser likes this hotel. Mr. Nasser does not like this hotel.

Sabrina has a new car. Sabrina does not have a new car.

The not comes between do or does and the main verb. It's often attached to do or
does in a contraction:

I don't drive a car.

2. We pay a lot to take the bus.
3. The children do what the teacher says.
4. Most women like to give their clothes away.
5. Darren and Tom care about the rules of good sportsmanship.
6. Maddie gets as much exercise as she used to.
7. It gets better than this!
8. Many flowers bloom all summer long.
9. The yard gets enough water.
10. The mountains have a lot of snow this time of year.
TOPIC 3: Questions in the Present Tense

Questions in the present tense are a lot like negatives, because you always need to
use the auxiliary do or does, except with be:

Sandro studies English at the community center.

Does Sandro study English at the community center?

They are in New York this week.

Are they in New York this week?

Remember to begin questions in the simple present tense with do or does, then the
subject, and then the main verb (again, always without an -s ending!).

Does Tom know Mary?

Do the children enjoy reading?

Does Maxime have many friends?


To go back in the opposite direction. Turn around! We just passed the theater.

Turn down.

a) To lower the power of something, such as lights or volume. Turn down the TV! It's too loud.
b) To enter a road, especially a secondary road thought of as leading to a lower place. You need to
turn down this road and continue to the bottom of the hill.
c) To refuse. It was a great job offer, but I had to turn it down because it was too much
work.
Turn in.

a) To leave a street or highway and enter a driveway, parking lot, etc. / think you can turn in here,
where the sign says PARK.
b) To go to bed. Lawrence usually turns in around 70.00 P.M. because he wakes up so early.
c) To give an assignment or paperwork to a boss or a teacher; to submit. Bethany turned in her
paper just as the professor was leaving.
d) To report someone to the police. When Robert heard about his brother's crimes, he turned him
in.
Turn into.

To become (used with nouns) Jason got a promotion and turned into a real jerk!

Turn off.

a) To stop an electronic device. Turn off the TV, because I can't sleep with it on.
b) To exit a road or freeway. / think you should turn off at the next exit.
c) To be unappealing. This music is horrible! It really turns me off.
Turn on.