GRE Real 19
115
Test 10
SECTION 2
Time— 30 minutes
38 Questions Directions: Each sentence below has one or two
blanks, each blank indicating that something has
been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered
words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of
words for each blank that best fits the meaning of
the sentence as a whole. 1. Read's apology to Heflin was not exactly abject
and did little to ------- their decades-long quarrel,
which had been as ------- as the academic
etiquette of scholarly journals permitted.

(A) encourage. .sporadic
(B) dampen. .courteous
(C) obscure. .ceremonious
(D) resolve. .acrimonious
(E) blur. .sarcastic

2. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops
resist detection until maturity by ------- the
seedling stage in the rice plant's life cycle,
thereby remaining indistinguishable from the

4. Gould claimed no ------- knowledge of
linguistics, but only a hobbyist's interest in
language.

(A) manifest
(B) plausible
(C) technical
(D) rudimentary
(E) insignificant

5. An obvious style, easily identified by some
superficial quirk, is properly ------- as a mere
mannerism, whereas a complex and subtle style
------- reduction to a formula.

(A) avoided. .risks
(B) decried. .resists
(C) prized. .withstands
(D) identified. .consists of
(E) cultivated. .demands

6. If efficacious new medicines have side effects
that are commonly observed and -------, such
medicines are too often considered -------, even
when laboratory tests suggest caution.

(A) unremarkable. .safe
(B) unpredictable. .reliable
(C) frequent. .outdated
(D) salutary. .experimental

9. SMUGGLER : TARIFF ::
(A) embezzler : funds
(B) burglar : entry
(C) stowaway : fare
(D) impersonator : credentials
(E) shoplifter : prosecution

10. LIMBER : FLEXIBILITY ::
(A) mutable : uniformity
(B) spindly : frailty
(C) jagged : regularity
(D) decrepit : vitality
(E) truncated : continuity

11. FOIBLE : FLAW ::
(A) example : generalization
(B) quibble : objection
(C) fever : delirium
(D) dinner : banquet
(E) agreement : treaty

12. EXTRAVAGANCE : EXPENDITURE ::
(A) bias : judgment
(B) exaggeration : deception
(C) inducement : invitation
(D) loquaciousness : talk
(E) distortion : paraphrase

13. SEQUESTER : SECLUSION ::
(A) shun : infamy
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
GRE Real 19
117
Present-day philosophers usually
envision their discipline as an
endeavor that has been, since antiquity,
distinct from and superior to any
(5) particular intellectual discipline, such
as theology or science. Such philosoph-
ical concerns as the mind— body problem
or, more generally, the nature of
human knowledge they believe, are basic
(10) human questions whose tentative
philosophical solutions have served as
the necessary foundations on which all
other intellectual speculation has
rested.
(15) The basis for this view, however, lies
in a serious misinterpretation of the
past, a projection of modern concerns
onto past events. The idea of an
autonomous discipline called

(50) philosophy's core interest should be
epistemology, the general explanation of
what it means to know something. Modern
philosophers now trace that notion
back at least to Descartes and Spinoza,
(55) but it was not explicitly articulated
until the late eighteenth century, by
Kant, and did not become built into the
structure of academic institutions and
the standard self— descriptions of
(60) philosophy professors until the late
nineteenth century. Without the idea of
epistemology, the survival of philosophy
in an age of modern science is hard to
imagine. Metaphysics, philosophy's
(65) traditional core— considered as the most
general description of how the heavens
and the earth are put together— had been
rendered almost completely meaningless
by the spectacular progress of physics.
(70) Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on
the problem of knowledge, managed to
replace metaphysics with epistemology,
and thus to transform the notion of
philosophy as "queen of sciences" into
(75) the new notion of philosophy as a
separate, foundational discipline.
Philosophy became "primary" no longer in
the sense of "highest" but in the sense
of "underlying." After Kant,

Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose
the best answer to each questions. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied
in that passage.
최영범esoterica 어학원
118
18. According to the passage, present-
day philosophers believe that the mind-
body problem is an issue that

(A) has implications primarily for
philosophers
(B) may be affected by recent advances
in science
(C) has shaped recent work in epistemology
(D) has little relevance to present-day
philosophy
(E) has served as a basis for intellectual
speculation since antiquity

19. According to the author, philosophy
became distinct from science and theology
during the

(A) ancient period
(B) medieval period
(C) seventeenth century
(D) nineteenth century
(E) twentieth century

20. The author suggests that Descartes'

22. With which of the following statements
concerning the writing of history would
the author of the passage be most likely
to agree?

(A) History should not emphasize the role
played by ideas over the role played by
individuals.
(B) History should not be distorted by
attributing present-day consciousness to
historical figures.
(C) History should not be focused primarily
on those past events most relevant to the
present.
(D) History should be concerned with
describing those aspects of the past
that differ most from those of the
present.
(E) History should be examined for the
lessons it can provide in understanding
current problems.

23. The primary function of the passage
as a whole is to

(A) compare two competing models
(B) analyze a difficult theory

in response to similar environmental
(15) pressures. Flippers may indeed be a
necessary response to aquatic life,
turtles, whales, and dugongs also have
them. But the common detailed design
found among the pinnipeds probably
(20) indicates a common ancestor. Moreover,
walruses and seals drive themselves
through the water with thrusts of their
hind flippers, but sea lions use their
front flippers. If anatomical similarity
(25) in the flippers resulted from similar
environmental pressures, as posited by
the convergent-evolution theory, one
would expect walruses and seals, but not
seals and sea lions, to have similar
(30) flippers. 24. According to the passage, it has
been recently discovered that

(A) there are detailed skeletal
similarities in the flippers of
pinnipeds
(B) sea lions, seals, and walruses are
all pinnipeds
(C) pinnipeds are descended from animals
that once lived on land
(D) animals without common ancestors

pinnipeds.
(E) Convergent evolution cannot account
for the similarities among pinnipeds. 26. The author implies which of the
following about the fact that turtles,
whales, and dugongs all have flippers?

(A) It can be explained by the hypothesis
that turtles, whales, and dugongs are very
closely related.
(B) It can be explained by the idea of
convergent evolution.
(C) It suggests that turtles, whales, and
dugongs evolved in separate parts of the
world.
(D) It undermines the view that turtles,
whales, and dugongs are all descended from
terrestrial ancestors.
(E) It is the primary difference between
turtles, whales, and dugongs, on the one
hand, and pinnipeds, on the other. 27. In presenting the argument in the
passage, the author does which of the
following?

(A) Contends that key terms in an opposing