Mm
machine
noun
1piece of equipment
• ADJ. great, huge, large, powerful
I
automatic, elec-
tronic
I
labour-saving
I
ingenious, versatile
I
sophis-
ticated
I
reliable
I
defective
I
cash, coffee, exercise,
fax, sewing, (telephone) answering, vending, video,
washing
I
kidney, life-support
The crash victim is now
on a life-support machine.
• VERB
+
MACHINE operate, use, work
I

parts
I
tool
machine
toolsfor making weapons
• PREP. by
The potatoes are planted by machine.
in
a/the -
Just put those clothes in the machine
(=
the wash-
ing machine). on a/the -
I make my own dresses on my
sewing machine.
I
-for
a machinefor making coffee
• PHRASES a make of machine
What make of machine
are they using?
2 system/organization
• ADJ. party, political
The independent candidates did
not have the support of aparty machine.
I
administrative,
government, state
I
propaganda, publicity

I
control, drive, operate
I
renew, replace, update
I
house
The machinery ishoused in a special building.
• MACHINERY
+
VERB drive sth, work sth
I
break
down
I
hum
• PREP. -for
machineryfor grinding wheat
• PHRASES the hum of machinery
mad
adj.
1not sane; crazy/stupid
• VERBS be, look, seem
I
go
He went mad and spent the
rest of his life locked up in a mental hospital.
0
The world
had gone completely mad. I
drive sb

get
I get so mad when people
don't take me seriously.
I
make sb
It makes me really mad
when people toastefood.
• ADV. hopping, really
I
absolutely
I
pretty
• PREP. at/with
My mum's absolutely mad with me!
madness
noun
• ADJ. absolute, pure, sheer, utter
It's sheer madness to
go sailing in weather like this.
• PHRASES the first sign of madness
They say that talk-
ing to yourself is the first sign of madness!
a moment of
madness
In a moment of madness, I said
I'd
help him.
magazine
noun
• ADJ. new, old

I
listings
Check a listings magazine for what's on this weekend.
I
computer, consumer, fashion, gardening, literary,
motoring, music, news, satirical, style, travel
I
girlie,
(hard/soft) porn, porno/pornographic, sex
• QUANT. copy
Why did you buy three copies of the same
magazine?
I
edition, issue
• VERB
+
MAGAZINE leaf through, look at, read
leaf-
ing through the magazines in the waiting room
0
I never
read magazines.
I edit, write for I produce, publish
a
company that produces fashion magazines
I
buy, get,
subscribe to
Which magazines doyou get regularly?
• MAGAZINE

1secret power
• ADJ. black
• VERB
+
MAGIC do, practise
He earns extra money
doing magic at chiidren's parties.
0
Peoplefound guilty of
practising black magic were hanged.
I
believe in
I don't
believe in magic.
I
work
• MAGIC
+
VERB work
The magic slowly begins to work,
and theprincess starts to come to life again.
• PREP.
by-
The rabbit disappeared by magic.
• PHRASES as if by magic
The money had reappeared as
if by magic.
2special quality
• ADJ. absolute, pure, sheer
The show is three hours of

• VERB
+
MAGISTRATE appoint (sb), appoint sb as
I
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magnet
appear before, come up before
He is due to appear before
magistrates in connection with apublic order offence.
• MAGISTRATE
+
VERB
hear sth
A thief who stole
power toolsfrom a store later sold them in a pub, Whitby
magistrates heard yesterday.
I fine sb
I
remand sb in
custody
I
sentence sb
I
adjourn sth
Magistrates ad-
journed the case until June 9.
• PHRASES
magistrates' court
magnet
noun

+
VERB
attract sth, draw sth
The mag-
netism produced by the battery attracts the metal.
0
His
personal magnetism drew people to the church.
magnificent
adj.
• VERBS
be, look
• ADV.
really, truly
I
absolutely, quite
an absolutely
magnificent performance
I
rather
magnify
verb
• ADV.
greatly, highly, hugely
The daring of his exploits
had been hugely magnified by constant telling.
• PHRASES
magnify sth
10, 100,
etc. times

mail
noun
• ADJ.
first-class, second-class
I
surface I express I
registered I internal
If we want to send something to an-
other department, we use the internal mail.
I internation-
al
I
direct
direct mail advertising
I incoming, outgoing
I
unopened, unread I electronic, video, voice
I
junk
I
throw junk mail straight in the bin without reading it.
I
hate
He has received death threats and hate mail from
angry fans.
I fan
• QUANT.
item, sackful
• VERB
+

I
item I program I system
476
• PREP.
by-
Send it
by
first-class mail.
I
in the-
My reply
is in the mail.
0
Is there anything interesting in the mail?
mail
verb
• ADV.
direct
• PREP
to
The brochures are mailed direct tomembers.
mailing list
noun
• ADJ.
free
Why notjoin ourfree mailing list?
• VERB
+
MAILING LIST
go on, join, subscribe to I

+
NOUN
electricity, gas, water
an island
without mains electricity
• PREP.
at the -s
Turn the water off at the mains.
on
the -s
Some of the remoter houses in the village are not on
the mains.
mainstream
noun
• ADJ.
cultural, educational, political, etc.
• VERB
+
MAINSTREAM
enter, join
I
cut sb/sth off
from, exclude sb/sth from
These teachers have been cut
offfrom the mainstream of educational activity.
• MAINSTREAM
+
NOUN
society
I

ious to maintain our close links with the police.
I
have to,
need to
I
strive to, try to
I
help (to)
I
be able to
I
be
difficult to
The government's position became increasing-
ly difficult to maintain.
• PHRASES
the duty/need to maintain sth
He empha-
sized the need to maintain the status quo.
2 keep sth in good condition
• ADV.
properly, well
I
poorly
a poorly maintained cen-
tral heating system
• VERB
+
MAINTAIN
be difficultto I be easy to

I
need, require
• MAINTENANCE
+
NOUN
engineer, crew, man, staff,
team
I
bill, costs
I
contract
I
service
We provide a
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maintenance service on all our products.
I
programme
I
work
2 money paid to support sb
• ADJ.
child
• VERB
+
MAINTENANCE
pay
I
claim
• MAINTENANCE

comprise, constitute, form, make
up
English speakers form the majority of thepopulation.
• MAJORITY
+
NOUN
culture, group, population
I
opinion, view
I
shareholder
I
stake
The French com-
pany holds a majority stake in the retail chain.
• PREP.
in the -
In the general population, right-handed
people are in the majority.
• PHRASES
in the majority of cases
In the vast majority
of cases, customers get their money back.
2 in an election
• ADJ.
handsome, huge, large, massive, overwhelm-
ing, substantial
I
clear, comfortable, decisive
I

command, have
I
achieve, gain,
get, secure, win
Theyfailed to win the requisite two-thirds
majority.
I
defend, maintain, retain
I
lose
I
overturn
I
indicate, show
• MAJORITY
+
NOUN
government, rule
I
party
I
deci-
sion
I
vote, voting
I
support
• PREP.
by a-
They won by a huge majority.

touch up
I
smudge
• MAKE-UP
+
NOUN
artist, girl
I
remover
2 sb's character
• ADJ.
genetic, physical, psychological
• PHRASES
part of sb's make-up
Jealousy is not part of
his make-up.
malaria
noun
• ADJ.
acute, severe
• VERB
+
MALARIA
have, suffer from
I
catch, con-
tract
I
carry, transmit
Malaria is transmitted by mosqui-

dominant
the
dominant male in the herd
I
large, powerful, strong
• MALE
+
NOUN
hormone
I
sexuality
I
chauvinism,
chauvinist
I
identity, role
• PHRASES
the male of the species
The male of the spe-
cieshas more brightly-colouredfeathers than thefemale,
male
adj.
• VERBS
be
• ADV.
entirely, exclusively
The club is an exclusively
male preserve.
I
largely, mainly, mostly, overwhelming-

out of -
She sacked him out of sheer malice.
with/without -
'You're lying,' he said, without malice.
I
- towards
I bear no malice towards anybody.
malicious
adj.
• VERBS be
• ADY. faintly, rather
Hegaue afaintly malicious smile at
herfurious expression.
malnutrition
noun
• ADJ.
severe
I
chronic
I
child
• VERB
+
MALNUTRITION
suffer (from)
I
die from/of
mammal
noun
• ADJ.

• PREP.
among -s
deaths among marine mammals
man
noun
1male person
• ADJ.
elderly, middle-aged, old, older, young
a little
old man
I
attractive, good-looking, handsome
I
ugly
I
short, tall
I
fat, thin
I
big, burly
I
little
a nice little man
I
black, white
I
dark, dark-hatred, fair, fair-haired
I
bearded
I

poor, rich
I
betting, gambling
I'ue never been a gambling man.
I
self-made
I
right-
hand
He found success hard to come by after losing his
right-hand man.
I
innocent
I
free
He walked out of court
afree man.
I
condemned
2 human beings
• ADJ.
early, prehistoric, primitive
I
Stone Age, etc.
I
Neanderthal, etc.
• PREP. in -
In man the brain is highly developed.
• PHRASES
known to man

be
difficult to
I
be easy to
• PREP.
on
I don't know how they manage on only £50 a
week.
without
I can manage without a dishwasher.
• PHRASES
manage on your own
2 control/direct sb/sth
• ADV.
competently, effectively, efficiently, properly,
successfully, well
I
badly
I
actively
We will actively
manage your
portfolio
to maximize the return on your in-
vestment.
I
sustainably
All our tropical timber products
comejrom sustainably managed sources.
• VERB + MANAGE

careful, competent, effective, efficient, firm,
good, sound
I
bad, inefficient, poor
I
day-to-day, rou-
tine
I
general, overall
I
business, corporate
I
person-
nel, staff
I
production
I
project, task
I
hospital, hotel,
school
I
database, network, systems
I
asset, econom-
ic, financial, investment, money, resource
I
informa-
tion
I

consultant, services
I
course, studies, training
I
plan,
policy, strategy
I
expertise, skills
I
method, philoso-
phy, practice, style, technique
• PREP.
in -
She is now celebrating ten years in manage-
ment.
under sb's -
The club prospered under Ferguson's
management.
• PHRASES
a board of management, under new man-
agement
The restaurant is under new management.
2 managers
• ADJ.
junior, middle, senior, top
• VERB + MANAGEMENT
criticize
The unions have
criticized management over their handling of the dispute.
• MANAGEMENT + NOUN

countable, responsible
Each programme is discussed
with the responsible manager.
<>
A product manager is re·
sponsible for product profitability.
I
bank, business,
commercial, corporate
I
area, branch, departmental,
divisional, office, regional
I
functional, operations,
personnel, product
I
advertising, catering, develop-
478
ment, fund, marketing, production, project, sales, tech-
nical
I
successful
I
sympathetic
It helps to have a sym-
pathetic manager.
• VERB
+
MANAGER
promote sb to

I
legal
I
presidential
I
elector-
al
It is undemocratic togovern an area without an electoral
mandate.
• VERB
+
MANDATE
have
I
give sb, issue
I
seek
The
party sought a mandate to reform the constitution.
I
get,
obtain, receive, win
I
extend, implement
• MANDATE + VERB
run
The mandate ran until
1947.
• PREP.
in your-

MANE
have
I
shake, toss
She shook her
mane of auburn hair.
<>
The horse tossed itsflowing mane
behind it.
I
braid
She spent ages braiding her horse's
mane.
• MANE + VERB
stream
The horse's mane streamed in
the wind.
• PREP.
-of
He has a mane of white hair.
• PHRASES
a horse's/Iion's mane
manhood
noun
• ADJ.
early, young
• VERB + MANHOOD
grow to, reach
He grew from ado-
lescence to young manhood.

maniac
noun
• ADJ.
sex
I
homicidal
I
religious
• PREP.
like a-
He was driving like a maniac.
manifestation
noun
• ADJ.
concrete, physical, visible
I
obvious
I
public
thepublic manifestation of private grief
• PREP. -
in
The manifestation of the disease in adults is
lessdramatic.
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• PHRASES
in all its manifestations combating racism
in all its manifestations
manifesto
noun

+
NOUN
commitment, pledge, promise
I
proposal
• PREP.
in a/the- Thepolicy is outlined in theparty's elec-
tion manifesto. on a/the - Labour won the election on this
manifesto.
I
-for
a manifesto for reform
manipulate
verb
• ADV.
easily They believe that voters can be easily ma-
nipulated.
I
successfully
I
deftly, delicately, skilfully I
deliberately, systematically
I
genetically genetically
manipulated organisms
• VERB
+
MANIPULATE
be able to, can
I

mankind for the benefit of mankind The results of the re-
search were made freely available for the benefit of all
mankind. the history of mankind, known to mankind
one of the most toxic substances known to mankind
manner
noun
1way of doing sth/behaving
• ADJ.
conventional, customary, normal, standard,
time-honoured, traditional, usual
I
correct You are not
approaching the problem in the correct manner. I appro-
priate, satisfactory I did my best to behave in the appro-
priate manner. I prudent, reasonable, responsible,
safe, sensible Chemical waste must be disposed of in an
environmentally-responsible manner. I efficient, pro-
ductive, profitable
I
logical, methodical, orderly, ra-
tional, systematic I consistent, uniform I objective I
arbitrary, haphazard Files have been stored in such a hap-
hazard manner that they are impossible tofind. I profes-
sional
I
constructive, positive The dispute could have
been handled in a more constructive manner. I non-
Violent, peaceful
I
straightforward I suspicious He

condescending, dis-
missive
I
authoritative The authoritative manner in
which he talked concealed his ignorance.
I
bedside, tele-
phone He's agood doctor with a sympathetic bedside man-
ner.
0
She has a very pleasant telephone manner.
• VERB
+
MANNER
have
I
adopt He tends to adopt a
condescending manner when talking to young women. I
act in She accused the teacher of not acting in aprofession-
almanner.
• MANNER
+
VERB
change His manner changed ab-
ruptly when he heard how much I wanted.
I
conceal sth
Her brusque manner concealed a caring nature. I sug-
gest sth He was not as loutish as his manner suggested.
• PREP.

noun
• ADJ.
odd I irritating
• VERB
+
MANNERISM
have
I
acquire, adopt
• PREP. -
of He has this irritating mannerism of con-
stantly scratching his nose.
manoeuvre
noun
1skilful movement
• ADJ.
complex, complicated
I
difficult
I
dangerous
I
clever, skilful
• QUANT.
series
• VERB
+
MANOEUVRE
carry out, execute, perform
The pilot has to carry out a series of complex manoeuvres.

perform
• PHRASES
be/go on manoeuvres The unit is on man-
oeuvres in southern Italy.
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manoeuvre
manoeuvre
verb
• ADV.
carefully
I
easily
I
expertly, skilfully
• VERB
+
MANOEUVRE
be difficult to, be easy to
• PREP.
around, past, through, etc.
He skilfully man-
oeuvred the motor boatpast the rocks.
• PHRASES
manoeuvre (sth) into position, manoeuvre
your way
(figurative) He had manoevred his way into a
position of strength in the party.
room to manoeuvre
The
clutter of ships had little room to manoeuvre.

cut,
reduce
Manpower will be reduced by an average of 20per
cent.
I increase
• MANPOWER
+
NOUN
shortage
I
allocations, levels,
requirements, resources
• PREP.
in -
a reduction in manpower
I - for
a pool of
manpower for the new industries
• PHRASES
the availability of manpower
The factory's
opening hours over the holiday period will depend on the
availability of manpower.
a reduction in manpower, a
shortage of manpower
mansion
noun
• ADJ.
great, huge, imposing, large
I

block, flat, house
manslaughter
noun
• ADJ.
attempted I involuntary I reckless I corporate
The directors of the railway company could be charged
with corporate manslaughter.
<=:>
No.teat
CRIME
(for verbs)
manual
noun
• ADJ.
instruction, training I owner's, user I car, com-
puter, sewing, software, etc.
I
maintenance, operating,
operation, operational, reference, technical, workshop
I comprehensive, detailed
• VERB + MANUAL
come with
The computer comes with
a comprehensive owner's manual.
I check, consult, look
at, read
Checkyour manualfor details.
• PREP.
according to the -
According to the manual, the

complete
I
be engaged in
• MANUFACTURE
+'
VERB
start
• PHRASES
costs of manufacture, date of manufacture
The date of manufacture of the jewellery has not been au-
thenticated.
the method/process of manufacture
manufacturer
noun
• ADJ.
big, large, leading, major
the world's largest com-
puter manufacturer
I
well-known
I
commercial
I
inde-
pendent
I
foreign, overseas
I
car, chemical, computer,
motor, textile, etc.

I base, indus-
try, sector
the decline in the country's manufacturing base
I area, centre, district, region, town I capability, cap-
acity I output, production, productivity I costs I work-
er, workforce I employment, jobs
I
methods, process,
system, techniques I expertise
manure
noun
• ADJ.
animal, chicken, cow, horse, pig I farmyard,
garden
I
green
A green manure is a cropgrown mainly to
improve soil
fertility.
I
organic I well-rotted
I
liquid
• VERB
+
MANURE
apply, spread
the best time to
spread manure on the fields
I

publication.
• PREP.
in -
Her autobiography remained in manuscript
(=
was not published).
2very old book/document, written by hand
• ADJ. ancient, early, medieval
I
contemporary
One
contemporary manuscript shows Henry II crowned by the
hand of Christ.
I rare
I
surviving
the surviving manu-
script of''Beouiulf
I
illuminated
• MANUSCRIPT
+
VERB survive
earlier manuscripts
which no longer survive
map
noun
• ADJ. large-scale
I
small-scale

read
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I
check, consult, look at
I
draw
I
be marked on
The mu-
seum is clearly marked on the map.
I
spread out, unfold
Wespread the map outon thejloor.
I
fold (up)
• MAP
+
VERB show sth
• MAP
+
NOUN projection
• PREP. off the-
Our village isjust off the map.
on a/the-
The lane isn't on the map.
I
-ofa map of the area
marathon
noun

match,
race
a marathonfiue-set tennis match
marble
noun
• ADJ. cool
The hotelis
traditionallyfurnished,
with cool
marblejloors.
I
coloured
I
veined
I
polished
I
carved
• QUANT. block, slab
• VERB
+
MARBLE carve (sth from/in), make sth
from/in/( out) of
a statue of Cupid carved in black marble
I
quarry
• MARBLE
+
NOUN quarry
• PREP.

(figura-
tive) the fortoard march of technology
I
inevitable, inex-
orable
(figurative) the inexorable march of time
• VERB
+
MARCH
begin,setoffonThearmysetoffona
forced march towards Berlin.
• PREP. on the-
The army has been on the march for two
weeks
I -
from
the march from Paris to Brittany -
of
a
march of over 30 miles
0
(figurative) the march of his-
tory/progress/science -
to, - towards
(figurative) the
steady march towards equality
• PHRASES line of march
Villages in the army's line of
march were burned to the ground.
a ... march away

There were in excess of 100000
people at the march.
I-
against
a march against racism
-for
a marchfor the victims of the war-from, -ofa march
of over
6
OOOpeople-to
• PHRASES a march past
There will be a special march
past of competitors.
3music
• ADJ. military
I
funeral, wedding
481
margin
• VERB
+
MARCH compose
I
play
I
strike up
The or-
chestra struck up a military march.
march
verb

toEdinburgh.
towards
• PHRASES march in step
conscripts learning to march
in step
i>
in time with each other)
2walk in a large group to protest about sth
• ADV. peacefully
• PREP. for
marching for peace
in support of
protesters
marching in support of the students' demands
on
The dem-
onstrators marched on the Italian embassy.
through
marching peacefully through the town centre
to, towards
margarine
noun
• ADJ. hard
I
soft
I
low-fat, polyunsaturated
a tub of
toto-fat margarine
I

left-hand, right-hand
• VERB
+
MARGIN leave, rule, set
I
adjust
• PREP. at the -
Start writing at the left-hand margin.
in
the -
She scribbled notes in the margin.
2space, time, votes, etc. by which sth is won
• ADJ. comfortable, considerable, greater, huge, large,
wide
I
narrow, slim, small
I
clear, safe
• VERB
+
MARGIN have
• PREP. by
a-She won byaclearmargin. l-overHehad
an 18-secondmargin over his nearest rival.
• PHRASES by the largest/narrowest, etc. of margins
He won by the narrowest of margins.
a margin of victory
3amount of extra space, time, etc.
• ADJ. good, greater, wide
Sales predictions are open to

operating, pre-tax, retail
• VERB
+
MARGIN achieve, have
These manufacturers
have high gross margins.
I
operate at/on, work to
I
im-
prove, increase
Higher productivity has enabled them to
increase their profit margins.
I
cut, erode, reduce,
squeeze
Price rises have erodedprofit margins.
• MARGIN
+
VERB widen
I
narrow
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marijuana
• PREP. at a -
They are operating at very low margins.
I
- on
They hope to improve their margins on computers.
c;>

shirt?
I
leave, make
The dirty water left a mark round the
side of the bath.
I
get off/out, remove
I can't get the chil-
dren's dirty fingermarks off the wall.
• MARK
+
VERB come off/out
These greasy marks just
won't come out.
• PREP. - on
There weregrubby marks on the wall.
2sign of a quality/feeling
• ADJ. deep, indelible, permanent
The experience left a
deep mark on her memory.
I
real
the real mark of a master
craftsman
• VERB
+
MARK bear, have
I
leave
• PREP. - of

I
lose
• PREP. above ... -so below ... -s
If you get below 40
marks, you're not allowed to go up into the next class.
I
- for
You get two marks for each correct answer.
0
a good
mark for geography -
out of
How many marks out of ten
would you give it?
4 level of sth
• ADJ. halfway
We've reached the halfway mark in the
show. I
high-water, low-water, tide
• VERB
+
MARK set
I
reach
I
pass
This year's sales
figures have already passed the mark set last year.
I
fall

go.
I
indelibly
• PREP..as
Certain words were marked as important.
for
Some of the crates were marked for export.
in
Mark thepos-
ition of all the building sites in black.
on
All buildings are
marked on the map.
with
The boundary was marked with
a dotted line.
2spoil/damage sth
• ADV badly, deeply
The paperweight had fallen onto
482
the desk, badly marking the surface.
0
(figurative) The
town is still deeply marked by the folk memory of the
Depression.
3 be a sign of sth
• ADV. effectively
I
conveniently
'Lyrical Ballads' con-

attractively, beautifully, brightly, strikingly
• PREP. with
These trout are beautifully marked with
bright red spots.
market
noun
1place where people go to buy and sell things
• ADJ. open-air, outdoor, street
I
covered, indoor
I
antiques, cattle, fruit and vegetable, etc.
I
flea (= that
sells old or used goodsatlow prices)
• VERB + MARKET hold
The market is held on Wednes-
days.
I
go to
I
take sth to
They took thepigs to market.
• MARKET
+
NOUN square
I
town
I
day

I
common
I
economic
I
free
I
open
I
black (= illegal)
I
bond, capital, commodity, consumer, currency, export,
financial, foreign exchange, futures, housing, money,
product, property, securities, stock
I
car, computer,
etc.
I
job, labour
• VERB
+
MARKET put sth on
I
come on/onto
A new
model has come on the market.
I
develop
I
break into,

15
per cent.
I
close
The market closed weaker.
I
open
• MARKET
+
NOUN price, value
I
conditions
I
leader
I
position, share
I
sector
I
trends
• PREP. in/into
a/the-changes in the UKmarketon
the-
one of the best car deals on the market
I-
in
a thriving
market in second-hand cars
• PHRASES be in the market for sth (= be interested in
buying sth), the bottom's dropped/fallen out of the mar-

Wewill charge whatever the market will bear
(=
asmuch aspeople can bepersuaded to pay).
• MARKET
+
NOUN segment
I
niche
I
research
• PREP. -for
the market for new cars
4the free market
• VERB
+
MARKET leave sth to
Some services cannot be
left to the market.
• MARKET + NOUN forces
I
economy
market
verb
• ADV. heavily
I
effectively, successfully
I
cleverly
I
aggressively

I
poor
I
aggressive
I
direct
I
global, international, worldwide
I
niche
• VERB + MARKETING do
The company has done some
effective marketing of the new model.
I
improve
• MARKETING
+
NOUN campaign, exercise, strategy
I
ploy, tool
I
director, manager
I
agency, company,
department
• PREP. in -
She works in marketing.
through/with -
We
could get more sales through better marketing.

noun
c)
Note
atpEER
marriage
noun
1 state of being husband and wife
• ADJ. good, happy, successful
I
broken, disastrous,
failed, unhappy
She was the child of a broken marriage.
I
first, second, etc.
I
previous
I
early
I
late
I
conven-
tional
I
modern
I
open
I
morganatic
I

I
plans, proposal
I
part-
ner
I
relationship
I
break-up, breakdown, problems
I
counselling, guidance
I
counsellor
I
certificate, con-
tract
I
market
Daughters were expected tojoin their well-
bredfriends on the marriage market.
I
bed
• PREP. by/from a -
She's his daughter by a previous
483
martyr
marriage.
by -
They are related by marriage.
in a/the-

ranged quickly because the bride is pregnant)
• VERB + MARRIAGE
celebrate
The marriage was cele-
brated in the cathedral.
• MARRIAGE
+
VERB be held, take place
• MARRIAGE
+
NOUN ceremony
I
licence
• PREP. at a/the -
She wanted to be present at the mar-
riage of her grandson.
I -
to
Mr and Mrs Wall invite you
to the marriage of their daughter Ann to Mr Thomas Lea.
married
adj.
• VERBS be, feel
I wouldn't have felt properly married if
it hadn't been a church wedding.
I
get
When did you get
married?
I

be going to, plan to
Matt
told me he was going to marry again.
0
They plan to marry
next year.
I
forbid sb to
Duty forbade them to marry.
I
ask sb to
He asked me to marry him but I said no.
• PREP. for
He married her for love, not for money.
into
the difficulties of marrying into the royalfamily
• PHRASES get married
They are hoping to get married
next year.
marry late/young
People are marrying later
these days.
not be the marrying kind
(=
not be the kind of
person who wants to get married)
marsh
noun
• ADJ. coastal, salt
I

• PREP.
-toamartyrtothecause
• PHRASES a martyr's death
2 sb who tries to gain sympathy
• VERB
+
MARTYR play
Stop playing the martyr.
• PHRASES make a martyr of yourself
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marvel
marvel
verb
~ VERB
+
MARVEL
can/could only
One can only marvel
at the way the building has been constructed.
I
never
cease to
I never cease to marvel at his stupidity.
• PREP.
at
He marvelled at how easy
it
was to make
money.
marvellous

remove
I
smudge
Her tears had smudged her mascara.
• MASCARA
+
VERB
run, smudge
• MASCARA
+
NOUN brush, wand
masculine
adj.
• VERBS
be
• ADV.
distinctly, extremely, heavily, severely, uncom-
promisingly, unmistakably, very
an environment which
isheavily masculine
0
the severely masculine cut of his suit
I
exclusively
The ceremony
is
exclusively masculine.
I
overwhelmingly, predominantly
I

have on, wear
I
put on
I
pull off, re-
move, strip off, take off, tear off
In the second part of the
play, the actors take off their masks.
• MASK
+
VERB
cover sth
• PREP.
behind/beneath a/the -
Two eyes glared at him
from beneath the mask.
in a/the -
two men in black masks
I -
over
She wore a mask over herface.
2sth that hides sb's real feelings
• ADJ.
blank, cold, expressionless, grim, rigid
Herface
was a blank mask as she answered my question.
• MASK
+
VERB
slip

with
She masked her anger with a smile.
masochism
noun
• ADJ.
pure, sheer
• QUANT. streak, touch
There's a streak of masochism in
his personality.
• PHRASES
a form of masochism
mass
noun
1large amount/number of sth
• ADJ.
enormous, great, huge, large, vast
I
broad
Their policies appeal to the broad mass of the population.
I
formless, shapeless
When I washed the jumper, it just
turned into a shapeless mass.
I
compact, dense, solid
I
484
chaotic
a chaotic mass of ideas
I

an appalling massacre of women and children
• VERB
+
MASSACRE
be responsible for, carry out,
perpetrate, take part in
The massacre was carried out by
enemy troops.
0
As many asfifty men took part in the mas-
sacre.
I
be killed in
I
escape, survive
• MASSACRE
+
VERB
take place
• PREP. - by
a massacre by rebel soldiers
• PHRASES
the victims of a massacre
massage
noun
• ADJ.
gentle, relaxing, soothing
I
vigorous
I

0
Massage it
lightly with your fingertips.
master
noun
1person in charge
• ADJ.
political
His political masters are all old right-
wing politicians.
• PREP.
-of
He wants to bemaster of
his
own destiny.
2 person with skill
• ADJ.
acknowledged, great
This portrait is the work of
an acknowledged master.
• MASTER
+
NOUN builder, craftsman
• PREP.
-of
a master of disguise
• PHRASES
be a past master at/in/of sth
(=
to be very

I
struggle to, try to
the
challenge of trying to master a new language
I
fail to
• PHRASES
master the art of sth
He never completely
mastered the art of lip-reading,
masterpiece
noun
• ADJ.
great
It's one of the greatest masterpieces of West-
ern art,
I
minor
I
architectural, literary, musical
• VERB
+
MASTERPIECE
create, produce
I
be con-
sidered, be hailed as, be recognized as
Within a week of
publication, the novel was hailed as a masterpiece.
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acquire, attain, gain
• PREP. -
of
He acquired mastery of four languages.
-over
The king had absolute mastery over the country.
mat
noun
• ADJ. dense,thickathickmatofhair
• PREP.
-of
the dense mat of roots at the bottom of the tree
match
noun
1 in sports
• ADJ.
big, crucial, important I exciting, thrilling I
championship, competitive, cup, league
I
friendly
I
away, home
He's such a keen fan, he even goes to all the
away matches.
I cricket, football, rugby, wrestling, etc.
• VERB + MATCH
play
The match will be played in the
new stadium.
I have

• QUANT.
box
• VERB
+
MATCH
light, strike
He lit a match
so
they
could see in the cave.
I
blowout
• PHRASES
put a match to sth
Someone had put a match
to thepile ofpapers.
3 good combination
• ADJ.
excellent, good, perfect
The blouse and skirt are
aperfect match.
• PREP. -
between
an excellent match between our goals
and what your company offers
-for
That jumper should be
agood match for your trousers.
4 sth the same
• ADJ.

I
to
The aim of the competition is
to match the quote to theperson who said it.
3 be/make sth equal/better
• ADV.
almost
She found that his determination almost
485
mathematics
matched her own.
I not quite
Nothing quite matches the
fine, subtleflavour of this cheese.
• VERB + MATCH
come close to I be able/unable to
The company was unable to match his current salary.
I
try to
I
fail to
Children can be made to suffer when they
fail to match their parents' expectations.
• PREP.
for
No other rock band comes even closeto match-
ing them for dynamism or style.
• PHRASES
be equally/evenly/well matched
The teams

colourful feathers to attract a mate.
material
noun
1 substance
• ADJ.
combustible, flammable, hazardous, inflam-
mable, radioactive, toxic
I
recyclable
I
man-made
2 things for making sth
• ADJ.
raw
Higher raw material costs have pushed up the
price of many manufactured goods.
I
industrial I build-
ing
a storeroomfull of building materials
I
drawing, writ-
ing
Prisoners were not allowed writing materials.
3 cloth
• ADJ.
thick, thin
I
coarse, fine
I

This new biography contains a wealth
ofpreviously unpublished material.
I
produce, publish
• PREP. -
for
useful material for a documentary -
on
ori-
ginal material on the First World War
materialize
verb
• ADV.
never
The hoped-for boom never materialized.
• VERB + MATERIALIZE
fail to
The rise in share prices
jailed to materialize.
mathematician
noun
• ADJ.
brilliant I distinguished, great
one of the greatest
mathematicians of all time
I
applied, pure
mathematics
noun
• ADJ.

matter
noun
1subject/situation that must be dealt with
• ADJ.
important, pressing, serious, urgent, weighty
He left, saying he had pressing matters to attend to.
0
The
question of his innocence is a weighty matter for this court.
I
awkward, complex, complicated, delicate, difficult
I
wasn't sure how to approach the delicate matter of pay.
I
no easy, (no) simple
It is then a simple matter toprint off
the data you have collected.
0
It is no simple matter start-
ing a new business.
I
trifling, trivial
I
practical
They've
agreed in theory, but now we need to discuss practical mat-
ters.
I
family, personal
I

I
drop
His lawyer advised him to
drop the matter.
I
consider, examine, look at/into, tackle
I
clarify, clear up, decide, resolve, settle
It's a relief to
have the matter settled.
I
approach, deal with, treat
Police are treating the matter as a murder enquiry.
• PREP.
in a/the -
I don't have much experience in these
matters.
0
Do I have any choice in the matter?
on a/the-
Speak to your manager if you need help on this matter.
I
- for
The incident is definitely a matter for the police. -
of
It's a matter of concern toall of us.
0
Wediscussed the mat-
ter of whether or not to hire a bus.
0

organic matter
I
inanimate, inorganic
I
printed, written
matter
verb
• ADV.
a great deal, a lot, really
These things matter a lot
to young children.
I
hardly, little
tformals,
not much,
scarcely
She could find a job. It hardly mattered what.
I
no longer, not any more
• VERB + MATTER
not seem to
Somehow it didn't seem
to matter much any more.
• PREP.
about
It doesn't matter about the mess.
to
It
didn't matter to her that he was blind.
mattress

slow-
ly
I
emotionally, physically
The teenage years cover a
period in which people mature physically and emotionally.
• VERB
+
MATURE
allow sth to, leave sth to
The cheese
issmoked and then left to mature.
• PREP.
into
She had matured into a beautiful young
woman.
to
ayoung man who is maturing toadulthood
mature
adj.
• VERBS
be
I
become
• ADV, fUlly
I
emotionally, physically, sexually
maturity
noun
1adult behaviour

+
MATURITY
approach, come to, grow to,
reach
The insects lay eggs when they approach maturity.
maul
verb
• ADV.
badly, severely
She was badly mauled by a lion.
maxim
noun
• ADJ.
general, simple
• VERB
+
MAXIM
apply, follow
If you follow a feui sim-
ple maxims, your business should be a success.
maximum
noun
• ADJ.
absolute
I
agreed, recommended
Do not exceed
the recommended maximum of three tablets a day.
I
legal,

You can claim
the allouiancefor a maximum of six months.
• PHRASES
maximum possible
They fined her the max-
imum possiblefor the offence.
May
noun
qNoteatMONTH
mayor
noun
• ADJ.
local
I
deputy
I
lord
In
1662-3
he served as Lord
Mayor of London.
I
right-Wing, socialist, etc.
• VERB
+
MAYOR
run tor runningfor mavor
cf
Bouota
I

I
square,
substantial She hadn't had a square meal for days. I
light, simple The bar serves light meals. I meagre a
meagre meal of bread and cheese
I
four-course, three-
course, etc.
I
appetizing, decent, delicious, excellent,
lovely, tasty Thanks for a delicious meal.
I
balanced,
healthy, nourishing, wholesome I main When do you
have your main meal of the day?
I
evening, midday
I
hot
Hot meals are not available after 100'clock. I vegetarian
co;>
Special page at FOOD
eat, have, take tformalv-
Have you had breakfast?
grab, snatch-
I'm so busy I have to snatch meals when I can.
asksbto-
have/invite/take sb for/to-
come/go for/to-
He wouldn't have asked her to supper if he didn't like

keep warm, warm up-
F II
be home late, so keep my dinner warm.
provide, provide sb (with)-
Dinner isprovided in the superb hotel restaurant.
- be available
Afour course dinner is available byprior arrange-
ment.
-be ready
'Breakfast's ready!' shouted Christine.
-time
Thefamily was always noisy at meal times.
at/during/over-
Nobody spoke during supper.
for-
What did you hauefor lunch?
-of
a breakfast ofpancakes and maple syrup
mean adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, seem I become
• ADV.
really, very !thought it was really mean of him not
487
means
to let her use the car.
I
a bit, pretty, rather, slightly That
was apretty mean trick.
0

grasp the meaning of this quotation.
I
decipher, inter-
pret, work out Historians are trying to decipher the mean-
ing of the documents. I assign, attribute She assigns a
meaning to his words they just didn't have.
I
bear, carry,
have Some of the symbols carry meaning and some just
represent sounds.
0
a word that has more than one mean-
ing I take on The word 'gay' took on its modern meaning
in the 1960s.
I
communicate, convey, express
• PREP.
in a/the - ambiguity in the meaning of a phrase
with a/the- I am using the word with its original meaning.
I -behind the meaning behind an event
• PHRASES
a nuance/shade of meaning It isdifficult for
a non-Italion tograsp all the nuances of meaning.
2 purpose/importance
• ADJ.
deep, real, true She's searching for the deeper
meaning of life.
I
spiritual He found spiritual meaning
through religion.

ap-
parently, seemingly apparently meaningless jargon.
means noun
1method of doing sth
• ADJ.
appropriate, best, effective, efficient, reliable,
useful an effective means of mass communication
I
ne-
cessary, possible, practicable Wewill use every possible
means to achieve our objective. I alternative, other War is
famously 'the continuation of policy by other means'.
I
conventional, traditional
I
legal, legitimate
• VERB
+
MEANS
have We have no means of knowing
how they will react.
I
use
I
offer
(sb),
provide
(sb
with)
My English teacher provided me with the means to enjoy

NOUN
test
Eligibility for the benefit was de-
termined by a means test.
• PREP.
according to your -
(=
according to what you
can afford), beyond your-
Private schoolfees are beyond
the means of most people
(=
more than they can afford).
within your-
(=
according to what you can afford)
She
finds it difficult to live within her means.
• PHRASES
a man/woman of means
(=
a rich
man/woman)
measles noun
• VERB
+
MEASLES
have
All our children have had the
measles.

defensive, precautionary, pre-
ventative I disciplinary, punitive I corrective, remedial I
safety, secu rity
New security measures were implemented
to prevent further violence.
I
austerity, cost-cutting,
economy, efficiency
I
economic, policy I government
• Q.UANT.
package, range, series
a package of measures
aimed at cutting pollution
• VERB
+
MEASURE
adopt, implement, impose, intro-
duce, take
Special measures are being taken toprotect the
local water supplies.
I
propose, suggest
• MEASURE
+
VERB
be aimed at sth, be designed to,
be intended to
• PREP. -
against

gentry.
measure verb
1find the size of sth
• ADV.
accurately, exactly, precisely
I
carefully
I
dir-
ectly
Any type of data that could not be directly measured
was rejected.
I
easily
I
experimentally
I
up
We need to
measure the room upfor a new carpet.
• VERB
+
MEASURE
be able to, can/cannot
You can
now measure its length more accurately.
I
be easy to, be
possible to I be difficultto, be hard to, be impossible to
• PREP.

15
metres square.
-broad, deep, high, long, tall, thick, wide
The new dock was 230 m long and 92 m broad.
-bigger, cooler, faster, heavier, lighter, slower, etc.
The climate was several degrees warmer than it
is
now.
about, approximately, around-
Lfoot
=
approx. o.smetres
be, cover, measure, span, stretch (for)-used with
measures of distance and area
The National Park covers
3
000acres.
The sandy beach stretchesfor overfour miles.
be, weigh-used with measures
of
weight
She weighed over ten stone.
be, last, take-used with measures of time
It takes approximately 365 and a quarter days for the
earth to revolve around the sun.
in a-
How many centilitres are there in
a
litre?
in-s

the criteria that are used to measure performance
• PREP.
according to
Is it really possible to measure the
skills of such jobs according to objective standards?
against
The school's performance
is
measured against a
strict set of criteria.
by
The policy's effectiveness cannot be
measured by numbers alone.
in terms of
Success cannot be
measured merely in terms of the size ofyour salary.
• PHRASES
a method/way of measuring sth
measurement noun
• ADJ. accurate, careful, exact, objective, precise
It
is
important to take precise measurements of the structure.
0
Objective measurement
is
difficult with such poor equip-
ment.
I laboratory, scientific I imperial, metric I length,
pressure, temperature, etc.

fatty
I
dark, red, white
I
raw, uncooked
I
rare, undercooked
I
cooked, cured, processed, roast,
salted, smoked
I
cold
a plate of cold meats
I
frozen
I
minced
I
luncheon, potted, tinned
I
sausage
I
organ-
ic
I
halal, kosher
I
crab, horse, etc.
• QUANT. bit, chunk, lump, piece, slab, slice
I

+
VERB
be/gooff,rotThemeathasgoneoff
• MEAT
+
NOUN dish, pie, products
recipes for simple
meat dishes
I
market
I
cleaver
I
eater
I'm
not a great
meat eater.
I
content
Thesepies have a low meat content.
I
production
I
consumption
Britain's meat.consumption
q
Special page at FOOD
mechanic
noun
• ADJ. competent, good. skilled

• ADJ. effective, precise
an effective mechanism for en-
forcing the rules
I
underlying
I
complex
I
social
• VERB
+
MECHANISM provide
The system provides a
mechanism whereby information is channelled into the
market.
• MECHANISM
+
VERB operate, work
I
allow sth, en-
sure sth
• PREP. by/through the - of
The government is held ac-
countable through the mechanism of regular general elec-
tions.
I
-for
a mechanism for dealing with complaints
3 system of parts/behaviour that performs a function
• ADJ. avoidance, control, defence, escape, survival

medal hopefor Britain.
o
Her medal hopes weredashed by
injury.
• PREP. -for
a medalfor bravery
489
medicine
media
noun
• ADJ. audio-visual, broadcast, broadcasting, elec-
tronic, mass, news, print, visual
The event was widely
covered by the mass media.
I
foreign, international, local,
national
I
mainstream, official, popular
• MEDIA
+
VERB report sth
The local media reported
rioting across the country.
• MEDIA
+
NOUN attention, coverage, interest, publi-
city, reporting
There was a lot of media coverage of the
wedding.

outlet
I
awareness, studies
• PREP. through/via the -
propaganda through the
media
• PHRASES access to the media, the role of the media
mediation
noun
• ADJ. French, international, UN, etc.
• VERB
+
MEDIATION accept
Unless management ac-
cepts mediation, the strike will never be resolved.
• MEDIATION
+
NOUN efforts, process
• PREP. through sb's -
The conflict ended through the
mediation of the United Nations.
under sb's -
under inter-
national mediation
I -
between, - by
mediation by the
prime minister between the two sides
medical
noun

• PREP. - for
He is on regular medicationfor hisfits.
medicine
noun
1
science of treating/preventing illness
• ADJ. modern
advances in modern medicine I
trad-
itional
qualified in traditional Chinese medicine
I
folk
Garlic was widely used in folk medicine.
I
conventional,
orthodox
I
alternative, complementary, holistic,
homeopathic
I
preventative, preventive
I
academic,
clinical, forensic, scientific
I
general
She gave up gen-
eral medicine to specialize in geriatric medicine.
I

prescription
• QUANT. dose
• VERB
+
MEDICINE take
I
swallow
I
prescribe (sb)
I
administer, give sb
I
treat sb with
• MEDICINE
+
NOUN bottle, chest
• PREP.
-formedicineforachestinfection
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MEETINGS
before the meeting
• call/convene
the meeting, or
invite
people
to
attend
the meeting
• draw up an agenda
• circulate

It may be necessary to:
• add an item
to the
agenda
• remove
sth
from / take
sth
off / leave
sth
off
the
agenda
debating at length
490
making a point
In a meeting you can:
address issues / matters / problems
consider
deal with
debate
discuss
look at/into
tackle
Ifyou don't spend much time on an issue, you
touch on
the
issue.
Ifyou pay a lot of attention to an issue you:
consider