CliffsTestPrep
™
TOEFL
®
CBT
by
Michael A. Pyle
IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
An International Data Group Company
Foster City, CA
■
Chicago, IL
■
Indianapolis, IN
■
New York, NY
For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc at www.tailieuduhoc.org
CliffsTestPrep
™
TOEFL
®
CBT
Published by
IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
An International Data Group Company
919 E. Hillsdale Blvd. Suite 400
Foster City, CA 94404
www.idgbooks.com
(IDG Books Worldwide Web Site)
www.cliffsnotes.com

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About the Author
Michael A. Pyle earned a bachelor’s degree in English in 1977 and
a master’s degree in Linguistics in 1979. He has been involved in
the field of English as a Second Language since he began work on
his master’s degree in 1977. The original TOEFL test preparation
book that he co-authored was created while Mike was teaching at

Writing a book requires a considerable amount of research and work, and once it is
completed, it is natural to feel a great relief. I only hope that you find it as helpful
as students have found the two earlier texts I wrote. I very much appreciate the
feedback I have received from students and teachers over the years on the original
texts. I am grateful to Joyce Pepple and Greg Tubach for asking me to write an-
other Cliffs book. I am particularly thankful to Joan Friedman for all the work that
she and her staff did in the actual production, revision, and completion of the text
itself.
My father-in-law, Dr. Manuel Lopez Figueras, of Merida, Venezuela, again helped
me write a new passage about his specialty, lichens. My friend Dr. Arnold Vera, a
physician specializing in endocrinology in Ormond Beach, Florida, assisted me
greatly in writing the passage about diabetes. I also wish to thank Alejandro Muñoz
and his family for taking us all over Mexico, including on a tour of the Don Julio
Tequila processing plant in Atotonilco-Jalisco.
Nowadays, I am a lawyer with a busy law office. I very much appreciate those
members of my staff who were sometimes affected by my work on the book, espe-
cially when they had to handle the legal work for clients because I was locked in
my room trying to meet a deadline. Those employees are Trisha Dellinger, Stacey
Rahm, Michelle Hall, Tracy Stafford, Kathy Strawn, and Sheila Semanisin. Sheila
regularly had to fax and overnight documents. Tracy even stepped in to draw fig-
ures for me on short notice. And Steve Rahm has done a magnificent job creating
our toeflcourse.com Web site.
I appreciate Verna Londoño and the administrators of Daytona Beach Community
College and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University for inviting me to speak to their
students from time to time so that I could gauge the quality of what I had written.
I also appreciate how open and cooperative Gena Netten and others in the TOEFL
office have been with me and other TOEFL authors. Without information from
them, we would all be guessing about what to present to the readers.
As always, I am grateful to my wife, Maria, and children, Michelle and Michael,
Jr., for putting up with my working so many hours as well as providing ideas for