For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc
at www.tailieuduhoc.org
* You use general determiners to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are.

1 When you use a determiner, you put it at the beginning of a noun group, in front of numbers or adjectives.
I met the two Swedish girls in London.
Our main bedroom is through there.
Have you got another red card?
Several young boys were waiting.

2 When the people or things that you are talking about have already been mentioned, or the people you are
talking to know exactly which ones you mean, you use a specific determiner.
The man began to run towards the boy.
Young people don't like these operas.
Her face was very red.

The specific determiners are: the definite article:the
demonstratives:this that these those
possessives:my your his her its our their Note that `your' is used both for the singular and plural possessive.
See Unit 19 for `this', `that', `these', and `those' as pronouns.
at www.tailieuduhoc.org There were few doctors available.
He spoke many different languages.
Several projects were postponed.

* uncount nouns

all, any, enough, less, little, more, most, much, no, some

There was little applause.
We need more information
He did not speak much English.

WARNING: The following general determiners can never be used with uncount nouns. a, an, another, both, each, either, every, few, many, neither, several 5 Most of the determiners are also pronouns, except `the', `a', `an', `every', `no' and the possessives.
I saw several in the woods last night.
Have you got any that I could borrow?
There is enough for all of us.

You use `one' as a pronoun instead of `a' or `an', `none' instead of `no', and `each' instead of `every'.
Have you got one?
There are none left.
Each has a separate box and number.

at www.tailieuduhoc.org
3 You use `the' with a noun and a qualifier, such as a prepositional phrase or a relative clause, when you are
specifying which person or thing you are talking about.
I've no idea about the geography of Scotland.
The book that I recommended now costs over three pounds.

4 You use `the' with a noun when you are referring to something of which there is only one in the world.
They all sat in the sun.
We have landed men on the moon.
The sky was a brilliant blue.

You also use `the' when you are referring to something of which there is only one in a particular place.
Mrs Robertson heard that the church had been bombed.
He decided to put some words on the blackboard.

5 You can use `the' with a singular count noun when you want to make a general statement about all things of
that type. For example, if you say `The whale is the largest mammal in the world', you mean all whales, not one particular whale.
The computer allows us to deal with a lot of data very quickly.
My father's favourite flower is the rose.

6 You can use `the' with a singular count noun when you are referring to a system or service. For example, you
can use `the phone' to refer to a telephone system and `the bus' to refer to a bus service.
I don't like using the phone.
How long does it take on the train?

7 You can use `the' with the name of a musical instrument when you are talking about someone's ability to play
the instrument.

at www.tailieuduhoc.org Note that you do not use `the' with countries that have singular nouns as their names, such as `China', `Italy', or `Turkey'.

You use `the' with names of mountain ranges and groups of islands.
...the Alps... ...the Himalayas.
...the Bahamas... ...the Canaries.

Note that you do not use `the' with the names of individual mountains such as `Everest' or `Etna', or the names of
individual islands such as `Sicily', `Minorca', or `Bali'.

You use `the' with regions of the world, or regions of a country that include `north', `south', `east', or `west'.
...the Middle East... ...the Far East.
...the north of England... ...the west of Ireland.

Note that there are some exceptions.
...North America... ...South-East Asia.

You do not use `the' with `northern', `southern', `eastern', or `western' and a singular name.
...northern England... ...western Africa.

You use `the' with the names of areas of water such as seas, oceans, rivers, canals, gulfs, and straits.
...the Mediterranean Sea... ...the Atlantic Ocean.
...the river Ganges... ...the Panama Canal.
...the Gulf of Mexico... ...the straits of Gibraltar.

Note that you do not use `the' with lakes.
...Lake Geneva... ...Lake Superior.


For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc
at www.tailieuduhoc.org Main points

* You only use `a' or `an' with singular count nouns.

* You use `a' or `an' to talk about a person or thing for the first time.

1 You only use `a' or `an' with singular count nouns. `A' and `an' are called the indefinite article.
I got a postcard from Susan.
He was eating an apple.

Remember that you use `a' in front of a word that begins with a consonant sound even if the first letter is a vowel, for
example `a piece, a university, a European language'. You use `an' in front of a word that begins with a vowel sound even if the first
letter is a consonant, for example `an exercise, an idea, an honest man'.

2 You use `a' or `an' when you are talking about a person or thing for the first time.
She picked up a book.
After weeks of looking, we eventually bought a house.
A colleague and I got some money to do research on rats.

Note that the second time you refer to the same person or thing, you use `the'.
She picked up a book... ...The book was lying on the table.
After weeks of looking, we bought a house... ...The house was in a village.

3 After the verb `be' or another link verb, you can use `a' or `an' with an adjective and a noun to give more
information about someone or something.
His brother was a sensitive child.

For more material and information, please visit Tai Lieu Du Hoc
at www.tailieuduhoc.org I have some friends coming for dinner.
He has bought some plants for the house.
I have some important things to tell them.

Unit 27 All, most, no, none
Main points

* You use `all' with plural count nouns and uncount nouns. You use `all' to talk about every person or thing in
the world, or in the group you are talking about.

* You use `most' with plural count nouns and uncount nouns. You use `most' to talk about nearly all of a
number of people or things, or nearly all of a quantity of something.

* You use `no' with singular and plural count nouns and uncount nouns. You use `no' to say that something
does not exist or is not present.

1 You use `all' with plural count nouns and uncount nouns to talk about every person or thing in the world or in
the group that you are talking about.
All children should complete the primary course.
All important decisions were taken by the government.
He soon lost all hope of becoming a rock star.
All luggage will be searched.

2 You use `most' with plural count nouns and uncount nouns to talk about nearly all of a number of people or
things, or nearly all of a quantity of something.
The method was suitable for most purposes.

None of us are the same.