TOEFL Prep I
Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning
to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the let-
ter in the blank.
1. cynically (a) respectfully
2. evade (b) corruption
3. integrity (c) cover up
4. prevalent (d) uncommon
5. unmask (e) get caught
TOEFL Prep II
Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
1.
The president resigned because a (scandal / bribery) made it impossi-
ble for him to lead.
2.
Laws that let the police monitor criminals can (erode / evade) the pri-
vacy of innocent citizens too.
3.
After Downforth Castle was bought by apartment developers, it be-
came a (prevalent / grotesque) jumble of poorly built additions.
4.
In some places, people who are pulled over for traffic offenses use
(scandal / bribery) to avoid getting a ticket.
5.
President Carazza came to office promising (reform / integrity) of the
prison system.
TOEFL Success
Read the passage to review the vocabulary you
have learned. Answer the questions that follow.
In many countries, few politicians have enough integrity to resist
corruption and bribery. Because such practices are so prevalent, officials

It could make someone very popular.
b.
It could cause a politician to become cynical.
c.
It could cost a lot of money.
d.
It could cause a government official to lose his or her position.
Lesson 29
Government Corruption
TOEFL Prep I
1.
a
2.
e
3.
b
4.
d
5.
c
TOEFL Prep II
1.
scandal
2.
erode
3.
grotesque
4.
bribery
5.

10.
villainy
Definitions and Samples
1.
abduction n.
Kidnapping
Pirates got many crew members by abduction, snatching unlucky
citizens from seaport towns.
Parts of speech
abduct
v
2.
coerce v.
To force; to put pressure on someone to do something
A criminal’s confession is not usable in court if the police coerce
him or her into giving it.
Parts of speech
coercion
n,
coercive
adj
3.
detain v.
To prevent someone, for a relatively short time, from going on
their way
The police detained at least 20 men for questioning, but charged
none of them with a crime.
Parts of speech
detention
n,

intentionally adv.
On purpose, not by accident
Danny intentionally lost his last golf ball because he was tired of
playing.
Parts of speech
intent
n,
intention
n.
intend
v,
intentional
adj
7.
piracy n.
Stealing a ship or taking the ship’s cargo; the unlawful copy-
ing of books, CDs, etc.
Modern-day piracy occurs mostly near groups of small, uninhabited
islands where pirates can hide.
The software company constantly battled piracy.
Parts of speech
pirate
n,
pirate
v
8.
predicament n.
A difficult situation, one that is hard to get out of
College basketball stars face the predicament of wanting to gradu-
ate but being tempted by high professional salaries.

3. villainy (c) let go
4. intentionally (d) normal
5. deviant (e) good deeds
TOEFL Prep II
Choose the word from the list that is closest in
meaning to the underlined part of each sentence. Write it in the
blank.
abducted coerced piracy predicament smuggled
1.
The police force’s difficult situation involved a bank rob-
ber who threatened to shoot a bank employee if any po-
lice approached.
2.
Despite laws restricting animal imports, thousands of
monkeys and lemurs and other wild animals are
brought illegall
y into the United States.
3.
The enemy captured and took away the general’s son.
4.
Two men were convicted of stealing a boat near the Riau
Islands.
5.
By threatening to set fire to their ship, the governor of
Bermuda pressured
the pirate crew to give themselves up.
148
Government and Justice
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