Mind and Body
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LESSON
Memory
Target Words
1.
acquisition
6.
indisputable
2.
anomaly
7.
intervene
3.
consciously
8.
intuitively
4.
degrade
9.
recede
5.
gap
10.
retrieve
Definitions and Samples
1.
acquisition n.
The act of taking possession of something
Our recent acquisition of over 2,000 books makes ours the biggest

degradable
adj
5.
gap n.
Opening; a big difference in amount or quality
The small gap between the walls in the old house caused cold drafts
to come in.
6.
indisputable adj.
Beyond doubt; unquestionable
The members of the jury found her guilty because they found the
facts of the case indisputable.
Parts of speech
indisputably
adv
7.
intervene v.
To come between
A good mediator intervenes only as much as necessary to settle a
dispute between other parties.
Parts of speech
intervention
n
8.
intuitively adv.
By means of a natural sense about things that are hard
to observe
Many mothers know intuitively when something is wrong with their
children.
Parts of speech

1. degrade (a) stay out of a dispute
2. anomaly (b) improve
3. recede (c) questionable
4. intervene (d) the norm
5. indisputable (e) come forward
TOEFL Prep II
Circle the word that best completes each sentence.
1.
A huge (anomaly / gap) between the wealthy and the working class
often leads to social unrest.
2.
The new computers enable us to (intervene / retrieve) information
more quickly.
3.
Although she wasn’t qualified for the job, she (indisputably /
intuitively) felt that she should apply.
4.
When he joined the military, he did not expect the officers to
(degrade / recede) him.
5.
The art in the foyer was an important (acquisition / consciousness)
for the museum.
TOEFL Success
Read the passage to review the vocabulary you
have learned. Answer the question that follows.
Like other functions of the human mind, perception and memory are
imperfect. When we tell a story about something that we witnessed, we
may intuitively believe that our recollection is accurate. However, several
factors bias our memories of events.To study this anomaly, let us look at
the three steps of memory creation: acquisition of memory, storing of

Memories are an indisputable source of fact.
e.
Time and emotion contribute to memory degradation.
f.
Past occurrences often displace current memories.
Lesson 9
Memory
TOEFL Prep I
1.
b
2.
d
3.
e
4.
a
5.
c
TOEFL Prep II
1.
gap
2.
retrieve
3.
intuitively
4.
degrade
5.
acquisition
TOEFL Success

9.
pious
5.
contemplate
10.
sacrifice
Definitions and Samples
1.
agnostic adj.
Believing that humans cannot know whether there is
a god
His devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs.
Parts of speech
agnostic
n,
agnosticism
n
2.
animism n.
The belief that natural objects, such as trees, have souls
Desert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds con-
tain spirits.
Parts of speech
animistic
adj
3.
atheist n.
One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being
He argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to
be anything but an atheist.

Parts of speech
deity
n
7.
ecclesiastical adj.
Relating to a church
He was looking specifically for a university where he could study
ecclesiastical history.
Parts of speech
ecclesiastic
n,
ecclesiastically
adv
8.
exalt v.
To praise or honor
He would often exalt the virtues of his new wife.
Parts of speech
exaltation
n
9.
pious adj.
Having or exhibiting religious reverence
Sometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens.
Parts of speech
piousness
n,
piety
n,
piously

3.
The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders” are
__________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage.
4.
She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mother
said, so she struggled to remain unbiased.
5.
The human resources department __________ whether they should let
Mary go.
TOEFL Prep II
Circle the likely meaning of the word part that is
shared within each set of words.
1.
animism, animal, animation
The root anima probably means
a.
color
b.
death
c.
many
d.
life
Spirituality
49