PASSAGE 46

MEDICAL CARE

Medical care has changed greatly since the days when the
family doctor treated all family members for every type of
medical problem. Today's physician is usually a specialist
who treats only problems with his or her specialty. Today's
specialists often work together in a large group in order to
share costs. The group will buy expensive equipment for its
own offices rather than use hospital facilities. The physician's
office usually has a laboratory where a variety of medical
tests can be done. So, unlike the family doctor, who often
visited patients at home, today's doctors normally see patients
in their office, where they can use specialized equipment.

VOCABULARY

To treat: to care for, to try to make a patient well again
Specialist: a person who has a particular skill or knows a lot

about a particular subject.

Specialty: a particular type of work a person does best
Equipment: things used for particular purpose
Facility: pieces of equipment or services provided for a

particular purpose
A variety of: a number of
Unlike: different from, contrasting
To specialize: to become a specialist
A)

family doctors charge higher fees.
B)

the latter does not treat every type of medical problems.
C). both are not specialized in a branch.
D)

physicians can't carry out tests.

E)

family doctors see the patients of their family.

2.

We can infer from the passage that the family doctor A)

does not need expensive equipment today.
B)

is rich enough, so he need not share costs.
C)



Most people would rather call than write because it takes less
time. They place a great deal of emphasis on accomplishing
things as quickly and efficiently as possible. So it is not
startling that we would place a ten minute phone call to let a
loved one know what is going on in our lives rather than
spend an hour explaining details in a three page letter. In
addition, telephoning is more convenient because there is less
work involved. When using the phone, we merely dial and
begin to talk. When writing a letter, however, we must find
stationery, write the letter, address it, get a stamp on it, mail
it, and then wait, who knows how long for reply.

VOCABULARY

r DEFINITIONS

Emphasis: Special or extra importance given to an activity

To accomplish: To succeed in doing something

Startling: Surprising and frightening

Convenient: Easy, useful or suitable

To involve: To require, to mean

Merely: Only

Stationery: Paper, envelopes, and other materials for writing

does not take much time.
C)

is not as efficient as by phoning.
D)

requires less work.
E)

always takes an hour to explain details.

2,
Writing a letter is considered to beA)

tiring
B)

convenient
C} efficient
D)

emph asizing

E)

quicker


document.

VOCABULARY

r DEFINITIONS

To prevent: To stop

Abstract: Way of thinking based on general ideas rather than

on real things and events
Distinct: Separate

Exclusively: Involving only the things mentioned, solely
Aspect: Feature

Ambiguous: Unclear or-confusing
Entity: Thing, unit, being
Constantly: Always, continuously
To (re)define: To describe, to name (again)
Reflect: Show, display.
Extreme: Very great in degree or intensity

r EXERCISE

Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words \
defined above.

1. Even if Clark had been willing to start such a grandiose
project, costs would no doubt have him.

The writer points out that the definition of literatureA)

does not cause any disagreement since it is clear.
B)

is merely the life style and way of thinking of a given society.
C)

is unclear and continually changes.
D)

is just like those of painting and music.
E)

is not only based on words.

3.

One definition of literature maintains that.,

A)

it cannot be classified a from of art.
B)

results from its abstract terminology.
C)

Urbanization: taking on the characteristics of a city

To lie with: to involve, to be caused by

To require: to need, to want

Labor force: workers

Consequently: as a result

Hence: so, therefore

^ EXERCISES

Complete the sentences with a suitable form of the words
defined above.

1. In the meeting, the age of those present from 26 to 49,
with an average age of 37.
2. Japan has, for the next decade anyway, an easy way of
expanding its even though population growth is
slowing down.
3. The villagers should be persuaded that their benefits do
not the destruction of the forest.
4. He was not well prepared for the interview , the result
was disappointing.

5. Trading stimulated , and thus a population less trapped
in v ill ages emerged.

In a primitive society family and tribe provide all the
education that the young receive, and are the only
transmitters of culture. But when language characters develop
and an alphabet and number system have reached a certain
stage, formal teaching becomes necessary and schools are
established for few important people who will become rulers
and priests to add to the education given by family and tribe.
When society becomes modern and complex, school does not
lose its supplementary character; for however wide its scope
and curriculum, it still remains true that the family is the first
educator and a life-long influence.

VOCABULARY

> DEFINITIONS

Primitive : Simple, undergone little development

Tribe : Clan, racial group

Transmitter: Conveyor

To establish : To set up

Priest: Person performing special acts of religion

To add to: To increase


A) education is not very far advanced.
B)

the family and the tribe control all aspects of life.
C)

culture is passed on by the family and the tribe.
D)

school transmit some aspects of culture.
E)

education is less important than it was.

2. According to the passage, in the early stages of society's
development formal teaching

A) is only provided for rulers and religious men.
, B) is demanded by many sectors of society.

C)

is only given in a few language schools.
D)

depends on the development of language characters,
E)

the family leave all education to the schools



To revolve: To rotate, to turn

Axis : Line round which a turning object spins

To display: To show, to demonstrate

Observer: Viewer

Unaided : Without help

Divergent : Different

Landscape : Scenery

Relief: Design, carving

Decidedly: Definitely

Rough: Uneven, bumpy

Region: Area

Surface: Face

Erroneously: Incorrectly

To refer to: To consult, to mention

Upland: High ground

always changes.
D)

sometimes changes
E)

isn't always the same.

2. On the moon there are

A)

many kinds of landscape
B)

light and dark areas
C)

very few contrasts
D)

only low plains to be observed
E)

dark areas of seas ,

3. One third of the face of the moon we can see is composed of A)

tremendous, unrelieved pain.

}
VOCABULARY

> DEFINITION^'

Tension: Stress, anxiety

To contract: To make or become tighter, narrower

Tightly: Firmly, strongly

Tremendous: Great, remarkable

Pressure: Weight, force

Dull pain: Pain not felt distinctly

Insistent: Persistent

To hammer; To hit, to pound

To estimate: To guess, to calculate approximately

To entail: To necessitate, to involve

Unrelieved: Constant, chronic

>

headaches always produce the same result
E)

headaches contract the neck, hand, and face

2. In America

A) a majority of adults has at least one headache a week
B) only women suffer migraines
C} over 20 million men suffer migraines

D) a majority of the headaches suffered are migraine headaches

E)

adults suffer more headaches

3. We understand from the passage that

A) women suffer tremendous, unrelieved pain when they have
migraines.
B) female migraine sufferers experience great pain.
C) Women have special difficulties when they have headaches.
D) Migraines are only suffered by women and cause unrelieved
pain.
E) All sufferers of migraine, usually women, can experience
great, continuous pain.