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 
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PHƯƠNG PHÁP BẢO QUẢN VÀ
CHẾ BIẾN CÁ
,!  /+!0!.1%
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MỤC LỤC
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU 2
Phần 2: CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP CHẾ BIẾN VÀ BẢO QUẢN CÁ 9
=>?
7@A(BC@DE.C!F+6!G(+HI5.CJKJLCM"5%CJ*%4CJD%4NO5:%!A%4%4A#7+H
4.7CJ3P.%!PQR%4+5DS4.A"6JDCT.%IA+7+I.C5(.%SIAS+!LCU!D7%4%!Q6!VC6!D
IA.VC7+!/50C+!LCNWD!X%C!3C%$%PYC.$"!H54A#%5#S+7+%!AU!D5!*+&Z+!D
C!L#CJD%4+7S%!LC@A+7N.[%+H;+!LCP.%!PQR%4JLCM"\&V.I].^/+U!_T+D%%4Q2.S&H
@A+7+5+.PNWDD(T45`abIAc!LCaD+D^5!Td5T%D.++.Pc+H%!.'"
CJD%45+.PNWD+!Q5NZD!K5+e5+7H4.OI5.CJKM"5%CJ*%4CJD%4M"7CJf%!^.%!CJQg%4
+e5ChNAD%ZDIA!1C!i%U.%!S+Hj%!!Qg%4C].%:%4@F+Cf(CK.S6!7%&D7%SCk%4!l6
+e5%ZDh"+XC![C!.h"SNB%ZD^mCJfCJ1SCJ0%!]4.j(^nCSUW(C!)%4(.%!!LC
bab.+D^56T%C5T%D.++.Pc+o%4+H%!.'"CJD%45+.PNWD+!Q5NZD!K5+e5+7S+H
%!.'"g4.V%4+7@Q%4d5%!b4.n66!K%4+!V%4N1%!dXIO5&B%4(E+!IA%!p.(7"
+XC.(7+!/5&i#&e+7++!LCP.%!PQR%4%!Q6JDC.PS@.6.PS4@"+.PSI.C5(.%SU!D7%4S
T%q#(TS!DJ(D%T7++!LC%A#+HCr@1CQX%4M"5%I].%!5"&j(NjD+!D^F@]%IA6!7C
CJ.[%+e5+XC![
h"NjDM"j%IA+!hN.h%+7U!)%4CVCS+7+HC![^mCJgC!A%!%4"#$%%!s%4s#
N1%!+!D%4Q2.!.+D%%4Q2.:%6!j.+7QX%C!V.SC!f+H;#h"CV4s#N1%!@AI.U!"G%S
%!Q, C56!#@D+D++"^5"JT"^Sb^+!TJ.5[email protected]@D^CJ.P."(6TJtJ.4T%^S 5(D%T@@5SIA&V.

N.h%%4"#$%@.1"C!e#^j%@AJLC+i%C!.hC&[!E%+!hIANjD&j(+!D%4"#$%
@.1"U!)%4N3N.h%&k.
2. Th#nh phần dinh dưỡng của c
2.1. Q]+
!A%!6!i%+!0%!+e5+7@A%Q]+S+!.h(U!Dj%4•8€CJ*%4@Ql%4+7
CQX.
2.2. JDCT.%
JDCT.%+7@A(BCCJD%4%!O%4%4"p%6JDCT.%+!LC@Ql%4+5DSJLC+H4.7
CJ3S+!/5CLC+j+7+5+.P5(.%+i%C!.hC!i%@]%+7+@DE.+7+!/5<••;8€
6JDCT.%JDCT.%+7JLC+i%C!.hC+!D^F6!7CCJ.[IA6!x+!p.+7+()+e5+X
C![S&p%4C!2.%H+o%4JLC@\CQg%4+!D%!O%45.("V%4.j(+s%
2.3. R
Ql+P-%4&[+L"CED+XC![IA%:%4@Ql%4!A%!6!i%+e5(R+76!x
C!"B+IAD@DE.+7IA(-5!i%@]%+7+@DE.+7&'"+H@Ql%4(RC!L6S0C!X%
<€SIfIv#+o%4+!/50C+5@DRC!Q2%4U!)%46!s%NV&'"U!}6+XC![
(ACv6CJ"%4gNx%4+7
2.4. .C5(.%
7JLC4.A"+7+@DE.I.C5(.%(A+D%%4Q2.+i%6!7CCJ.[%SP"#CJf+7+Ch
NADC!i%U.%!IAC!5(4.5IADM"7CJf%!^.%!%:%4@Ql%4+e5+XC![
.C5(.%,&Ql+Cf(C!L#%!.'"CJD%445%IA@D%4+7.C5(.%4.n6
(}C&.'"C.hC%4Q2.C5^wPx%4Pi"45%+7&[4.n6^7%4(}C.C5(.%0CN3
(LC&.U!.+!hN.h%(H%:%If%HC5%CJD%4(R%$%^mU!)%4N3!K5C5%IAD
%Q]+P-%4&[%L"+7
7+@DE.I.C5(.%C5%CJD%4CJD%4%Q]+&Ql+6!s%NVJB%4&'"!X%!3C
+7+!/5!X%%w5@Ql%4I.C5(.%+HCJD%4+7J/%4+7+o%4+!/5JLC%!.'"
I.C5(.%
2.5. !D7%4+!LC
7+^j%6!G(+7+HdQX%4('(IA+7+^j%6!G(+7&H%4!B6JLC4.A"
+5%d.IAt@"DJ.%%4:%+!y%^s"J:%44"p%+"%4+L6%!.'"VCP"#%!LC
CJD%4NO5:%+e5+D%%4Q2.@AC‚+7+&B%4IvCN.[%ƒ%+7!„%4%4A#^m

!V%4!"#hCU!V.,7+5d.CNWD(T45•`CJD%4+7&G#(E%!I.1+^j%d"LC
+!LC+!V%4UhCCxC.["+i"a6JD^C5+#+@.%`cS&p%4C!2.@A(4.j(^FCk%4!l6
+!LCC!n+&G#UhCP0%!C.["+i"a@T%UDCJ.T%Œc!2&HS%4"#+X!f%!C!A%!
+x+(7"&)%44.j(!…%
E(R(7",7+%4!.$%+/"CJ$%%4Q2.&Z+!/%4(.%!SIAb
CJD%4+7@A(4.j(&7%4U[!A(@Ql%4CJ.4@#+TJ.PCJD%4(7"S%!2&H4.j(%4"#
+X%!p.(7"+XC.(BC%4!.$%+/"CJ$%6!x%O(Z%U.%!+!DC!L#SI.1+P-%4
Nk^"%4(T45•`4.n64.j(;Š€!A(@Ql%4CJ.4@#+TJ.PCJD%4(7"
j.C!.1%+!/+%:%4%B.(): !.'"C!w%4!.1(+!DC!L#SI.1+:%+7+HC![
+j.C!.1%+!/+%:%4%B.()N„%4+7+!@A(C:%4^F4.Z%(E+!PD)d.C%.CJ.+4s#
%$%
.j(IA&jD%4Ql+M"7CJf%!CEDdXIO5:7+(T45•`+HC7+Px%4/++!h
C:%4^.%!ChNAD+XCJX%S%!2&H@A(4.j(6!7CCJ.[%dXIO5&B%4(E+!JD%4
(BC%4!.$%+/"4i%&s#S+7+%!AU!D5!*+&Z+!D;;`N1%!%!s%dXIO5&B%4
(E+!"V%4Pi"+7C!Q2%4d"#$%hCM"j@A%!O%4(j%4IO5dXPi%C!D7.!D7
5. Phân loại c
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5.1. Phân loại c theo môi trương sống
 7%Q]+%4*C
 7%Q]+(y%
 7%Q]+@l
5.2. Phân loại theo đặc tính của thịt c
9;< 7CJ}%4
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!3C+7CJ/%4PYC.$"SC!0+!!l6I].CJ~T(IA%!O%4%4Q2.I‚5(].Nf%!
6!x+^5"+X%N1%!
0Px,+7+!.(S+7(nS+7&p%4•
9<< 7Pi"
!3C+H(A"C!z(!X%SCJD%4C!3C+H%!.'"(R!X%+7CJ}%4SPD&V
!QX%4I3+o%4!L6Pz%!X%S@DE.+7%A#+H%!.'"I.C5(.%IAC!3C+7

7+!/5+7+@.6.P+e55+.PNWDU!)%4%D+5DPYN3CJg( PD^FDd.
!H57+6!j%/%4Dd.!H56!xC!"B+IAD@Ql%4Dd.JD%4M"7CJf%!NjD
M"j%@E%!&)%4+7+5d.CNWDCFPD&Ql+^.%!J5C‚[email protected]IA
CJ.4@#dTJ.CS+Hj%!!Qg%4dL"&h%+!LC@Ql%4+e5+7d.CNWDCFPD4s#
J5( I3dL"Sj%!!Qg%4&h%+L"CJn+IAU!j%:%44.O%Q]++e56JDCT.%
+XC!3C
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>+7!A(@Ql%4%Q]++!.h(•8€CJ*%4@Ql%4+7CQX. 5"U!.+!hCS
+7++!LC%4L(J5C‚+7+()+e5ChNADSU•(C!TD^FN5#!X.+e5%Q]+
@A(+!D+7N3U!)N'(yCSC!5#&k.CJE%4C!7.S4.j(CJ*%4@Ql%4S@A(dL"
(A"^}+IA( I3+e5+7
6.2. Cc nguyên nhân gây hư hỏng c
4"#$%%!s%4s#!Q!_%4+7@APD^FC!5#&k.+!LC@Ql%4PD!DEC&B%4CJ5D
&k.+!LCQ!_%4g&s#N5D4p(+j!Q!_%4I'+!LC@Ql%4P.%!PQR%4@z%+7+
+!LC@Ql%4U!7+S@A(4.j(4.7CJ3IAU.%!ChIA4s#!E.&h%^/+U!_T%4Q2.C.$"
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1.1. Muối c
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1.3. Xông khói
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1.4. Tẩm nước sốt
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1.6.2. „%4U!0@E%!
!F+6!G(&Ql+&Q5@$%+7+N:%4Cj.+!E#CJD%4N"p%@E%!
!)%4U!0@E%!•`8
D
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@A(@E%!%!5%!C!F+6!G(C!F+6!G(^m&Ql+d7DCJB%&[^5"
U!.+L6&)%4%!5%!S+!n%4U!)%4&H%4C!A%!Cj%4C!2.4.5%+L6
&)%4UWDPA.;&h%`4.2

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wPx%46!QX%46!76&[J7DCF%!.$%
2.1.7. ™s"+7
wPx%4(H++s"%!_N„%4C!W6U!)%4JrCEDC!A%!<!Dy+;
!A%&[d)%4U!H.SP-%4+7+C!5%!+HC!.hCP.1%`8¡Œ8((S+!.'"
PA.<•;(&[CJTD+7+(H+N„%4Ps#C!W6(_%4SU!Dj%4+7+!
4.O5+7+(H+@AŒ8•ˆ8((™s"M"5(}C!5#M"56!i%&").+7
i%CJTD+7&[J7D%Q]+CJQ]+U!.&Q5IA@Kd)%4U!H.
2.1.8. ™)%4U!H.
x+&0+!@ACED( IA(A"&y+CJQ%4+!D^j%6!G(S@A(
+!0%^j%6!G(p%4C!2.C.$"P.1CI.^.%!IvCIA4.j(&BG(+e5
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wPx%4@Kd)%4U!H.
2.1.9. [%4"B.
x+&0+!@A!E%+!h^F%/+IRN'(yC+7U!.+7J5U!_.C!.hC
N3d)%4U!H.
wPx%4PK%4U!)%4U!0^E+!C!k.IADC!TD+7+@—U!0%45#
CJ$%C!.hCN3d)%4U!H.
2.1.10.H%44H.
x+&0+!@ACJ7%!C.h6dn+I].U!)%4U!0N$%%4DA.S@A(Dd.
!H5!H5+!LCNWDCJD%4+7IA%!.Y(I.^.%!IvCSj%!!Qg%4&h%
C!2.4.5%^wPx%4+e5^j%6!G(
wPx%4C!.hCN3N5D4H.+!s%U!)%4
2.1.11.jDM"j%
5"U!.N5D4H.S^j%6!G(+"V.+-%4^m&Ql+NjDM"j%g%!.1C&B
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wPx%4U!DNjDM"j%@E%!
2.2. Surimi

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2.2.6. !V.CJB%
!.C.h%!A%!6!V.CJB%S%!.1C&B!—%!l66!j.%!_!X%<8
D
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!2.4.5%U!"L#&jD+HC![C‚`84.s#&h%96!nCSC-#C!"B+IAD
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2.2.7. 3%!!f%!
5"U!.6!V.CJB%6!x4.5S^"J.(.&Ql+W6I.$%SW6C!A%!
%!O%4C!5%!PA.!5#&[%4"#$%gPE%465^CTIAW6C!A%!N7%!
+!O%!vC!.hCN3^wPx%4@A(7#W6&-%S(7#%!p.
2.2.8. =E%!&)%4
"J.(.&Z&H%44H.&Ql+@A(@E%!&)%4d"V%4C‚•;9
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D
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3 %, muối 2,5% , bột ngọt 0,2%, tiêu 0,2%, hành tím 2%, ớt.
Để gia vò thấm đều khi ướp ta trộn đều và sau đó để yên
khoảng 20 phút cho thẩm thấu. Giai đoạn này phải đảm bảo vệ
sinh, tránh ruồi nhặng hay côn trùng đậu vào bằng cách đậy
kín bằng vải màn
2.3.6. ™h6!B6
i%6!j.U.[(CJ5!B6CJQ]+U!.dh6!B6S^5"&H+!"#[%!B6
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2.3.7. HC%Q]+^VC
Sử dụng máy rót chất lỏng theo phương pháp chân không.
Trước khi rót vào hộp thì dòch sốt phải được đun đến trên 80
8
C
để tăng hệ số truyền nhiệt nhằm đảm bảo hiệu quả tiệt trùng
và giảm lượng không khí còn lẫn trong sản phẩm.
Lượng nước sốt rót vào hộp tuỳ thuộc vào lượng cá có
trong hộp sao cho đảm bảo khối lượng tònh của thành phẩm.
Không rót quá đầy mà nên luôn cách mép hộp 5 mm hay 1/10
chiều cao hộp.
2.3.8. A.U!0
Thực hiện bài khí bằng nhiệt. Đun nóng hộp cá và nước sốt
bằng hơi nước 80 – 90

2.4.3. 3%!!f%!
x+&0+!@A@A((_%4@]6C!3C+7IA@DE.N]C(BC0C%Q]+CF
PD4.n6+!D+7U!)CJD%4M"7CJf%!^L#
2.4.4. ]6("V.
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6!TD6!QX%46!76U!"#hCC7%”++!hC(BC^VI.^.%!IvC+H!E.
2.4.5. ™j("V.
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4.5I3
2.4.6. ]64.5I3
5"U!.Q]6("V.C5C.h%!A%!Q]64.5I34p(!—%!l6
&Q2%4SNBC%4*CSC_.SC.$"S]C%!„(CEDI3!A.!K5IAC:%4U!j%:%4
NjDM"j%+!D^j%6!G(
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• Q2%4;8€
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2.4.7. L#^XNB
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+!DM"7CJf%!^L#@A(+!0%C.h6C!TD
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2.4.8. L#@A(+!0%

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2.5.3. =A(U!)
5%4C!3C+7CJD%4+!jDS&jD&'"SU!.U!)%4+K%!X.%Q]+NV+
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2.5.4. 5D4H.
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(7C!2.4.5%NjDM"j%†8%4A#
2.6. Nước mắm
2.6.1. !hN.h%CJD%4C!-%4@'"
Q]+(}(eCJD%4C!-%4@'"@A+7+!@A(+e5%Q]+(}(!n
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