1
!"
#$%&'()$(*+,&( /0+12&34/3+,5
(67&89+,:*,101;(<;+=+,73>'(0+?+,@<;A+,
7<7B$.@C+(7-3(2&(D+,E
FG;
(H4I
J7KJ7
!"#$%%&#$#$
CHƯƠNG 1: MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM CƠ BẢN VỀ HỆ THỐNG HACCP
1.1. Lịch sử hình thành
!"#
$%&'()##(%*+##,-./01#02
+-3#,-.4#567!/8#'901!:;!1<
%=
>,-.-!/8#?#?%4#5!/8#'#'/@
#'A/8+(&.B(C313!;D
>,-.!/8E%F#-!3#!)#GHHI
#J#D
$%&'(F#+(G-4)#-/-1--KL1+!::
##,-.D>'9E!:(A!MF#+(#3##3A
6NOFG2B!)%(A6P'(%#PQP#P'
%R6O;#JS6P%TU'P1+-6/8-.D$%&'(!M%R
6O;#J(0)#%J%R!V4#'W#(9X2QQ$;
(D
YH=+-F;#J##,-.1-D
!55%1##'A(?Dq4O-B#el!&#;%
+#/8#,-.DQQ$&rs!114;#J!J0#+#
1&/049#'#'[?&?#,-.!r#@*1!N1
&/0#'A(?0#+#/8#,-.DQO(-t-#F-#'
r,n#F#(9s&/0?&?4/W(?#!N
!?#+#/8#,-.D
1.3.2. Các thuật ngữ
D1+,$.1#1B%A4A(F#2#,-.4
B(3%EjP/@D
1L4'1L4/><&&G1(9+MN)#!5()#&/0#'1#'[%*+#
#3!4-5%1#3#'LJ("J(!?E4#5+-
F!/8(411!55%1#)#C#*e#'AD
1G1(9+&G1(9+M81&173KF141&Nu#9#/@!/8A&l%J;
-B#e03s-3+-F!/8#5+-F!/8D
6/31K27(M1:13&1>+N%,/8#103#03
1.3.3. Lợi ích của việc áp dụng
G1+,OP1&1Q$RS+,
v w(&N)!)#,-.1&;B(#'(:#,-.
v BF#E:;%##,-.
v >%,#F(+-#,-.
v Q#;+#/8)%J%EjPx#?v*M)
G1R>3+(+,(12;
!"#$%%&#$#$
v B(#e+#/8%-.2[##e3#'
?nW')#N#'/@D
v q/8%R6O6+EF-78-;#JQQ$!5
0#;%-.D
v y!:;!5#?#,&J#9.;%##,-.D
v y%W;!-1?#8-!r#/3
v y%W;/#9!G#/
(9#C(D
1.3.6. Các bước áp dụng HACCP
OG7UyF-4#1:QQ$D€;9EQQ$!Kj-#
#F-*R!111%J;(9D_!41-B#e-!/8#?
&W41&)#)1(91l#;+#/8
1-B#e+#/81(?#!N!/8!/'DQ1#9-!/8!
#34!25&?#:s+!:9#';*B(6,1-6O
/#'[QQ$D
OG7VS#%-.-#s#?##'A2%-.%•9
E5s%-.#'#1#'[%*+#%-.!/8
*t#49!?#e#+#/8#,-.D
OG7W}1!NO!e%R6ODQE1%R6O6,?2%-.
!J04/@%R6OJ7(/@#9#N!5*1!NO!e%R
6O-/#E%R6O-/#E-B-J!:;&#@3
%R6O(9GM D
OG7X>?#F-%!r(#'[%*+#D!r(%!r"#&l&J#'e#?#
&N-64QQ$#?#F-&r#+#1&/0#'1#'[%*+#D
qB(O#A!5*B(6,?3QQ$D
OG7Y>.#'%!r(#'[%*+#D4QQ$-#.#'3#L
&/0#'%!r)#1F#F&!%!r!4#5;)#1!<!C1
#'[3#!)2(#'[#'#,#?D$5#'%!r(E03#!)
2(#'[&(X&!9s(uD!r-!/8
u%RF#F%F#+(s#(!V%0%!rJD
OG7Z}1!NF-6O1J(31&;-1--KLD
F6;#+#1J(34#5*('Ds(3!/8*P*t#-
s(3;*4&j4(3?4!?E!)+-F!/8%•4
#G#'A#?#(?!?+#/8##,-.*t##Ps(9G!M
!/8!"#'D
OG7[}1!N1!55%1##03QQ$%Dq5*1!1QQ$%4#54
:1#?-F1#'!4-V&?%R6OoB((?#!NpD‚QB(
OG7UU >?#F-1#2#O#.#'D3#!)#.#'-!/8#?
l!5!113#&);#JQQ$sr%2;#JD>G%+#
#.#'G-!2!5•!N;#JQQ$!3#!)4;D
OG7UV>?#F-&)#;/sr%QQ$D€;/sr%4;
e*1!4#'#'A#'1-6O;#JQQ$DQ1#2#O
QQ$-!/8#&D€;F-&)#;/#'sr%--7
8-0#e+#(21#'[3#!)D
1&/09#'9!5#,#?3QQ$;#[;!#3F
#E2B9#'%W:(9#C1E6O;#JQQ$
s(?#J#'AD
!"#$%%&#$#$
CHƯƠNG II: THỰC TRẠNG XUẤT KHẨU THỦY SẢN VIỆT NAM
SANG EU VÀ KHẢ NĂNG ĐÁP ỨNG CÁC QUY ĐỊNH CỦA HỆ THỐNG
HACCP
2.1. Đặc điểm của thị trường EU
_N#'e!NeFC;#)#9#2(%2h^!
l6/003#%A&)h^-1-6O&;-1-3?
#1!1&C##2(%#'G#967#2(%2h^X#
D€[F(!5!1-EG#967#'Jh^&)-F-.#2(
%#L1JBS\Bk#'!44€;#
h^)##'s#N#'/@F-.#2(%0+##?001
#'NF-.#2(%/8#g#…h'D$G0#2(%!/8F-
.#L1/0)&)#'J#(9!5&V%)#%J%-.!1-E
G#9#O2(91%-.#2(%/0+ h^aF-.
#2(%#L`HJ#'9#?0
'()*+,-./00#N#'/@h^6iJ4)#!"
!5#967'99#N#'/@h^4G7--<!63:
1"#D>(94#'[!)-1#'5#?41#/!r9
/@6BB†4!"!5#967DqJ0#2(%/@
#967B†((4*/0%R6O:!r%%013
0!/8:J/)D>'%J1#N#'/@*+#.#2(%
2€;##N#'/@h^!/8#N#'/@*+#.#2(%?/82
€;#0#N-G?gZI#V3*+#.%0S\YI
F#ˆI
0+,V^U#$%&'()$&( /0+7-3/3+,5,131@>9+V]]\_V]UV
3
#';^_
>… #'A
#( !V
I
/8
[#+
>…#'A
#(!VI
gHH` UUX] ` WIXa]]] `
gHH UU]] bWaY WXYa]]] bUVaX
gHH UV]X IaY WZXa]UY YaY
gH UWZ] UVaI YV]a]]] XVa\
gHg UUWW bUZa[ YX]a]]] Wa\
3405678*9
!"#$%%&#$#$
#2(%€;#(!6G/903*+#
.#2(%L#D
gHHY3*+#.#2(%Zg]#';^_‰ gHHZ
gHH`9#O#3D/!?gHH6)2#e#
GgHH`!M#V3F-.#2(%21/0h^
`IgHH t3*+#.#2(%2€;#%h^a
ZIDS"67/!15#9!4gHH`€;#
u4gY6;-!/8-t-*+#.#2(%h^/!?gHH
%J6;-!/8-t-*+#.h^#9]]HDq:!4a6G4
>'13*+#.#h^346+;#J##'gG!B(6,
&1%•#?-#O##'s#0DgHg*+#.#h^
#gH]I%0gH!/€;#N#'e#E#'4*+#.#
!Gh^0#N-G##LYIgH9ZIgHgD
1L$@cV^Ud7%$7<74e&(*+,&( /0+f$%&'()$7-3/3+,5+?4V]UV
(Ngun: Tổng cục hải quan)
:);=qB(4%-.?#…#'A2(?#'#V
1#'N*+#.#2(%2€h^a"#4#J!)-1##'5
+##'9#N#'/@h^D4%-.(&r1"#eQ1L
#/1#'1&%1!313D>'%J%-.#L11TP#2€
?#…#'A+#u!E%>'‹JDQ1TP#*+#.#L1/0
?)##…;1I%/8F-.12#N#'/@h^D
€;#/04%+#+#/81-e1##+-1
*+#./0#[F(43#'%0:/06|/8#
1':;%##,-.2h^D
!"#$%%&#$#$
1L$@cV^W14+,97(#7<&837-312&34/3+,5V]]YbV]UV
340567*9
:);=4%-G#'A#Eg%1TP##'
+*+#.#2(%2€;#h^D>(F(4(2(?#
!30u?)##…;'+#9#JŠ]I%/8F-
.2#N#'/@(#'h'6?g]IŒ!)?]I
>1y?ŠŠYI D~6n/F([%+#+#/8#2€;#
K#+--e1##*+#.%01/0
1>9!43#'2€;#(?4?n#N#'/@
h^Ds#'[!);€;#tr,!G#/;W
')#N#'/@3?D
!"#$%%&#$#$
1L$@cV^X14+,97(#&g47-312&34/3+,5&h+?4V]]ZbV]UV
340567*9
/06(+##'#J-4#J!)#6/D>?-#P>B(ˆ01#'N
F-.`H#';!HŠI%0gHD
2.2.1.4. Về hiệu quả xuất khẩu
‹%J;#J9#+(#'%J#!3#'/0%/81#'N
3*+#.#2(%%h^2€;##!:1#'L
gHH D>'&[!3gHHHvgHH`%/8#&[B]ZIf:1
#'N*+#.#&[B]gIf'z'#J!)#:%/8
#J!)#:1#'ND
!"#$%%&#$#$
1L$@cV^Y12$B$0'14+,97(#+,*+(&( /0+,131@>9+V]]UbV]]\
340?@A9
w!3gHHvgHg}+#.#2(%€;#%h^:%
/81#'ND
0+,V^XD7@i&?+,/0+KOl+,:*,1<&8C#&( /0+&h+?4V]]IbV]UV
?4 V]]I V]U] V]UU V]UV
D7@i&?+,/0+
KOl+,MjN
bUaZ \ X V
D7@i&?+,,1<
&8CMjN
bWa[ U[aX [aU bUZa[
3405<6B)9
[&#J!)#%/8#J!)#1#'N#LgHHvgHg
4#5#+(#'!3(;23*+#.#2(%!M#
9D>LgHH!?gH#J!)#1#'N!:#J!)#:%
/8Dq:(#+(%,#;#';?&?#2(%2€;#
#1#'N"#(D>(9!?gHg#J!)#1
#'N3!3#1#'NBvYZI 6%,?:r(9;B(4
16;-*+#.Dq:(#+(16;-€;#G4
s&;-1-!5V!Nr(9;/<#'A
%##,-.!/8h^+-FDs##,!V0!4!M#3
!/8(#e#'9#N#'/@h^D
ˆ93s##,!4#'sa!16+s?#
!3#!/8#';/8#1'#/32#2(%*+#.
2€;#%#N#'/@h^
',*0
!"#$%%&#$#$
_€;#!/8/W?!)w$9#2(%2€;#*+#
.%h^a4:8#?%01J1Dq"&;##L
h^-t-!/8/W?!)#?(D€;#!1-E!/81
!:;2h^!J01J!/8/Ww$6!4€;#X
l#'6%11J!/8/Ww$2h^D
' )C-;D'-;E(0
S"67%,5#'"#•2e#,-.h^!/8O#5
4&lF#b^^3*+#.#2(%2€;#XL
#!/#2(%9N#'e6X!G#'%J1%-.#,-.*+#.%
h^!P3!+#/0r3#;0D}+#.#2(%€;#%h^
!M!3#!/8s?#!1e;DQ+#/8#2(%2€;#
L!/8B3#!)!G#/*B(6,%W3#G-OO
#'r!1&C##2(%!/8!V0;?&?#2(%#P#9
.QQ$v3+(EF!/8-t-*+#.#2(%h^
!/8#?DQ16;-#*+#.#2(%!:4!2#9.:
;%##,-.!/8h^+-FDs##,!V0!4!M#3
(#e#'9#N#'/@h^DQe[F(16;-#2(%!M#/@;
1-6O1;#J#9.n#F#-78-0(9G!KjC#P2
h^
' '=)FG0
1%0#N#'/@S\#2(%€;##'9#N#'/@h^"-'+#
e#G/4O;&1-11DS)#-G6GF-.
#2(%2#N#'/@h^09h^#/@67&;-1-J&1-1
€;#!1-E(9G:+#/8;%##,-.
/D
5C 3#!)#BF-#N#'/@26;-€;#K#O
!)-O#):-e!J#1h^;?&?#2(%2€;#
67!M!/8<!G#/B+-%X3FD
>(9%,&?!)2#N#'/@h^6)2#ev#:
#;#?0gHH`282(y3-!')%1
/0h^&)#2(%€;#4%,!:u?/8s
-1-E-4N-#@(?/0*+#.%#N#'/@-#'(:#J1
#N#'/@!V9D
2.2.2.3. Nguyên nhân hạn chế
gDgDgD]DD (9B1
5C#(1J#9h^1-6O7)#e%13
#/01/0J/6iJ34)#:1'9
91(?#1#[J#'#,#?2AJDˆW
!"#$%%&#$#$
F(16;-*+#.#2(%2€;#!/1%-.#2(
%)#J#92h^G-5'z!/812i
/0!?41-/#E&1'P#-78-D
5C 6h^#92#JEc>d91?!)
*+#F-.2,(a--78-0(9#C2c>dDQ1
"#!/8&l334*/0/3!/0#(#?
&l1&;-1--#?)##'%J!4e'\#F#D
#2(%€;#J*BF-#N#'/@h^-/8#!/8'\
#F#!4r#9.+#/8#9.:;%#9.:!)
#9.#/@!)#9.:#'/@ D#2(%
€;##'#@&V;(/#5!1-E?#!/81#9.?#%E
C#P!49%/8*+#.#2(%2€;##N#'/@h^
/#?;'z!/8#:,#2(%2€;#D
5C= h^!4*/00j?*+#F-.
&)e,/8/4#'[!);21#'[%*+#D
5C+J!5#'r#2(%K'+#e#/!63!
&+#/8K#+-D
5CH 4#5#+(#19E-B#e*/0&?!)6,
&1#N#'/@#[5%B:1K/;DQ/#&1N-#@
#(!V#'/@6s(!N-1-F#!56;-2!)
!J-4/4!2,!5!1-EG!6326;-D
2.3. Thực trạng đáp ứng hệ thống HACCP của hàng thủy sản VN vào thị trường
EU
2.3.1. Hệ thống HACCP của EU với hàng thủy sản
>+#1?&?#,-.J*+#.4%h^!:N%,
&C#&)#e-1--1-6O(#'[%*+##P;#JQQ$!/8
1-6O!J01#(#?&?*R!44F(5-B-J
"6#,-.DQ;(&r-#e!?s+!:/
#'7%'<#.+J +#!)|#J&;#,F# "
'2'4#5[#+(&lC##/@#eF#+#Xi%C##2(#,
"%8 D
‹(!N%J`gfgHHŠfhQ2N;)!rB†(gfŠfgHHŠ:
;%#,-.D‹(!N((9G16;--1-6O6(#'[1
#2#O#PQQ$!/81-6O!J0#+#1%W%*+##3h^(9G
&C#&)!J01+-%-.#L1/0#EˆD
>PF#2h^4;,#LffgHHY #[1-6OQQ$(9G&C#
&)!J01%W%*+#6#,-.3#'L!J0/@%*+#
!"#$%%&#$#$
(9; Dh^(!N:1&;-1-1%1#)#%J4+#6//82
<#'!)F#%J1%-.!)F#D>P(!N(#[1
*+#.#2(%%h^G-#B#21&;-1-1%1#)#%J3#+#
6//82<#'#'r#2(%D4+#!/8#4=
ˆD4x13#+#4#16O!r41+#+%R6O=+#D4
ˆv>J#<(1+#B(|#'/@= Q1+#1#55
F# 6/0 /0
g Q'-P *
] Q'T' *
Š Q'-'mP *
QP *
Y _-%P }
!"#$%%&#$#$
/~ / 6N O
:&?
&?D
Z _P#'6mP }
` SP#'6mP }
#'T'ˆ r 4
U'm6P
}
H „6mP }
w'PP S#P }
S#P 16X*+#2
4yP#Pw'PP
}
r=ˆ)>2(
1+#1%&N+#h^K(!N1+#1%&N3
?Q-t-%R6O/(!N03#J! D?5#'#3!?
1/0#9h^-1#;!3##9.;%##,-.
|&.|.|!)#J%A6//81%1E-t-=
Q'-PQ$ #'T'U U'm6PU„• {•H ‘(&B†%•
41&;-1-#'L-3#/5#'HHI1#,-.*+#.
h^#'3#92(+"3?*+#.?-1#;
!3##9.;%##,-.D
QB†!M4s#(!V:e%1(/01%-.#2(
0+,V^Z DKg(*+,&( /0+f$%&'()$7-3/3+,5pC+(1q4'(<+,
/1+(a(H37(%&a:1/1+(:r&
(1q4 ?4
V]]U V]]V V]]W V]]X V]]Y V]]Z V]][ V]U]b
V]UV
(<+,
/1+(b(H3
7(%&
VW XI U] VX XZ UI UW VY
1/1+(:r& I U] I UY WI Y X YX
!"#$%%&#$#$
s+,/DMUN WV YI UI WI \Y VX U[ [I
s+,/DKg
(*+,#
MVN
^ ^ U\Z U^]UV Y^]]] I^II] U[]]] I\[Y]
n&8o+,
MjNMUNtMVN
U]^V W^\Y U^[ ]^VX ]^U ]^]\
34056B)IJ!!6,J>GFKLL9
gHHH4`&N|%F##P#'#B#Avˆ)#2(%
!?!3gHHvgHHg4#0Zg&N-1#;46//81%1E
-t-|%F#DQ1*+#.2€;##'!3
(-31(!N:/81%#J!4#'%-.&W#P(
!N2h^#[6//8Q'-Pu!/8-t-WE6/0HHH] &-G
#… DqB((!N?#%E4€;#[/@6B€;#X4#4
P%R6O#J4E/8Q'TPHŠIj#',#?-C#/
3#J!)3D>(9#@!5!4#[(#'[5#'X6,#'9
%WF&?#&9%-.9!11!/8e*1+#
/8%-.E/4!?+!:*1!N%-.4E4+#(1
2€;#*+#.%1/0#9h^/!3##9.[1(9
B1#'!44|1+#1%/'-('-%#'T'
'-P{QO#51&5&N&1%R6O1%/8#E-t-
0#2(B'-P'&*#‰1#'&N&12(?0y%#P'
(#PP%P'-('-%#'T'P(‰,&3#)&N
&1%R6O#'1-t-(6'P-P'*#!5R|.6+#?*3
#'1-t-1#%<&N&164EF;%
&1+#%-#+#?*3#'1-t-{
>(9a#5F'lE!)!1-E1(9G:
;%##,-.2#2(%*+#.%1#N#'/@4h^
4'9!M4%,#;!15Dˆ5;##…#'A*+#.%
#N#'/@h^&N1#'%01#'/0O#5gHH]
HgI‰gHHŠ]`I‰gHHZIgHHYHgŠIgHHZHI
gHHvgHgHHHH]>P>>>vˆ)#2(% #'/8*+#B%
h^3L#D
!8###'GŠ2q##'2‘(&QB†5#LgHH]:
;#,;1%1#;%##,-.!J0*+#.h^!M
!/'F*t#=o€;#!M4:#?&)#,;9#<1?3
1%1#6//8+#1%!J0#2(%DS"67K4)#%J&1
!J0)#%J%-e€;#!M41&;-1-*RC
-OpD'#P?###'!##'h^'l;#J&
-1-9!?5%1#>€#2(%4(|#5j
2€;#!M#/!/0F#;2h^DQ16;-?&?a!/8
##'h^!11=!M!1-E&(9G2h^:!:;*/W#'
!"#$%%&#$#$
Copyright: Tài liệu đại học ©