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Các loại mệnh ñề (Phần 3)

Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trường chung của học trò Việt
Tổng ñài tư vấn: 1900 58-58-12
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7. Mệnh ñề trạng ngữ chỉ ñiều kiện
Là mệnh ñề bổ nghĩa cho mệnh ñề chính bằng cách xác ñịnh ñiều kiện mà hành ñộng của mệnh ñề chính
ñược thực hiện.

If I were a bird, I would be a white pigeon.

- Lưu ý:
Trong câu ñiều kiện loại 2, mệnh ñề phụ thường ñược chia ở quá khứ giả ñịnh (Past subjunctive – Là thì
quá khứ ñơn ñối với ñộng từ thường, nếu là ñộng từ là “be” dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi) và mệnh ñề
chính thường ñược chia ở cấu trúc: would/ should/ could/ might + bare inf
CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ðỀ (Phần 3)
(TÀI LIỆU BÀI GIẢNG)
Giáo viên: VŨ THỊ MAI PHƯƠNG

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Các loại mệnh ñề (Phần 3)



If the ancient Greeks had not invented the wheel, their civilization would not have developed so much.
2. Nhiều người có lẽ ñã không chết nếu Mỹ không tấn công Irắc.

Many people wouldn’t have died if the US hadn’t attacked Iraq.

D. Chú ý
a. Bảng tóm tắt các thì thường gặp ở 2 mệnh ñề của 3 loại câu ñiều kiện

b. Dạng bài tập câu ñồng nghĩa có liên quan ñến câu ñiều kiện
Ex:
- She doesn’t ride the bus to work every day because it is crowded.
=> If …(giả thiết trái với hiện tại)

If the bus were not crowded, she would ride it to work every day.
- They didn’t take raincoats so they got wet.

If they had taken raincoats, they couldn’t have got wet.

TYPE

ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONDITION MAIN CLAUSE
I.

Simple present

Simple future

II.



Mai Phương

Các loại mệnh ñề (Phần 3)

Hocmai.vn – Ngôi trường chung của học trò Việt
Tổng ñài tư vấn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 3
-- Because she typed the report carelessly, there were many mistakes.

If they hadn’t typed the report carefully, there couldn’t have been many mistakes.

c. Khi 2 mệnh ñề của cùng 1 câu ñiều kiện diễn tả 2 giả thiết ở 2 thời ñiểm khác nhau
(hiện tại và quá khứ) thì 2 mệnh ñề ñó thuộc về 2 loại câu ñiều kiện khác nhau (Loại 2 và Loại 3).
Ex:
- She is tired now
hiện tại
because she stayed up late last night
quá khứ
.

If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she couldn’t be tired.
- Because the police recognized his car, the thief is in prison now.

If the police hadn’t recognized his car, the thief wouldn’t be in prison now.
- Because they lost their passports last week, they are having trouble now.


Did not she
she not
(Lưu ý: Nếu ñảo ngữ ở câu phủ ñịnh, ta có thể ñưa “not” ra trước chủ ngữ hoặc ñưa “not” ra sau chủ ngữ.
“Did not” trong trường hợp này không ñược viết tắt thành “didn’t”.)
* Loại 3
Ex:
- If our team had played better, they could have won the match.

Had our team played better, they could have won the match.
- Because she had read the books, they finished the test.
=> Had…

If she hadn’t read the books, she couldn’t have finished the test.

Had she not read the books, she couldn’t have finished the test.
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Ex: - You should take an umbrella with you, or you will get wet.
=> Should…

If you don’t take an umbrella, you will get wet.

Should not you (you not) take an umbrella, you will get wet.
- He wore the raincoat. Otherwise he would have got wet.
=> Had…

Because he wore the raincoat, he did not get wet.

If he hadn’t worn the raincoat, he would have got wet.

Had not he (he not) worn the raincoat, he would have got wet.
- They swam very fast. Or they couldn’t have won the prize.

They won the prize because they swam very fast.

* As/ so long as = provided/ providing + (that) (Miễn là)
Ex: As/ So long as you tell us the truth, we will help you.

* Supposed/ supposing (that) + clause (Giả sử rằng)
Ex: Supposed (supposing) (that) you had been in her shoes, what…
a. would you have done c. would you have be doing
b. would you do d. you would have done

* On condition that + clause (Với ñiều kiện rằng)
Ex: On codition that you fill the car up with petrol, I will lend you it.

f. ðể diễn tả quan hệ ta còn có thể sử dụng các giới từ quan hệ sau ñây
Ex: But for his help, we could never have finished the project.
=> Had…

If he had not helped us, we could never have finished the project.

Had not he (he not) helped us, we could never have finished the project.

If it hadn’t been for his help, we could never have finished the project.

Had not it (it not) been for his help, we could never have finished the project.
- Without her money, they could not have bought the house.

If it had not been her money, they couldn’t have bought the house.
- But for TV, we would not know what to do at nights.
=> If…

If it weren’t for TV, we would not know what to do at nights.

Thank to TV, we know what to do at nights.
- But for the teacher’s encouragement, he would not have taken part in the contest.

Had it not (not it) been for the teacher’s encouragement, he would not have taken part in the contest.

If the teacher had not encouraged him, he would not have taken part in the contest.

Had the teacher not (not teacher) him, he would not have taken part in the contest.

Giáo viên: Vũ Thị Mai Phương