Giáo trình
Phân tích dụng cụ
1
1
2
2
!"#$%&'#(!)"*+,$-./
0'#(!)"*+,$-./
0'#(!)"*+,12345)"*+,67-489:+;.#<2=2>)?)"*+@A$-+,
+@A$BC5#$D"2BE72+@B3%+@>9C"245
0'#(!)"*+,+A);#+!>@2&F"48++G#
#<2H?+BIJ7;->)5$D"$K+#L+#M
!#JE"*+JE)"*JN2348"O"
.5J7;#<2$K+#L+F+@!+G"J7;
#2>9C&%48.G+(!#<2B3P+QE.R@S
.5(!E48.G+BTUB2N
K.;.#G#&'#(!#5&D#459G#2BV"7-./)"*+,
4G7-W&'#(!)"*+,#5&D#459G#2B237-=X.>+>
#5J7;9G#2BW=2>)?)"*+,UB2+@VL++@>.R+Y#
+@Z#UB2#5)?=-"4542B[
0D#451H6 "%./ 0D#451H6 "%./
\]^^ Q>!"#R9C _^^`a^^ bO9":
]^^`_^^ Q>!" ca^^ I>!"
]Y#L+#<2&'#(!)"*+,
2K+d#+@>#R9C
@>#R9CE#G#&'#(!)"*+,)"$D"$K+d#9C+23)/"E+A
);#9e"*B7-#f]gghg]_iaHj4
&52
(G#)wG#x7x#+@>#<2.R+Q);#.R
&d+@P#G#y)5+x>B3P7e2B7"1H€"y#•#'2+d")2]x7x#+@>6EB3P
7e$W&%$-UB3+Z#B=:B+@>H€"$R)!>B3P+QEx7x#+@>);#)|#
+@&qH?+&?#G#4d7;+Q$-+2#5#G#$R)!>B3P+Q$D"#G#+P4E.E=E
•EN+r+@>H€"$R)!>.R+QEx7x#+@>#‚);#)|#+@&qH?+&?#G#4d
7;+Q$D"#G#+PσEπEδEN
(b) @!+G"#<2+>-&?.R+Q);#(G#)w+,H?+&?#G#yΨ
"
#5
x7x#+@>1#LBrx7x#+@>#<2.R+Q6
ƒ4F7e+B3:+#<2..G.
ƒ@!+G"J7;#<2.R+Q
x>+B3:+$R)!>.R+QEG#)"*+Q52+@w9"+2H"2+!>7"P9:+52
V#4v+!>+-#G#7>!"$R)!>.R+Q[$R)!>7"P9:+$-$R)!>.O7"P9:+
#G#)"*+Q9C+2H"2+!>7"P9:+F7D.$F)"*+Q>-"+A9e"*B&q
)"*+Q
4
4
%H|+J7;E9"#G#)"*+Q+2H"2+!>7"P9:+52V#)m+!>+-
#G#$R)!>.R+Q4v#5J7;9G#2B+}3+B?#$R)!>#u+!>+-
@>.R+Q#5+m#5i7>!"$R)!>.R+Q#5J7;9G#2B$-H'#J
7;);#4Z.(:.+x>+'+8+J=n7-[σ\π\\π
„
\σ
„
ƒ]0D##B3mJ7;
ƒ]B3PR&D##B3m
G# .R+QEF
)"%B9"*&r+A
#u +I +!" F +@!
„
p
^
fγf#jλ
pfJ7;†‡ˆ
fq4d7291‰‰]Š^
ƒ_
‡46
#fd#)?G4G1ƒŠ^
a
H4
6
5
5
γfn4d†4
ˆ
of0D#45†Hˆ
ƒ]] |#)"mH#<2&D##B3m
@>#G#&D##B3mE&D##B3m π
„
#5J7;&zL+E#X&D#
#B3mσ→σ
„
#nJ7;7DL+
0D##B3m‹‹
„
[
n#5J7;7D+'$D"&D##B3m#5λ\]^^H1+B?#+Q
_]-B4Z#
6
6
8L.+B#G#+"24G+B?#H"%9O9":23+Q>!"7-H9Y#+Y#*
x7x#+@>#<2.R+Q+@!+G"9Y#+Y#.R+Q9C&%$WE#•+I+!"H?+
+A""2@L+Z19>O^
a
"R365#5(BD+@F$%+@!+G"&r+A+,
+@!+G"9Y#+Y##5J7;#2>+@F$%+@!+G"#&O#5J7;+L.E
.R+Q7!""O"+s2@2J7;=D"ƒ=!#<3:B[
`J7;"O"+s2R3P48&":)/"52V##<2#L+
`J7;"O"+s2@2=D"=!G4GE"*+;-3);#V"7-.G+
UB2
`J7;"O"+s2@2=D"=!"*+
@>)!")24d+@A;.EJ7;9Y#+Y#&":+-#B3m)?
"*+E);#.R&d#>#G#H'#J7;=2>)?#<2.R+Q$-#<24>7$2+
$K3.R+Q>|#">#5H-B42B9"L.+BG4G)S&":=2>)?x7x#+@>
+-#B3m)?"*+#<2#G#+"mB.R8#B3mJ7;9Y#+Y##<2*
x7x#+@>+-#B3m)?"*+7-#4F#<2.R+"#+@Z#UB2=})m(G#)w
-H7;#L+.R+Y#+x>)?L.+BG4G
"W2H-B4Z##<2H?+#L+$D"9OJL.+BG4G#<25#57"PUB2
$D"2BE);#+m"*+@>&O42B[
-B#<2#L+ G#+"24G&wL.+B 0D#451H6
l#G$- YH _^^`_i^
- -H _i^`_a^
•2#2H -H7l# _a^`_g^
s l##-H _g^`i^^
Y2 l# i^^`i‰^
YH l#G$- i‰^`ihi
-H - ihi`ig^
=82+@P#G#)w7BK+L.+BG4G
i] w7BK+2H&x@+
?"=B)w7BK+[
;+)d"#<2#G#=X4G&wL.+B&F"HC"+@AH-5)"UB2
9C.l+B?#$->#A)?+"2+D"€"7D.#5#"%B=-32B+rL.+BH?+
.n=X4G)4Z#)"UB2=B=w#2B
b"+2#":BH?+#}H+"24G#5#A)?&2)nB7-
^
$->H?+#B$x++@>4Bd+
#5+-4>4>#'2=B=w#H{BE#5)?=-37-&"2&%=-3=B=w#+-
&7D.9"G4G)"UB27D.+'L+E#A)?4G3:B)"7nP#Bd"7D.+'
L+#A)?4G4v7-[
>
=
1c6
8
8
Bd"7D.+'L+E)I+A"7-)nB7D.+']E#}H4G42B9")"UB27D.+']
#‚"OH7n[
]
=
f
19Y"*B7-6
nb
I
I
A
o
77 ==
+@r-3#>+L3f79")>$D"#B$x+#5&%=-3#H
iƒ w7BK+0xx@
8"OH#A)?#}H4G9")"UB2=B=w#+}3+B?#$->4d+@B+RHL.
+BG4G#5+@P)A)"#<2#}H4G
‘z+48L.+BG4G&F"H?+#L+H-B#5+-.n$-#LB+@u#9C)/"
9"I)?+23)/" /H?+Y+=B=w#-3$->H?+dr+@l$-UB24G+)?
L.+BG4G#<2=B=w#+,+@P(Bd:B.27>S=B=w#@27n
&%=-37D.=B=w#+@>d+J7nE=>)54d+@B+RHL.+BG4G
+@>d9C+23)/"Ek27-)?L.+BUB29C)/"•>)5[
9
&
f9
]
&
]
*+'#-3=>0xx@+":+7K.$->JHai]E)w7BK+0xx@);#.G+&"mB
42B[8L.+B=XUB2J+•7*&K#L+$D"4d.n+Q#<2#L+L.+BH-
=XUB2J)"UB2
23[ ?L.+BG4G#<2=B=w#H-B+•7*&K#L+$D"I)?#<2=B=w#
L.+BG4G
7--H7‚3+,2#<2P9C+BK+"*#>$"*#+Y+>G@>.R+Y#
+@Z#UB2E+A=}-H$r5.l+B?#&K#L+$->P+BK7;"#>$"*#
+Y+>G"W2$-#5Hd"7"P*$D"2B
7f
7
>
f`ε&
`7fε&f
$-9C#5+'B3P
10
10
100% 75% 50% 25% 0%
%T
0 0.125 0.3 0.6
A
1.0 2.0
A(T)
max
A()
T()
A(lgT)
lgT(C)
A(C)
C
#5"G+@w+,^“÷^^“23+,^÷
#5"G+@w+,^÷∞
7-+2#"2+M)%B
7-+2#"29C+M)%B$r7--H7>2@"+
UB2#<2H?+H>7#L+$-);#V"7-*4dL.+B@"P.n123#XV"7-*4d
+Z+.R+Q2H>|#7-*4dL.+B.R+Q6#<2#L+)5
0O*4dL.+B$-&D#45L.+B#<2H?+4d#L+
Chất đo Liên kết
λ
1
ε
1
λ
2
ε
2
p+x@ `y` ai ^^^
3>x+x@ `` g_ _‰^^
•"4B7."=x ``` gi ii^^
#x+"7"=x ```
hi ‰^^^
a^ h^^^
—"=> `f` g^ i^^^
bx+>x `fy` gi ^^
p+37xx `f` g^ a^^^
—> `f` _^^ ]^^^
">9x+>x `f` ]i^ gi^^
0x—x ƒ1`f`6 a_ g^^^
2.+27xx 2$X ]]^ ]^^^^ ]hi i‰^^
+@2#xx 2$X ]i] gg^^^ ƒhi hg^^
3@"="x •w$X h‰ a^^^^ gi ‰‰^^
tB">7"x X+H ]]h ƒh^^^ ]h^ ƒ‰^^
'#&˜ i]^ _i^^^
'#77"˜ iƒi a_^^^
]
f&1ε
Žε
]
]
6
,+Y"*H+@P#>+L3HK+)?UB2#5+Y#L+#?$-@u+);#@2]*
UBOUB2+@V
*UBO[
b")>H?+=B=w#->)5Ef„Ž
=H
E)m=B=w#)u&q„
+r
=H
.O"+K+s9C)G9m235"#G#9G#E./L.+B#<2=BHC"
.O"@L+(24>$D"./L.+B#<2=B=w##n(G#)w m)>HK+)?UB2+@>
$}+Q>!"23+L3);#E#n#V=BHC"#5#8#)!"L.+BFH"%@2"D"
+Q>!"#R9C23+Q>!"?+4d=BHC"#5+m4Q=l);##>+@>
&O42B[
•BHC" 0D#451H6 •BHC" 0D#45
#x+> ƒƒ^ p+2>7 c]^
0x—x ]a^ x(2 ]^^
7>@>•>@H ]ƒh 3#7>x(2 gi
E_•">(2 ]]^ D# cg^
•"x+37x+x ]i #x+>"+@"7 cg^
*UBO][
#}H?+&D#45+r#G#=B=w#)5L.+BG4G+BR+x>)w7BK+W
=B=w#+@>#})"%B9"*)5H-FI)?9G#2B#5λ
H2(
7*#2B1$%.Y2
45=-">|#45Z6)%B7-&"mB"*#'+s48L.+BG4G#<2#u
9C+BR+x>)w7BK+#&O$%48L.+BG4G
h]B3PR7*#9s")w7BK+0
14
14
N
M
Amax
‰]'#)?)4Z##<2G4G4Q=l
4G#-)4Z#+rH'#)?+BR+x>)w7BK+L.+B#-#2>@>
.z.+@Z#UB2"*23E)m+!>@2+"2)4Z#E#5+m=}7J9Y23#G#+Q>|#
=}9Y7V#)m+B);#G4G#":B$->#5$}./š.E#>):
23${#2+!>);#G4G>-+>-)4Z#
Y=lH?++"2#5&D#45qH+@>9>Oλ
2
λ
&
@L+š.E#5+m(xH
n+@}$D"λ
H2(
:B+8#"*.z.)>+!")R34v+B);#)?L.+B#8#)!"
H2(
X:B+8#"*$D"G4G)24Z##'2"%B)?=-"459G#2BE+,λ
$-$K3[
r=B=w#L.+B#5+Y#V7V#E"O4Q=B=w##59OJL.+B
#8#)!"+"2
^]
E#G#+"29G#L.+B@L+Y+>|#9CL.+B:B+JI)?
1>|#+J#"%B=-3L.+B&6+r
]
"OH+)d"+x>I)?=B=w#E):H?+
7u#->)5
]
f^+r
16
16
A
u#-3#5+J+r#‚+23)/"9C)G9m={):)>!#>+@P
)I+w`
17
17
h]]@!+G"$-I)?#<2#L+(G#)w+@>=B=w#
18
18
b"I)?#L+L.+BUBG7D#‚7-H+23)/""G+@wεb"I
)?7D4v(O3@248++G#"W2#G#+"mB.RL.+BE7-H7D.$s&P>-"#<2
;.#L+H-B&w&":=!={):+Y#L+L.+B+23)/"$-ε4v+23)/"E+C
+A7-H"OH"G+@wε
19
19
m"G+@wεY++23)/"P=}=B=w##5I)?\^
]
Ž
8r+-.'#˜
.l+B?#"%B$->I)?
Ž
#<2=B=w#E#•F
.c.b#<2˜+r.'#˜
HD"r+-);#>-+>-E)57-;..nL.
+B#n(G#)wEF.\.b4v#548#!+@2"W2
Ž
$-
Ž
EP˜
r+-
9C>-+>-•#5#G#2">#<22#"=H!HD"+I+!");#+@>HC"+@A
2("+1F.+L.6G#.'#r+-"W2">9"H7>!"$D"2">#<2#•+w9"H7>!"
#•&%FH?+9>O.š.•>)5)m.'#);#r+->-+>-.O"+!>F
.+Y#;.&q=B=w#)*H
>-"@2#‚|.W">+!>.'##5G"78#7D$D"y
+!>+-.'#3=@>(>
˜
Žy
1y6˜
1y6˜
_]^HE+'#)>F&D#45L.+B#8#)!"#<2@
]
y
h
]
4v|.42"4d9G7D
#G#3:B+d9G#
`8#5H|+#<2#G#">E#G##L+7!9G##5+@>H{B:B+d-3@L+.'#
+!.E#n);#(xH(z+#l+m+@>H€"+@A;.E:B#5+r.O"7>!"+@,
`/L.+B.l+B?#$->=BHC"E$r$K3#n4Q=lH?+7>!"=BHC"
#d)w+@>4Bd++":+@r+Y"*H
abO>4G+48+BR+x>)w7BK+72H&x@`&xx@
25
λ
max
= 380nmλ
max
= 420nm
25
Copyright: Tài liệu đại học ©