SAN
XUAT
VATieU
THU
SAN
PHAM
CAO
SU
d Viei
NAM:
THL/C TRANG VA
GlAl
PHAP
Le Thi Kim Anh*
Ngo Thi Thuan**
Viet Nam la
met
trong nhflng nfldc cd
dieu kien thuan ldi cho cay cao su phat trien
tren dien tich rdng. Nam 2005, ca nfldc cd
khoang 478.600 ha cao su, san
lUpng
dat
513.100 tan, trong dd dien tich cao su qud'c
doanh la 283.700 ha, san
lUdng
441.900
tin.
Dien tich cdn lai la cao su tieu dien (194.900
ha) vdi san
lUpng

cho dat nude.
Nganh cao su Viet Nam nhflng nam qua
tham gia boat ddng thfldng mai qud'c te kha
td't. Dien
tich,
nang
suit,
san
lUdng
va doanh
thu tfl cao su deu tang qua cac nam. Cac
chung loai san pham ngay cang da dang,
chat
lUdng
dam bao ngay cang cao va dUdc
ddng dao khach hang trong va ngoai nUdc tin
cay. Nganh cao su da ddng gdp nhieu thanh
tliu trong
sii
nghiep cdng nghiep
hoi
- hien
dai
hoi
eua dat nUdc.
Tuy nhien, tieu thu san pham cao su cdn
hoc
Id
mpt
so'bat

hinh td chflc san xuat chinh dd la cac doanh
nghiep nha nfldc va tU nhan.
* Le Thi
Kim
Anh, Thac si, Cong ty Cao su
DSc
Lak.
** Ngo Thi Thuan, Pho
giao
sU,
Tien
si, Khoa
Kinh
te
Nong nghiep va Phat tnen Nong thon,
Dai
hoc
Nong nghiep Ha Noi.
Sf29(1U12/2009)
OUAN
Lt
KINH it
NGHIEN ClJfU
-
TRAO 001
SAN
XUAT VA
TIEU
THU
SAN PHAM CAO SU 0

va
la ddn vi
diu
nganh trong viec ddi mdi cdng
nghe, Ip dung cac tien bd khoa hpc ky thuat,
diu
tu tham canh.
Cic
doanh nghiep do dia
phUdng quan ly chiem khoang 14% tdng dien
tich toan nganh, tap trung chu ye'u d Tay
Nguyen va mien Ddng Nam Bd. Cac doanh
nghiep quan dpi chiem khoang 6% tdng dien
tich
toan nganh.
So vdi cae ed sd cac su tU nhan, elc doanh
nghiep nha nUde ed ldi the trong
diu
tU
tham canh do
dUde
dau tU tU ngudn vd'n ngan
sach, ed dpi ngfl can bd khoa hpc ky thuat va
ed vung nguyen lieu ldn. Do dd, cd dieu kien
diu
tfl Ip dung eae tien bd khoa hpc ky
thuat, ed kha nang san xuat elc
sin
pham
che bien ed chat

thu trong nUdc. Hien nay, cao su tU nhan
chiem khoang 30% tdng dien
tich
cao su toan
qud'c.
Day la khu
viic
hien dang cd nhieu ldi
the trong
quin
ly, cham sdc, khai thae va
hieu qua san xuat. Song, cao su tieu dien
cung cdn gap rat nhieu khd khan trong san
xuat nhat la vd'n
diu
tU, gia cac ye'u td'
diu
vao va tieu thu san pham. Ngudn vd'n chu
ye'u trong elc td chflc nay la ngudn vd'n vay
tfl ngan hang
phit
trien ndng nghiep. Lfldng
vd'n dflde vay tuy thude vao qui md dien tich.
Hien nay, san pham ciia cle td chflc nay ehu
yeu la mu thd cung cap cho cac DNNN hoac
tu nhan lam cdng
tie
che bie'n. Cao su tieu
dien rat
cin

eai tien che dp cao, ddi mdi quy trinh che
bie'n mu
Tuy vay, chat
lUpng
vUdn
ciy vin
chUa
dat yeu eau so vdi thiet ke, ty le trdng stum
bau cdn thap (Ddng Nam Bd 35%, Tay
Nguyen 74%); mdt sd' ndi khau dieu tra cd
ban cdn ye'u
din
den viec khai hoang khdng
dung ddi tupng, hau qua la nhieu ndi phai
keo dai thdi gian kien thiet cd ban.
Giai doan
1986
- 1990: Nganh cao su da
ap dung cd hieu qua nhflng bien phap td
chflc,
quan ly san xuat mdi, kholn vfldn
cay cho cle hd gia dinh, khoan sd' Ifldng va
chat Ifldng san pham sd che Nhd vay, du
cd khd khan ve vd'n, nganh da cung
cd'dflde
vfldn cay kem chat Ifldng cua giai doan
trflde, ddng thdi, da phat trien them
dflde
hdn
41.500

200,0
100,0
T
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Nam
Nguon:
Vien Nghien
cuu
Cao su Viet Nam.
Tuy nhien, van cdn mdt sd' tdn tai can
khac phue nhfl: viec bd'
tri
ed cau gid'ng
chfla thich hdp, mdt
sd'
vfldn cay dflde trdng
tren tang dat mdng
lam
anh hfldng den
chat Ifldng vfldn cay.
Giai doan 1991
•
1996: Dd gap khd khan
ve vd'n
diu
tfl nen dien
tich
vfldn cay phat
trien

tang
binh quan hang nam la hdn 30.000 ha, td'c dp
tang binh quan hang nam
gin
20%. Tfl 2001
- 2006, dien
tich
binh quan hang nam tang
cham hdn, khoang gan 17.000 ha, chii ye'u la
phat trien eao su tieu dien trong cac ndng hd.
Trong thdi ky nay, cle cdng ty cao su qud'c
doanh
hiu
nhfl It
diu
tU phat trien eao su do
gap khd khan ve quy dat.
Vi ndng sudt: Tfl 1980 - 1990, nang suat
cao su dat thap, khoang 7 ta/ha do vfldn cay
dfla vac khai thac chu ye'u la dien
tieh
trdng
trflde nam 1975 ed chat Ifldng kem va mdt
phln dien
tich
vfldn mdi dflpc dfla vao khai
thic,
chfla de'n tudi thuin thuc eho nang
suat eao.
Giai doan

Hinh 2. Dien tich khai thac, san
Iirgmg
cao su Viet Nam 1996 - 2006
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
I I I I I I I I I I I I
I—I
I I
-DT khai thac
-San lupng
Nam
.^tj? -^
+,^
4,^
flS^
cP oCV
0(^
CN'C'
a*
cP
c\V
c>
o^
Ngubn: Vien Nghien cflu Cao su Viet Nam.
suit
binh quan nam tang tfl 7,19 ta/ha len

vao khai
thic.
Day la vUdn cay dUdc
diu
tU
kha td't, dam bao yeu clu ve mat ky thuat va
cho nang suat eao.
Giai doan
1996
- 2006, do vUdn cay de'n
tuoi thuin thuc cho nang
suit
cao nen san
lupng trong
thdi
ky nay cd xu hUdng tang
nhanh vdi mflc tang binh quan la 4.000
tan/nam, San
lUpng
cao su thien nhien ciia
Viet Nam nam 2005 la 488.600 tan nam
2007 la 601,700 tan tang binh binh quan
13,3%/
nam. Dien tich, san
lUdng
cao su tieu
dien va khu
vifc
tU nhan tang nhanh chdng
trong mdt so' nam gan day, Dien tieh cao su

0 khu vfle Tay Nguyen, cay cao su dflde trdng
thii
nghiem tfl nam 1923 va sau dd cay cao su
phit
tnen kha manh trong giai doan 1960
-1962,
tren nhiing vimg dat cao tfl 400 - 600m, nhifng
sau dd lai bi gian doan do
tuih
hinh
cliie'n
tranh
gay
git
d mien Nam. Tfl nam 1977, Tay Nguyen
bit
dau lai
chfldr.g
trinh trdng mdi cao su, dau tien
la do cac ndng
ti\fdng quin
dpi, sau nam 1985 do
cac cdng ty qudc doanh va tfl nhan da tham gia
trdng cao su tfl nam 1992. De'n nam 2005, toan
QUAN Lt KINH
it
Stf
29
(11+12/2009)
SAN

(lOOOha)
358,33
126,40
43,96
20,88
549,57
Co cau
(%)
65,20
23,00
8,00
3,80
100,00
San luong
Sdlupng
(lOOOha)
481,12
102,77
17,45
0,36
601,70
Co cau
(%)
79,96
17,08
2,90
0,06
100,00
Nguon: Vu
Ke

Quang Tri.
Tdng dien tich cao su ciia 3 vflng chiem gan
99%
dien tieh, cac vimg khac dien tich eao su
khdng dang ke.
3.
Che bien cao su thien nhien va he
thong kiem tra chat
Iitc^ng
Nam 1998, ca nfldc ed 40 xfldng che bie'n
mu vdi tdng cdng suat dat khoang 170.000
tan. Do thiet hi may mdc phln ldn da cfl va
lac hau, nen gan day mdt sd'
xi
nghiep da
dau tfl may mdc thiet hi mdi (cdng
suit
tfl
6.000 de'n 12.000 tan/nam cd khi len de'n
15.000 tan/nam), nen chat Ifldng mu cao su
che bie'n da ddng deu va kha dn dinh, tifng
bflde tao ra uy
tin
tren thi trfldng the gidi.
Tinh den het nam 2001, cac nha may
che
bien cua Tdng Cdng ty Cao su Viet
Nam dang cd cdng
suit
thiet ket 258.000

kien dd, kenh thu mua tfl nhan phat huy
tac dung, thu gom san pham mu eao su va
xuat khau cao su nguyen lieu tfldi sang
Trung Qud'c. Day la thflc trang khdng td't
eIn
nghien cflu cac giai phap quan ly.
Hien nay, cae nha may che
bien
cao su
deu du
khi
nang phue vu Ifldng cao su san
Stf
29
(11+12/2009)
OUAN
Lt
KINH
Tt
MB
NGHIEN
Cljnj
-
TRAO
DOI
SAN XUAT
VA
TI£U
THU
SAN

trong nam vdi tat ca
cac phdng kiem nghiem cao su trong nfldc.
Theo so'
lieu
cua Vien Nghien cflu Cao su,
cd tdi 90% Ifldng cad su Viet Nam dat tieu
chuan ky thuat, dflde phan
Idai
va cap giay
ehflng nhan chat Ifldng dat tieu chuan
qud'c gia.
Hien nay, Viet Nam cd bd'n chung loai
san pham cao su dflde
che
bien de xuat
khau
nhfl sau:
• Cao su mu khdi
khdi
(SVR):
la
loai cao su
dinh chuan ky thuat Viet Nam (VSR), dflde
Tdng Cdng ty Cad su Viet Nam dfla ra thi
trfldng dfldi thfldng hieu CSV
dflde
san xuat
theo tieu chuan Viet Nam ve cao su thien nhien
TCVN 3769
-

khaeh hang, bao gdm cac chiing loai nhfl: Cao
su dinh chuan ky thuat (SVR L, SVR 3L, SVR
10,
SVR 20) va cao su cd dp nhdt dn dinh (SVR
CV 50, SVR
CV60).
Day la nhdm san pham chinh cua nganh hang
eao su Viet Nam vdi san Ifldng xuat khau nam
2005
la
476.100 tan, chiem 81,09% tdng san
Ifldng xuat khau. Trong dd,
loai
SVR 3L chiem
dai
sd'
chiern ty Ie cao nhat vdi mflc xuat khau
nam 2005
la
287.700 tan, chiem 49% tdng san
Ifldng xuat khau; san Ifldng xuat khau nam
2005
san
pham SVR 10, SVR
20
la
137.900
tan,
ehiem 23,48% tong san Ifldng xuat khau; cac
loai san

bie'n mu nfldc
bing
cdng nghe
ly
tam de san xuat ra cac
loai
mu li
tam HA va LA.
Nhim
dam bao dfla ra thi
trfldng
loai
mu Latex
h
tam dn dinh ve cac
thdr^
sd'ky thuat, Tdng Cdng ty da
phdi
hdp vdi
Tdng cue Do Ifldng chat
lUdng
xay
dflr^
tieu
chuan Viet Nam TCVN 6314
-1997
danh rieng
cho cle
loai
mu Latex cd dac theo cdng nghe ly

PHAM
CAO SU
0
VI$T
NAM:
THUC TRANG VA GIAI
PHAP
NGHIEN
CUU
-
TRAP
DPI
MB
lam mat ldp d td, RSS loai danh td nen It hi
bam, eUdng dp keo dUt rat cao, it bi lao
hoi
hdn cao su com, rat thich hdp chd elc san
pham ddi hdi
tinh
khang dflt cao, khang
mdn cung nhfl dp cflng eao. Khd'i Ifldng
xuat khau loai san pham nay nam 2005 la
19.400
tin,
chiem 3,3% tdng san Ifldng
xuat khau.
- Cao su Crep: Day
la
san pham cao su
cao cap, rat khd che bie'n nen dflpc dung

10,54%/nam
(Bang 2).
Chung loai cao su xuat khau nhieu nhat
trong ba nam (2005- 2007 la eao su khdi
SVR3L. Nam 2007, cao su khoi SVR3L la
chung loai xuat khau ehiem ty trpng cao
nhat, chiem 42,78% tdng Ifldng cad su xuat
khau cua ca nfldc dat 308,6 ngan tan, vdi
gia tri tren 641 trieu USD tang
11,7%
ve
Ifldng va tang 18,8% ve tri gia so
vdi
2006
(bang 2), Gil xult khau trung binh dat
2.078 USD/tan tang 6,4% so vdi gia xult
khau trung binh nam 2006. Ke de'n la cao
su
SVRIO,
dat
116,3
ngan
tin.
Loai cao su
nay dflde xult chu ye'u sang Trung Qud'c,
Malaixia, Dai Loan, Han Qud'c va Dfle.
Ngoai ra,
lUdng
xuat khau mpt sd'loai cao
su khac cung tang nhu

Nha tang manh nhat, tiep den la Han Qud'c,
Trung Qud'c, Nhat Ban, Malaysia.
Kim ngach xuat khau eao su cua Viet
Nam trong giai doan
2003-
2007 tang trUdng
rat cao binh quan gan 50%/nam, nhUng chu
yeu do gia tang cdn san
lUdng
xuat khau
tang khdng nhieu, khoang
10%/nam.
Tham gia xuat khau eao su Viet Nam
nam 2007 gdm ed 49 doanh nghiep, trong dd
chu ye'u la cae cdng ty TNHH va cdng ty ed
phan, so
lUpng
cac doanh nghiep nha nUdc
tham gia xuat khau nam 2007 la 11 doanh
nghiep, vdi chinh sach khuyen khich xuat
khau cao su cua Chi'nh phu
Viet
Nam mpt sd
HTX, doanh nghiep thUdng mai khac cung
tham gia xuat khau cao su (Bang 4).
Stf29(1U12/200g)
OUAN
Lt
KINH
it

Cao su
dinh
chuan
ky
thuat
SVR3L
SVRIO
Loai khac
LATEX
CSRL
RSS
3
SVRCV60
SVR20
SVR5
SVRCV50
Khac
Tong
Khdi luong
(1000 tan)
2005
254,30
92,65
60,47
51,49
35,34
17,67
16,09
15,85
5,93

06/05
110,45
119,96
28,84
167,69
43,39
150,99
187,52
129,13
154,06
218,05
116,53
07/06
109,88
104,72
192,60
95,46
116,46
58,86
91,41
81,05
121,44
61,98
106,81
104,86
BQ
110,16
112,08
74,53
126,52

Han
Qudc
Nhat
Ban
Dai
Loan
Nga
Dire
Bi
My
Canada
Cac
nudc khac
Tdng
Nam
2005
Luang
(tan)
413,80
29,05
11,52
22,52
19,16
20,72
15
19,22
3,031
0
554,02
Gia tri

50,77
23,82
44,58
41,85
58,60
18,84
27,87
7,90
59,68
1117,20
Nam
2007
Luang
(tan)
465,48
37,26
12,18
31,50
18,11
28,85
11,34
22,50
1,75
48
676^97
Gia tri
(tr.USD)
914,46
66,49
27,00

NAM: THUC TRANG VA GlAl
PHAP
NGHIEN CUU
•
TRAP DPI
^^
Bdng 4. Khoi luong va gia trj xuat khau cao su cua doanh nghiep nam 2007
STT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Nhom doanh nghiep
Cdng ty trach nhiem hiiu han
Cdng ty Co Phan
Doanh Nghiep Nha nudc
Cdng ty lien doanh Cao su
Hop tac xa Cao su Nhat Hung
Cong ty Thuc pham mien Bdc
Cong ty Thuang Mai
Cdng ty Xuat Nhap khau Thiet bi
Doanh nghiep tu nhan
Tap doan Cdng nghiep Cao su Viet Nam
Cong
Sd doanh

46.113.740
11.578.411
8.885.311
16.786.483
12.804.278
11.620.461
66.310.119
1.074.301.597
Gia
binh quan
1993,37
1908,85
1902,82
1923,33
1848,41
2038,38
2115,77
'
2204,97
1894,13
1940,65
Nguon: Trung tam Thdng tin Thuang mai.
Thi trUdng trong nUde cua san pham cao
su kha nhd be so vdi thi trUdng xult
khiu.
Nhu clu ve san pham cae su eua thi trUdng
trong
nUde ehi
ehiem khoang 10-15% tdng
san

ty
Hoi
chat Viet Nam. Cimg vdi Cdng ty
Sao Vang (Bd Cdng nghiep), Tdng Cdng ty
Hoa chat la ddn vi san xuat cac san pham
tU cad su ldn
ciia
ca nUdc.
Trong nhUng nam gan day, viec xay dUng
cae cdng ty lien doanh san xuat cac
sen
pham tu cao su da tang len. Dieu dd eiing ed
nghia la mpt phln san
lUdng
mu cao su ciing
dupc
sii
dung nhieu hdn tai thi trUdng trong
nUdc de lam nguyen
lieu
cho cac nha
miy
nay. Mac du thi phln cao su nguyen lieu thd
d thi trUdng trong nUdc cdn khiem td'n so vdi
thi trUdng xuat khau, nhUng neu cae cdng ty
dupe dau tU thich dang hdn
nUa
thi ty trpng
xuat khau eao su nguyen lieu thd se
giam

GIAI
PHAP
Bang 5. Du bao nhu cau cao su thien nhien va cao su nhan tao den nam 2035
Dan \i: trieu tdn
Di6n
giai
San xuat vd xe
San pham khac
Cpng
CS.
thien nhien (NR)
CS.
nhan tao (SR)
Cpng
Ty le NR/SR
2005
11.164
9.913
21.077
8.493
12.583
21.076
40/60
2010
12.688
10.973
23.661
9.528
14.134
23.662

13.893
19.855
33.748
41/59
2035
20.651
15.635 1
35.286
15.027
21.259
36.285
41/59
Nguon: LMC Intemationl and ProForest, 5 -2005 (Rubber Eco Project of
IRSG).
4.
Dii
bao cau cao su va cac kien nghi
chinh sach
Theo ket qua nghien cUu tinh hinh
cung-clu
cao su
ciia
Hiep hdi Cao su the
gidi de'n nam 2035 cho thay, clu cao su
thien nhien se tang len 2% hang nam.
Nam 2005 la 8,5 trieu tan, nhUng den
nam 2035 cau se la 15 trieu tan tang gan
gap ddi nam 2005, vdi dieu kien dan sd'
khdng tang va d cac nUdc phat trien da
bid

va vi the cua nganh.
Vdi quan diem nay, cac khuye'n nghi
chinh sach day manh tieu thu san pham
cao su cua Viet Nam la: Nha nUdc nen
khuye'n khich dau tU vd'n, khoa hpc ky
thuat va lien ket kinh te; Nganh cao su
sdm hinh thanh thi trUdng giao dich cao
su Viet Nam
nhim
ho trd va khuye'n cao
doanh nghiep ve thdng tin, diin bie'n thi
trudng & gia ca cao su; elc doanh nghiep
can ddi mdi td chifc quan ly va khdng
ngirng quan ly va nang cao chat
lUdng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1
Bo ThUdng mai (2006), De dn phdt trien xudt
khdu giai doan 2006-2010, Bao cao cua Bo
ThUdng Mai.
2
Hiep hoi Cao su Viet Nam (2006), Thong tin
chuyen de ngay 25/12/2006.
3
Hiep Hoi Cao su Viet Nam (2007), Thong tin
chuyen de ngay 25/12/2007.
J
OUAN Lt KINHTE
Stf29(11+12«009)
SAN XUAT VA

su,
Nha
xuat •
http://vinanet.com.vn/EconomicDetail,
ban Thanh
pho'
Ho Chi Mmh.
aspx?NewsID=
127543
7
Tap doan Cong Nghiep Cao su Viet Nam
{2QQ1),
Tap chi Cao su Viet
Nam,
2QQ1.
' http://www.vmanet.com.vn, Trich Nghien
Cae trang web:
""""^ ^'""^
tesd34l - Thang
10/2006
• http://www.caosuvietnam.saigonnet.vn • http://www.mofa.gov.vn
»f 29(11*12/2009) OUAN Lt KINH
rt