HOfIT
DONG
Onu TyTRlTC Tll'P NUOC NGOfll (FDI) CUfl PHfiP
TAI VIET NAM
Ths.
Vo Minh Hung
Dai hpc Ba Ria - Viing Tau
Quan he giira Viet Nam
va
Phap da cd
mdt be
day
lich sir kha
lau
ddi, trai qua nhieu
thang tram, de lai nhieu
dau an va ngay
nay,
quan he giira hai nude dang duge thuc hien
theo phuang cham khep lai
qua khii
de
hudng tdi tuong lai nhu
Chii
tich nudc Tran
Dire Luong da ndi: "Vugt qua moi thdng
trdm lich
sic,
trdi qua nhieng ky niem vui vd
budn,
quan he hai ddt nude, hai ddn tpc

ve quy md
\an
chat lugng,
dae biet trong
ITnh
vuc
dau
tu (FDI). Hien
nay, Phap
la
ddi
tae
sd mdt trong cac nudc
chau Au diu tu
vao
Viet Nam vdi tren 305
du
an
cd tdng sd vdn 2,94 ty USD, gdp phin
thiic diy tang trudng kinh te
eiia
Viet Nam
trong sudt thdi gian qua.
L TONG QUAN VE FDI CUA PHAP
TAI VIET NAM
Phai ndi rang, cac nha dau tu
ciia
Phap
cd mat tai Viet Nam
rat

Ngoai giao Phap R.Dumas (23 - 26/2/1990)
va
chuyen tham Phap
ciia
Bd trudng Ngoai
giao Nguyin Manh Cim
(5/1992).
Mat khac,
ciing thdi gian nay,
RFI ciia Phap ngay
2/7/1992 dua tin: "Viea qua Hpi ddng Gidi
chii
Phdp da md mpt phien hop tgi Paris ve
vdn de ddu tu tgi Viet Nam. Trong phien hop
ndy, dgi dien cita 25 gidi
ehii
Phdp da tdi du
de trinh bdy nhieng kinh nghiem cita ho qua
thdi gian ldm viee tgi Viet
Nam
Ong nhdn
mgnh rdng, trude vien cdnh lenh cdm van
ciia
Hoa Ky cd the dtegc bai bd trong nay
mai, muc tieu trude mdt cita cdc nhd ddu tu
Phdp la ldm sao tgo dtegc nhieng dieu kien
tdi thieu de mpt xi nghiep cd the hogt ddng
tgi Viet Nam" {2).
68 NGHIEN
CQU

Tdng
Sd du an dang ky
4
8
5
8
8
18
23
18
18
28
29
23
19
19
28
18
18
27
25
22
47
32
23
468
So du an dang boat ddng
1
4
1

83.536.719
942.563.169
34.680.000
50.241.448
11.750.178
499.219.470
8.525.000
18.596.308
7.025.500
20.703.800
36.105.500
184.005.000
632.524.828
89.101.012
13.306.297
2.941.345.770
Ngudn: Cue Ddu
tie
nude ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu tu.
Nam
1993,
chuyen tham chinh thuc
ciia
Tdng thdng Phap Francois Mitterrand lai la
dip de cae ca quan, td chiic, doanh nghiep
cua Phap sang Viet Nam true tiep tim hieu
ca hdi dau tu, gap gd va dam phan vdi
cac
ddi tac. Nhd do ma nam
1993,

dau
tu ed tiem
lire
vl vdn va cdng nghe
khac nhu Nhat Ban,
Han
Quoc, Singapore
Nhu da biet, nam
1996,
nguon vdn
FDI ciia
Viet Nam tang dot ngpt len den 9,212 ty
USD,
dugc xem la dinh cao
ciia dau
tu nudc
ngoai vao Viet Nam tir trudc den thdi diem
do.
Chinh nliiing thay ddi dd da
tac
ddng
manh me va
day
Phap tir vi tri thir 3 nam
1993 xudng vi tri thir 9 nam 1996 trong tdng
sd hon 50 nudc va viing lanh thd dau tu
vao
VietNam
(3).
Budc

vao
Viet Nam 943 trieu USD vdi 28 du
an,
tang
gap 15 lan so vdi nam 1991,
gap 11
lan nam
1996,
ehilm 17,4% tdng vdn FDI vao Viet
Nam (xem Bdng 2), dua tdng sd vdn FDI
ciia
Phap d Viet Nam len
din
1,638 ty USD va
dimg vi tri
thii
6 trong sd cac nudc ed sd vdn
dau tu vao Viet Nam. Trong sudt 3 nam
1998,
1999, 2000, do anh hudng
eiia
khimg
hoang tai chinh - tiln te d
chau
A, cung nhu
do
nin
kinh tl Phap gap khd khan, vdn diu
tu
vao

dung thir 6 trong tdng
sd 60 nudc
va
vimg lanh thd dau tu vao Viet
Nam vdi ban 100 du an dang boat ddng.
Tinh den nam 2000, Phap da cd 125 van
phdng dai dien (chiem 4,5% trong tdng sd
2.800
van
phdng nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam), 5
chi nhanh ngan hang, 5 van phdng luat su
va
kiem
toan
tai Viet Nam (4).
Ke tir nam 2004, vdn
dau
tu cua Phap
tiep tue giam manh chi cdn 7 trieu USD, chi
chiem 7% tdng vdn
dau
tu cua EU
vao
Viet
Nam, dirng vi tri 3 trong sd
cac
nudc EU dau
tu vao Viet Nam (xem Bdng 1). Klidng chi
rieng vdn dau tu
ciia

ciia
su giam sut vdn dau tu nude ngoai d Viet
Nam
eiia
Phap ndi rieng va cac nudc ndi
chung la do kinh te cac nudc trong nhirng
nam nay dang gap khd khan, that nghiep
ngay cang
tang, tang trudng GDP ludn d
muc dudi 2%, tham chi d mirc tham hut. Cu
the nam 2002, tang trudng GDP
ciia
Dire,
Phap,
Anh tirong ung (0%, 0,9%, 1,1%) va
nam 2003 tang trudng GDP
ciia Dire
(0,4%),
Phap (0%) (xem Bdng 2).
70
NGHIEN
CQU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°02
(125).2011
Bang 2: Toe do tang truo'ng kinh te cua cac nudc EU {Dan vi (%)
EU25
EU15
Dire
Tay Ban
Nha

2.9
1998
3.2
2.7
2.1
4.1
2.9
2.0
3.2
5.7
1999
2.5
2.7
1.7
4.0
2.8
1.3
2.5
5.4
2000
3.6
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.6
5.1
2001
1.2

2.2
0.6
2.8
4.4
Ngudn: The European Union Worldtrade,
http://www,
euruion.ors/profde/EUUSStals.htm
Budc vao nam 2005,
dau
tu
eiia
Phap
bat dau tang trd lai vdi sd vdn 20 trieu USD.
Nam 2006 Phap ed den 25 du
an
dang ky
mdi,
tdng sd vdn dau tu
la
36 trieu USD,
chiem
13%
tdng vdn dau tu
ciia
EU
vao
Viet
Nam. Nhu vay, tinh den het nam 2006, Phap
da cd 346 du
an

ciia
Phap vao Viet Nam da dat gin 3 ty USD,
dung
thii
2 EU sau Ha Lan (5 ty USD)
va
thii
15 tren the gidi. Qua
day
cd the tin
dau
tu cua
Phap
se tiep tuc tang trong nhimg
nam
tdi.
II.
Sir
PHAN BO FDI CUA PHAP
TAI VIET NAM
1.
FDI cua Phap tai Viet Nam phan
theo hinh thirc
Tinh den cudi thang 9/2010, FDI
eiia
Phap d Viet Nam duge thuc hien
ehii
yeu
dudi hinh thiic hgp
tac

ban giam dde dilu hanh
rieng. Cdng ty lien doanh dugc chia
Igi
nhuan
va
chia se
riii
ro theo von gdp. Thdng
qua hinh thiic
nay,
vdi tiem
lire
manh me vl
khoa hpc, kT thuat va cdng nghe, tai chinh
ciia cac
cdng ty Phap ket hgp vdi gia nhan
Wf)ut ittutg ituu tu tiue tieft itiitfe
ni/xmi.
71
edng re d Viet Nam nhim ha gia thanh
san
xuat
va
nang cao tinh canh tranh cua san
pham.
Hinh thirc ed nhieu du
an dau
tu dirng
thii
hai

Day
la du
an dau
tu
Idn
nhat
ciia
Phap d Viet
Nam eho tdi thdi diem
nay
[49,
tr.49].
Hinh thiic
100%
vdn dau tu nudc ngoai
chiem 20% sd vdn
va
thudng dugc thuc hien
bdi
cae ngan
hang
ciia
Phap
dau
tu
vao
Viet
Nam nhu Banque Indosuez, Credit Lyormais,
Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP), Banque
Francaise du Conmerce Exterieur (BFCE)

vdn nudc
ngoai
va
doanh nghiep lien doanh cd the
ehuyen ddi thanh cdng ty ed phan vdi dieu
kien da gdp du vdn phap dinh theo
giay
phep
dau tu va da chinh thiic hoat ddng dugc 3
nam, nam cudi cimg phai ed lai va mdt sd
dieu
kien lien quan den cd ddng
ciia cac
cdng
ty
nay.
Phap chiem khoang 5% tdng sd vdn
dau
tu
ciia
Viet Nam theo hinh thiic edng ty
cd phan.
Bieu do L Dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam theo cac hinh thuc
(Tie ngdy 01/01/1998 din ngdy 30/09/2010)
20%
21%-
37%
• 100%
vonnu'O'c
ngoai

Lien doanh
Hgp ddng hgp tac kinh
doanh
100%
vdn nudc ngoai
Hgp ddng BOT. BT. BTO
Cdng ty cd phan
Tong cpng
Sd du-
an
84
7
205
1
8
305
Tdng vdn dau tu
(USD)
1.086,126.518
619,139,982
602,913.493
486.895.473
146.270.304
2,941,345,770
Von dieu le
(USD)
345.778,277
618,139.018
308.725.293
140.000.000

Ion
lao ddng tai
cac
dia ban boat ddng doanh
vao Viet Nam chu
>iu
tap trung vao
ITnh \'ii'c
nghiep, tan dung dugc gia nhan cdng re va
cdng nghiep nhu cdng nghiep nang. cdng ngudn nguyen lieu ddi dao. gdp phan nang
nghiep nhe. xay
dung,
thuc pham vdi
181
du cao nang luc san xuat
eiia
nganh edng nghiep
an
cd tdng sd \dn dang ky len tdi 936 trieu Viet Nam. Di diu trong sd cac cdng ty
ciia
USD.
chiem ty trpng
Idn
nhit vl sd
dir
an
\a ph^p
(j^^
tu
vao

ky. Thirc te dd chirng to
qu}-
md
\'dn
dau tu d
ITnh
vu'c
na\'
tuang ddi nhd (xem Bang 4).
Neu nhu dau
tir ciia
Dai Loan.
Singapore
\ao
Viet Nam chu
}eu
hudng
\ao
cac
ngaiili
dich
M,I.
khach san. nha hang
\a
du lich thi dau tu cua Phap tap trung
chii
}eu
Boas Bon vdi cac du an nhu edng ty TNHH
Mia dudng d Tay Ninh vdi vdn dau tu
113

dau
tu la
54 trieu USD; Dai sieu thi An Lac tai Thanh
phd Hd Chi Minh
\6i \dn
dau tu 35 trieu
USD dugc cap phep nam 1997: Sieu thi
Thang Long tai Ha Ndi. cap phep nam
1999.
\dn
30 trieu USD (4).
TCeut Jt^ngiTdu
tu
trt/e tiefi ttude
ngxJui
73
Bdng 4: Dau tu ciia Phap vao Viet Nam theo nganh
(Tie ngdy:01/01/1988 din ngdy: 30/9/2010)
(Dan
vi: USD)
So
TT
I
II
III
Chuyen nganh
Cong nghiep
San xuat, phan phoi dien,
khi,
nudc

bat
dong
san
Ban budn,
ban le
Tai chinh, ngan hang,
bao
hiem
Y
te va trg
giiip
xa hoi
Nghe thuat
va
giai
tri
Hanh chinh
va
dich
vu ho trg
Giao
due
va dao tao
Tong
so
So
dy
an
181
6

524.390.000
175.366.386
142.841.300
111.010.542
93.768.726
33.815.000
25.052.448
5.250.000
970.430
2.941.345.770
Von
thu'c
hien
381,235,608
159.221.874
177.878.424
9.232.731
5.485.555
29.417.024
157.471.501
157.471.501
1.001.279.995
641.925.625
82.030.000
70.952.788
36.580.971
66.152.599
81.068.726
11.772.000
9.366.156

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Dia phuong
Ba Ria-Viing
Tau

Phil Yen
Quang Ninh
Thira Thien-Hue
Ddng Thap
Phu Thp
Kien Giang
Tong cpng
Sd du-
an
8
110
71
8
19
2
24
J
5
7
5
2
1
6
5
1
1
4
2
2
1

7.337.600
7.200.000
6.750.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
3.200.000
2.000.000
2.000.000
700.000
670.000
187.500
60.000
52.631
2.941.345.770
Vdn dilu le (USD)
271.416.229
766.370.780
132.180.327
49.727.433
48.394.122
112.829.680
32.153.611
15.188.500
13.110.000
8.224.800
10.202.941
12.500.000
15.205.712
1.030.000
7.000.000

thdng ed 35 du an vdi tdng sd vdn diu tu
dang ky 677 trieu USD (xem Bdng
4).
Day
la
ITnh
vuc
ma
qua do Viet Nam cd dieu kien
tiep thu khoa hpe edng nghe mdi, cd dugc
dpi ngii can bd dugc
dao
tao ve ky thuat,
nghiep vu quan ly qua do tao dieu kien thuan
loi cho nen kinh te qudc dan nhanh chdng
hdi nhap kinh te khu
virc
va the gidi. Ddng
thdi day ciing la
ITnh
vue Phap cd kha nang
thu hdi vdn nhanh
va
cd the manh vdi
cac
hang vien thdng hang dau the gidi nhu
France Telecom,
Actel
Phap hien gid cd
10 du

hgp tuang ddi
ciia
cae chi
sd nay vdi yeu cau ve ca cau mdt nen kinh te
hien dai,
phii
hpp vdi nhu ciu phat trien
ciia
Viet Nam trong cdng cude cdng nghiep boa,
hien dai hoa dat nudc.
3.
FDI cua Phap tai Viet Nam phan
theo dja phuo'ng
Cac du
an
dau tu
ciia
Phap cd mat d 25
tinh, thanh phd tren
toan
qudc. Mac
dii
ehinh
phii
Viet Nam khuyen khich nha dau tu nudc
ngoai dau tu vao nhirng dia ban hien cdn
nhieu khd khan ve kinh te - xa hdi, dac biet
la
mien
niii,

la
cac dia phuang cd ca sd ha
tang tdt, cd nhieu khu
vire
cdng nghiep, khu
che xuat nen thu
hiit
dugc nhieu
dir
an nhat
vdi hon 250 du an, vdn dau tu 2,8 ty USD,
chiem 96% ve tdng sd vdn dau tu
ciia
Phap
vao
Viet Nam. Cu the,
Ba
Ria - Viing Tau
thu hilt chi 8 du
an
nhung vdn dau tu len tdi
1 ty USD, dimg dau ca nudc; Thanh phd Hd
Chi Minh thu hut
110
du
an,
vdi tdng sd vdn
dau tu
la
852 trieu USD dirng vi tri thir hai;

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Binh Dinh
Ben Tre
Yen Bai
Hda Binh
Phil Yen
Quang
Ninh
Thii'a Thien-Hue
Ddng Thap
Phil Thp
Kien Giang
Tong cpng
So dy
an
8
110
71
8
19
2
24
3
5
7
3
3
5
2
1
6

18.400.000
15.205.712
15.150.000
14.000.000
13.698.657
10.521.391
8.800.000
8.500.000
7.337.600
7.200.000
6.750.000
6.000.000
5.000.000
3.200.000
2.000.000
2.000.000
700.000
670.000
187.500
60.000
52.631
2.941.345.770
Von dieu le (USD)
271.416.229
766.370.780
132.180.327
49.727.433
48.394.122
112.829.680
32.153.611

itdu
tuteue tie'fi nu(U
ngtuix
11
So vdi ngudn FDI cua EU
vao
Viet
Nam phan theo dia phuang tinh
din
cudi
nam 2005 thi cd mdt sd chenh lech nhung
khdng dang kl. Cu
thi,
Thanh phd Hd
Chi
Minh
van
la dia phuang thu
hiit
du
an
diu tu
Idn
nhit trong
ca
nudc, vdi
189
du an, ehilm
38%
va

nay,
nhd tan dung dugc uu
thi
sin cd tai dia
phuang, eiing vdi mdt sd uu dai
ma
nha
nudc Viet Nam danh cho,
cac
du
an
diu tu
cua Phap tai
cac
dia phuang
nay
dang thu
dugc nhirng
kit
qua kha quan.
Tdm lai, ciing nhu trao ddi
hang
hoa,
quan he diu tu Viet - Phap trong giai doan
1988-2010 da phat trien vdi tdc dp rit cao.
Ddng vdn dd vao
ngay cang
nhilu, di kem
vdi nd la ddng edng nghe hien dai trong
cac

cang
nhilu ban ddng vdn diu tu
va
edng nghe tir ben ngoai, trong do cd Phap.
Quan he
dau
tu Viet - Phap cung cd
sir
gap
gd nhau giira nhu ciu
va Igi
ich
ciia cae
ben.
Dd chinh
la
nen tang cho su phat triln nhanh
chdng cua mdi quan he
nay.
So vdi mdt so
nudc diing diu vl diu tu true tilp d Viet
Nam nhu
Han
Qudc, Dai Loan, Nhat
Ban,
Singapore, Hoa Ky, ty le vdn diu tu
eiia
Phap d Viet Nam dugc thuc hien kha cao.
Theo sd lieu
ciia

ciia
Phap dupe phan bd vao nhilu
nganh edng nghiep khae nhau, trong dd cd
sir
quan
tam
dac biet duge danh cho
cac
nganh
cdng nghiep nang,
xay
dung, nhim mue
dich khai thac tdt nhit nhiing tilm
lire
cua
Viet Nam. Phap
la
nudc diu tu kha nhilu
vao
nganh cdng nghiep nang (46 du an). Vi
78
NGHIEN
CQU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°02 (125).2011
vay,
Phap
van ludn
la
nha dau tu

sach,
chuyen giao cdng nghe, kinh
nghiem
quan
ly, thiic
day
xuat khau. Tuy
nhien, ben canh nhirng ket qua dat duge,
dau
tu cua
Phap vao
Viet Nam dang tdn tai nhieu
mat ban che:
Thie
nhdt, ddng vdn
dau
tu cua Phap
vao
Viet Nam phan bd khdng deu, tap trung
ehii
yeu d mdt sd tinh, thanh phd nhu: Thanh phd
Hd Chi Minh,
Ha
Ndi,
Ba
Ria - Viing Tau,
Ddng Nai,
Tay
Ninh.
Dang

eiia
Phap ed rat it du
an
trong
ITnh
vue edng
nghiep nang,
xay
dung
ma
Viet Nam ed nhu
cau Idn
va Phap cd rat nhieu the manh.
Thie ba,
dau
tu cua Phap
thudng
la cac
du
an
cd quy md nhd, sd du
an
nhieu nhung
vdn
dau
tu it, cu the: Nam 2002, cd den 28
du
an
nhung vdn dau tu chi cd 9 trieu USD;
Nam

O^""
C#
<^
J'
C#
CS'^'^
CN^'"
cs^"^ cs^"^ cs^'" cs^""
c?^^
^0)
^O)
^q>
^O)
^q,
^ ^ ^ ^
^q,
^o,
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
-T6ng y5n d§u
tu
true
tiep nudc ngoai
\^o
Viet Nam —•—Vdn dau tu cua Phap vao Viet Nam
Nguon:
Dua tren sd lieu Bdng 1 vd sd lieu do Cue Ddu tu nudc ngodi - Bp Ke hogch vd Ddu
tu
cung
cdp
Vdi nhirng thanh edng tren, cdng vdi su

Chau Au, sd 1,
tr. 42-48.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Bao Nhan dan (2002), Chit tich nudc
Trdn Due Luang hpi dam vdi Tdng thdng
Jacques Chirac,
ngay
30/10,
tr.
4.
2.
Thdng tin xa Viet Nam (1992), Vdn
di vi ddu tu tgi Viet Nam, Tai lieu tham
khao dac biet,
ngay
8/7, tr. 2.
3.
Vd Minh Hung (2007), Quan hi kinh
ti Viet - Phdp trong bdi cdnh todn edu hod
5.
Hoang Xuan Hoa (2001), Dgc diem
quan he kinh te Viet Nam - EU vd nhieng ca
hpi phdt trien trong xu the todn cdu hod, tu
do hod thuang mgi, Nghien cim Chau Au, sd
48,
thang
6,
tr. 81-88.
6. The European Union Worldtrade,