'Kjhien citu
- Trao doi
23 - Khoa hoc Chinh tri
/v^
CHIJ DONG
VA TICH
ClJC
HOI
I\HAP
KEVH TE
Qroc
TE
- MOT GIAI PHAP XAY
DlJl\G
CHII
I\GH1A
XA HOI VIET
NAM
Trdn
Vdn
Phong'>
D
ang ta xac dinh ro, xa hoi XHCN
ma nhan dan ta xay dufng la mot
xa hoi dan giau, nifdc manh, cong
bang, dan chu, van minh; do nhan dan
lam chu; cd nen kinh te phat trien cao;
CO
nen
van
hda tien tien dam da ban sac

Chi
Minh
"""''DCSVN,
Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan
qudc Idn
tha X, Nxb CTQG, HN. 2006, tr.69
Mudn phat trien kinh te, chung ta phai
huy dong mpi ngudn
life
cho phat trien,
trong do hoi nhap KTQT se tao ra cho
chung ta
nhifng
thuan
Icfi
de phat
trien kinh te:
Thii:
nhdt.
Dang va Nha nifdc ta xac
dinh ro, phai phat huy cao dp npi
life,
xem do la nhan td quyet dinh ddi vdi
sif
phat trien dat nifdc nhifng cung
can
coi
trpng huy dong cae ngudn
life
ben ngoai.

24 - Khoa hoc Chinh tri
1\[ghien
ciiu
- 'Trao
doi
cae ngudn
life
ben ngoai chi difpc phat
huy cd hieu qua thong qua npi
life.
Do
vay, phai chu dong va tich
cifc
trong hoi
nhap KTQT. Bdi le, ed chu dong va tich
cdc
hoi nhap, chdng ta mdi chu dong
trong
lifa
chpn tiep thu cac ngudn
life
ben ngoai mot
each
hieu qua nhat. Ddng
thdi ed the ngan ngda, ban che tdi da
nhdng tac dong tieu
cifc
do hoi nhap
KTQT gay ra.
Thii

nhan va dng dung nhanh chdng nhdng
thanh
tdu
khoa hpc - eong nghe tien
tien de rut ngan qua trinh phat trien.
Nguyen Thu tifdng Vo Van Kiet trong
bai phat bieu tai
Dihi
ddn Kinh te the
giai a Da-vdt Thuy Sy
(ndm
1990) da
khang dinh: " vdi nhdng kinh nghiem
due
ket difpc, vdi nhdng thd thach da
vifpt
qua, chdng tdi da nhan thdc difpc
sif
can thiet eua
sif
hoi nhap va hpp tac
KTQT
nhif
la mot nhan td quyet dinh
cho viec day nhanh to'c dp tang trifdng
'
Vo Van Kiet, Doi mai bdn
linh
vd sdng tao,
Nxb QDND, HN. 2006, tr.82-83

tinh ea
lifpng cap mdi va tang vdn tai cae
dif
an dang boat dong, ngudn vdn ma cac
doanh nghiep nifdc ngoai dang ky
nam
2008 dat 64,0 ty USD, trong dd cae duf an
mdi chiem 60,2 ty USD, vo'n thufc hien
tren 11,5 ty
USD"'^'.
Ro rang, dieu nay
chi
CO
dufpc thong qua hoi nhap KTQT.
Hoi nhap KTQT khong ehi tao ra co hoi
cho cac ddng vdn dau tuf nufdc ngoai chay
vao nufdc ta, ma con tao ca hoi cho cac
doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tuf ra nifdc
ngoai. Tren ea sd dd, cac doanh nghiep
trong nifdc cd ca hoi thd sdc, nang cao
klia
ndng canh tranh, nang cao trinh
dp quan ly, chuyen giao khoa hpc - eong
nghe Qua dd, cac doanh nghiep trong
nifde
CO
the phat trien. Day la mot trong
nhdng dieu kien rat quan trpng cho nifdc
ta phat trien kinh te, de tren
cP

- 'Trao doi
25 - Khoa hoc Chinh tri
gidi.
Dieu nay ddi bdi phai co
sif
phdi
hop chat che, nhip nhang cung mot ca
che thdng nhat ed hieu qua tren ca sd
hpp tac gida eac nufdc, gida cac khu
vifc
ciing nhuf toan the gidi. Muo'n vay cac
nifdc phai cung nhau hpp tac. Hoi nhap
KTQT la mot trong nhdng hufdng ea ban
ciia sif
hpp tac qudc te nay. Han nda,
hoi nhap kinh te trong dieu kien TCH
se gop phan thdc
da!y
qua trinh giao
lifu
hop tac
van
hda gida cac qude gia - dan
toe,
lam cho cac qude gia - dan toe hieu
biet
lln
nhau, tren ca sd do ngay cang
xich lai gan nhau va tao dieu kien thuan
Ipi

nf>au
nhien ma Dai hoi X eua Dang de
ra nhiem vu: "Day manh boat dong kinh
te ddi ngoai, hoi nhap sau ban va day
dii
ban vdi cac the che kinh te toan cdu,
khu
vifc
va song phifang,
la'y
phuc vu
Ipi
ich dat nifde lam muc tieu cao nhat"'".
Sif
tham gia vao eac the che kinh te
toan cau cung
nhif
cac the che kinh te
khu
vifc
se tao cP hoi cho nufdc ta dufpc
DCSVN,
Scfd,
tr.113-114
chia se kinh nghiem, vdn, chien lifpc dau
tuf phat trien, gop phan giam thieu rui
ro,
nhat la trong nhdng giai doan khung
hoang kinh te. Do vay, suf tham gia vao
eac the che kinh te toan cau cung nhuf

ve tai nguyen, ky thuat, eong nghe, thi
trufdng, nhan hfc, von Dieu nay se thdc
day trifc tiep phat trien kinh te cua moi
quo'c gia, trong do co Viet Nam. Tren
ca sd do chung ta mdi xay difng difpc
CNXH.
Thii
sdu, hoi nhap KTQT se tao ca
hoi cho nifdc ta phat huy difpc
Ipi
the so
sanh cua minh de tdng bifde phat trien.
Chang ban, chung ta co
Ipi
the ve cae san
pham nong, lam,
ngif
nghiep, may mac,
giay da Chung ta chi co the xuat khau
difpc nhdng mat hang cd
Ipi
the so sanh
nay khi hoi nhap day du va sau rpng vao
KTQT. Nam 2008, kim ngach xuat khau
ciia
nufdc ta dat khoang 62,9 ty USD,
tang 29,57c so vdi
nam
2007. Chung ta
CO

lufpt
ngufdi, tang 0,6% so vdi nam
2007,
trong dd khach den vi cong viec
lam an 845.000
lifpt
ngifdi, tang 25,4%
so vdi
nam
2007'^'.
Dieu nay khong chi
lam gia tang mdi quan he ve
van
hda,
sif
hieu biet
lin
nhau gida cac dan tpc ma
eon gop phan trifc tiep vao tang trufdng
kinh te - tao tien de vat chat eho xay
dufng CNXH.
Thii
bdy, hoi nhap KTQT con tao
dieu kien cho chdng ta xuat khau lao
dong. Khi xuat khau
difpe
lao dong,
chung ta se cd ca hoi de ngudn lao dong
ciia nufdc ta difpc tiep thu nhdng thanh
tufu khoa hpc - eong nghe tien tien cua

chufang trinh xuat khau lao dong, tang
ty le lao dong xuat khau da qua dao tao,
quan ly chat che va bao ve quyen
Ipi
chinh dang cua ngufdi lao
dpng"'^'.
Cung can lufu y rang, hoi nhap KTQT
cung ed nhdng tac dong tieu
cUc
den
qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua
nufdc ta.
Truac het, hoi nhap KTQT tao ra
nhdng de dpa va thach thdc ve an ninh
kinh te; an ninh khoa hpc, cong nghe;
an ninh sinh thai; an ninh chinh tri -
tif
tufdng va van hda ddi vdi chdng ta. ',i\
Thii
hai, hoi nhap KTQT eon tao ra
tinh trang "chay mau chat xam" td nufdc
ta chay sang cac nufdc phat trien. Nhdng
tri thdc cd trinh dp cao, nhdng eong
nhan lanh nghe muon chuyen sang lam
viec cho cac cong ty nufdc ngoai. Day la
mot thach thdc khong nhd ddi vdi nufdc
ta, lam cho nguy ea tut hau ve phat trien
cang xa han.
Thii
ba, hoi nhap KTQT, mot mat

do hoi
nhap KTQT mang lai mdi d dang kha
nang, con nhdng thach thdc do nd dem
lai thi da hien hdu. De tan dung dufpc
CO
hoi, han che, ngan ngda dufpc nhdng
thach thdc do hoi nhap KTQT dem lai,
doi hoi toan Dang, toan dan, mdi can
bp,
dang vien phai ed gang no
life
het
sife
minh, trufdc bet can thifc hien ddng
bp mot sd
gidi
phap chu yeu sau:
- Phdi chu dong hoi nhap
KTQT.
Hoi nhap KTQT dang la xu the khach
quan cua thdi dai va cung la yeu cau
khach quan eua qua trinh xay
d^i^g
CNXH. Do vay, chung ta khong the
trong chd, y lai, thu dong ma phai chu
dong hoi nhap. Chu dong the hien d ehd,
phai ed bifdc di, cd
16
trinh, cd eac giai
phap thich hpp cho tdng bufde di, tdng 16

xa hoi. Phai tinh va
lifdng
trifdc difpe
nhdng nguy ea, nhdng thach thdc do hoi
nhap KTQT dat ra. Khong coi nhe
ha't
cd nguy ca, thach thdc nao.
- Phdi
viia
chu dong ma rong thi
trubng quoc
tedi
phat huy Ipi the so
ai,,2,va«,
BCSVN,
Sdd,
tr.180-181
sanh tang cufdng xuat khau, phdi viia chu
dong hodn thien vd md rong thi trUang
trong
nude
de thu hut dau
tif,
c6ng nghe,
kinh nghiem quan ly, td chde san xuat
eua cac nadc tien tien. Thifc hien tdt
phufang cham ma Dai hoi X cua Dang
de ra: "Phai tich
cifc
md rpng thi trifdng

de xay difng
nhanh
ke^t
cau ha tang va phat trien
CO
hieu qua mot so' nganh va san pham
thiet
yeu"'^'.
Thii
tu, trong qua trinh hoi nhap
KTQT phai phat huy cao dp ngudn
life
trong nifdc, ddng thdi tranh
tbii
tdi da
ngudn
life
ben ngoai. Ket hpp chat che
gida npi lac va ngoai
life
tao thanh ngudn
life
tdng hpp eho phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi va xay difng CNXH. Trong do, la'y
phat huy ngudn
life
trong nadc lam nong
cdt ed y nghia quyet dinh, lay tranh thu
tdi da ngudn
life

ddi vdi
sif
phat trien; ddng
thdi coi trpng huy dong eac ngudn ngoai
life,
thdng qua hoi nhap va hpp tac qu6'c
te,
tranh thu eac ngudn
life
ben ngoai
de phat huy npi
life
manh ban, nham
tao ra sdc manh tdng hpp de phat trien
dat nifde
nhaiih
va ben vdng, tren ca sd
gid vdng dpe lap dan tpc va dinh hufdng
XHCN"'".
- Trong hoi nhap KTQT can qudn
triet tot phuang cham: binh ddng, ton
trong
Idn
nhau vd
ciing
co lai. Thifc
hien phufang cham nay de Viet Nam trd
thanh ban, thanh ddi tac tin cay cua cac
nifdc trong cong ddng qud'c te, tham gia
tich

trong kinh doanh cho ta.t ca cae doanh
nghiep.
Nhuf vay, doi vdi Viet Nam hien nay,
chu dong va tich
eife
hoi nhap KTQT
trong bdi canh TCH da trd thanh xu the
khach quan. Thife hien tdt
nlidng
giai
phap tren, chung ta ed the tranh thii,
tan dung, khai thae tdi da nhdng
Ipi
the,
nhdng
cP
hoi thuan
Ipi,
ddng thdi co the
ngan ngda, ban che, khac phuc va vifpt
qua difpe nhdng thach thdc, nguy ca, kho
khan do hoi nhap KTQT dem lai. Vdi
nhdng ufu the ma chu dong, tich
eife
hoi
nhap KTQT mang lai, day dufpc coi nhuf
mot giai phap va dong
life
phat trien cua
CNXH Viet

cua dong dao nhan dan.
Nha't the hda la phan edng trach
nhiem dang vien, can bp, cong chde rd
rang, minh bach, gidp eho hp vdng tin
hanh xd eong vu nhanh nhay theo tham
quyen difpe giao, khac phuc tinh trang
dun day, dufa dam; tao dieu kien phat
huy dan chu, nang cao trach nhiem ky
cufang trong viec thufc hien quyen lufc cua
nhan dan. Dd edng la mot trong nhdng
npi dung nang cao hieu lufc, hieu qua
lanh dao cua Dang, quan
ly
cua bp may
nha
nufdc.
•