GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
Các động từ phải có V-ING theo sau Các động từ phải có TO-V theo sau Các động từ + O + To -infinitive
1. avoid (tránh ) + V-ING
2. admit (thừ a nhận )
3. advise (khuyên nhủ )
4. appreciate (đánh giá )
5. complete ( hoàn thành )
6. consider ( xem xét )
7. delay ( trì hoãn )
8. deny ( từ chối )
9. discuss ( thảo luận )
10. dislike ( không thích )
11. enjoy ( thích )
12. finish ( hoàn thành )
13. keep ( tiếp tục )
14. mention (đề cập )
15. mind ( phiền , ngại )
16. miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ )
17. postpone ( trỉ hoãn )
18. practice (luyện tập )
19. quit (nghỉ , thôi )
20. recall ( nhắc nhở , nhớ )
21. recollect ( nhớ ra )
22. recommend (nhắc nhở )
23. resent (bực tức )
24. resist (kháng cự )
25. risk ( rủi ro )
26. suggest (đề nghị )
27. tolerate (tha thứ )
28. understand ( hiểu )
29. can’t help (ko thể tránh / nhịn được )

17. learn ( học )
18. manage (sắp xếp )
19. mean (ý định )
20. need ( cần )
21. offer (đề nghị )
22. plan ( lên kế hoạch )
23. prepare ( chuẩn bị )
24. pretend ( giả vờ )
25. promise ( hứa )
26. refuse ( từ chối )
27. seem ( dường như )
28. struggle (đấu tranh )
29. swear ( xin thề )
30. threaten (đe doạ )
31. volunteer ( tình nguyện )
32. wait (đợi )
33. want ( muốn )
34. wish ( mong )
Ex : We agree to start early
1. advise (khuyên ) + O + TO - V1
2. allow ( cho phép )
3. ask ( yêu cầu )
4. beg ( van xin )
5. cause ( gây ra )
6. challenge ( thách thức )
7. convince ( thuyết phục )
8. dare ( dám )
9. encourage ( khuyến khích )
10. expect ( mong đợi )
11. forbid ( cấm )

as a woman.
To decide to do sth: quyết định làm gì
To decide to disguise: quyết định hóa trang
3. I am prepared (wait)…
to wait ……………………. here all night if necessary.
To be prepared to do sth= to be ready to do sth: sẵn sàng làm gì
4. Would you mind (show)……
showing
……. me how (work)……
to work
… the lift?
How to do sth: cách để làm gì
5. After (walk)……
walking …… for three hours we stopped to let the others
(catch up) ………
catch up
…………with us.
To let + sb + bare verb = to allow sb to do sth: cho phép/để ai làm gì
To make sb + bare verb = to force sb to do sth: bắt ai làm gì
6. I am beginning (understand)………
to understand / understanding
…………….
what you mean.
To begin/to start/to commence + Ving/ To V: bắt đầu làm gì

To forbid + Sb + to V: cấm ai làm gì
12. I consider you (be)………
to be………
my best friend.
To consider + Sb + to be……: coi ai là…………
To consider Ving: xem xét việc gì
13. Have you ever considered (travel)……
traveling
…

………around the world.
14. He recommended me (go) …
to go
……… to bed early.
To recommend Sb to V: khuyên ai làm gì
To recommend Ving: đề nghị, đề xuất việc gì
15. I wouldn’t recommend you (stay)……
to stay
…

………at that hotel.
16. I recommended (repair)……
repairing
……… the car.
17. He recommended (wait)…
waiting ………….for him some more minutes.
18. We recommended (turn)……

to avoid
(recognize) …
being recognized
24. I tried (persuade)…
to persuade
………… him (agree)……
to agree
……… with
your proposal.
25. Your windows need (clean)…
cleaning
…

…….; would you like me (do)…
to do
……
them for you?
Like có thể cộng với 1 Ving với í thích như 1 thói quen
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Nhưng: “Would like + to V/ Sb to do sth”:thích làm gì/ thích ai đó làm gì
26. I can’t help (sneeze)…
sneezing…
………; I caught a cold yesterday from (sit)
…
sitting…
…… in a draught.
Can’t help Ving: không thể dừng/ không thể không làm gì
Draught (n): luồng gió ở trong phòng
27. Do stop (talk)……talking…… ; I am trying (finish)… to finish…… a letter.
28. His doctor advised him (give up) ……to give up……. (smoke)….smoking…….

39. I suggest (telephone)…telephoning…………. the hospitals before (ask)……
asking………. the police (look)………to look……… for him.
To suggest Ving: đề nghị làm việc gì
40. After (hear)……hearing……… the conditions I decided (not enter)……not to
enter………. for the competition.
To decide not to enter for N: quyết định không đăng kí tham dự
41. Some people seem (have)…to have……… a passion for (write)…
writing…………… to the newspapers.
42. I tried (pacify)…to pacify…………. him but he refused (be pacified)……to be
pacified……… and went on (grumble)……grumbling………
Pacify (v): give comfort to: an ủi
Grumble (v): cằn nhằn, phàn nàn
To refuse to V: từ chối làm gì
To try to V: cố gắng làm gì
To try Ving: thử làm gì
43. He postponed (make)…making……… a decision till it was too late (do )………to
do……. anything.
To postpone Ving: trì hoãn làm việc gì
It is + too + adj + to V: … quá ……… để làm gì……….
It is + adj + enough + to V: … đủ……… để làm gì……….
44. Imagine (have)…having…. (get up)……to get up…… at five a.m. every day!
To imagineVing: tưởng tượng làm việc gì
To have to V: phải làm gì
At + giờ: vào lúc mấy giờ
45. I have never imaged him (be)…being………so rude.
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Tôi chưa bao giờ tưởng tượng anh ta lại thô lỗ đến vậy
To imagine + O + Ving
46. Try (forget)…to forget…. it. It isn’t worth (worry)…being worried…about.
It is worth Ving: đáng để làm gì

+ O + bare V:
Nghe thấy/ nhìn thấy/cảm thấy/ quan sát thấy/ để ý thấy ai đó làm gì (chỉ 1 cách trọn vẹn
sự việc)
Vd: I heard Mai play the piano (Tôi đã nghe trọn vẹn cuộc biểu diễn của Mai)
To hear/to see/to watch (quan sát)/ to notice (để ý thấy)/ to observe (quan sát thấy) + O +
Ving: Nghe thấy/ nhìn thấy/ quan sát thấy/ để ý thấy ai đó làm gì (nhưng chỉ 1 phần của sự
việc, chúng ta thường hay dịch là “đang”)
Vd: I heard Mai playing the piano (Tôi nghe thấy Mai đang chơi piano, có thể cô ấy đã
chơi từ trước đó rồi và tôi đi ngang qua thì nghe thấy)
57. - Did you remember (book)…to book…… seats for the theatre tomorrow?
- Yes, I have the tickets here. Would you like (keep) …to keep………….them?
I am inclined (lose)…to lose……… theatre tickets.
To book : đặt (vé, chỗ ngồi…)
Khác với “like” có thể cộng với To V hoặc Ving, “Would like” chỉ có thể đi với To V, và
có nghĩa là : thích làm gì
To be inclined to V= To be likely to V: có thiên hướng, có xu hướng làm gì
Vd: It is likely to rain (Trời có khả năng sắp mưa)
58. Try (avoid) …to avoid……… (be)………being…. late. He hates (be)……being…
kept (wait)…waiting……
To keep Sb Ving: bắt ai làm gì
59. I didn’t know how (get) …to get to your house so I stopped (ask)… to ask
… the way.
60. I wish my refrigerator would stop (make)…making……… that horrible
noise. You can’t hear anyone (speak)…speak………
61. Did you remember (lock)……to lock……… the door?
No I didn’t. I’d better (go)……go…… back and (do)……do…… it now.
Các động từ khuyết thiếu Had better = should = ought to + bare V: nên làm gì
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62. You still have a lot (learn)……to learn……. if you’ll forgive my (say)……
saying…… so.

(ask)…asking…. permission and promised never (do)…to do……… it again.
73. I didn’t mean (offend)…to offend…… anyone but somehow I succeeded in
(annoy)……annoying………. them all.
To mean to V: cố í làm gì
To mean + Ving: có nghĩa là làm gì
Vd: Living means trying (sống có nghĩa là cố gắng)
74. We decided (buy)………to buy……… a new car.
75. They've got some work (do)…to do……….
76. He'd like (fly) …fly…………….an aeroplane.
77. I enjoy (write)…writing ………… picture postcards.
78. Do you know what (do)……to do…………… if there's a fire in the shop?
79. I dream about (build) …building…………… a big house.
80. I'm hoping (see)……to see…………. Lisa.
81. I can't imagine Peter (go) …going………… by bike.
82. The question is easy (answer)……to answer ………
Thông thường thì It is + adj+ to V
83. Are you thinking of (visit) …visting…………… London?
84. The teacher expected Sarah (study) ………to study……….hard.
To
expect Sb to V: mong chờ ai làm gì
85. I learned (ride) …to ride……………the bike at the age of 5.
86. He spent all his morning (repair)……repairing……… his bike.
To spent (dùng) / to waste (lãng phí) + time/money +Ving
87. Rachel accused Tony of (steal)……stealing………… her laptop.
To accuse Sb of Ving: kết tội ai làm gì
88. The students ought to (learn)……learn……………harder.
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89. If she catches you (read)……reading………… her diary, she’ll be furious.
To catch/to find/to leave + O + Ving: bắt được/thấy/rời lại ai làm gì
Vd: I left her talking to her mother.

108. Did you see that lovely old car ……going………….(go) past a moment ago?
(ch
ỉ tình cờ thấy 1 phần của hành động)
109. It is important for her ……to ring…………………(ring) the office.
110. They let the children ………stay………… (stay) up late at weekends.
111. I would rather ……… stay…………… (stay) at home this Sunday.
112. The children are eager ………to see………………(see) their parents.
113. I keep ……getting………… (get) this pain in my leg. I think I had better……
see………….(see) a doctor.
114. He refused……to allow…….(allow) her……to think……… (think) for herself.
(Anh ta từ chối cho phép cô ấy nghĩ cho riêng bản thân mình.)
115. You can’t help ……liking………………(like) Sandra King.
Can’t help Ving: không thể không/ không thể ngừng được
116. Will you remind me ………to post…………(post) this letter when we go past
the post office?
To remind Sb to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
117. The goods ought ……to be delivered……………….(deliver) two weeks ago.
118. She wasted lots of money ……buying…….(buy) things she has never used.
119. I have come ………to realize…………… (realize) the secret of happiness.
To come to realize: bắt đầu nhận ra
120. Peter is very funny. He makes us (laugh)…laugh……… a lot.
(anh ấy làm cho chúng tôi cười rất nhiều.)
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Exercise 2: Choose the best answer:
1. Ken spends most of his spare time…… c ………the Net.
a. surf b. to surf c. surfing d. having surfed
2. It’s no use……c………a foreign language if you don’t practice it.
a. learn b. to learn c. learning d. having learnt
3. She made the children ………a…… their hands before every meals.
a. wash b. to wash c. washing d. having

Gerund ,Present Participle, perfect participle or perfect gerund.
1. She admitted ( kill) her husband.
2. I regret ( write) ………… her that letter.
3. I enjoy ( play)…… tennis with my friends.
4. Martin denied (see) …… the accused man on the day of the
crime.
5. ( Tell) …… me that she would never speak to me again , she
picked up her stuff and stormed out of the house.
6. – Will you enter for the next eloquence contest?
- (Win) ……… twice , I don’t want to try again. Let’s give chances
to other.
7. ( Improve ) ……. her English Pia’s promotion prospects are much
better.
III. ViÕt l¹i nh÷ng c©u sau b»ng c¸ch thay thÕ phÇn in nghiªng
víi PerfecParticiple mµ nghÜa ko ®æi.
1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
-> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mother’s permission and then went out to play.
->………………………………………………………………………………………
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn’t drive home himself.
->………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
->………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
->………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the
morning.
->………………………………………………………………………………………
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the

23. I ………………(be) sorry that I had hurt him.
24. After they had gone, I …………………(sit) down and …………….(rest).
25. He …………………… (die) after he ……………… (be) ill a long time.
26. As soon as you …………… (go), I …………….(want) to see you again.
27. Before you ………….(go) very far, we found that we …………(lose) our way.
28. My friend ……………(not see) me for many years when I met him.
29. My father ………………….(tell) me he ………….(give) up smoking.
30. He ………………(be) late because he ………………(have) an accident.
Perfect Gerund or …Present Participle
1. When the painter felt the ladder beginning to slip, he grabbed the
gutter to save him from falling.
2. Knowing that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.
3. Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire to go there.
4. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied
having been in the area on the night of the fire.
5. I noticed a lorry coming down the hill.
6. The girl lay screaming on the grass.
7. I observed a blue car driving very fast towards the motorways.
8. I hate seeing a child cry.
9. I caught him climbing over my wall.
10. We soon got the machine worked again.
11. They left the restaurant, having spent two hours over lunch.
12. I saw a man’s hat floating in the river this morning.
13. The police noticed the robbers leave the bank.
14. I never hear my close friend, Hai swear.
15. We are made to work very hard by the new boss.
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16. Smoking is a bad habit.
17. We are looking forwards to hearing from you soon.
18. I hear you are preparing to leave for Australia.