Bài giảng môn học Phương pháp tính - Pdf 14




TR
: 






 


 17201
TRÌNH 
DÙNG CHO SV NGÀNH : 





n cho các bài toán







 

TS
LT
TH/Xemina
BT
KT

10
8
2

0


15
10
4

1


1


1


2
1 

2
1 


2
1 

3
1 
12
8
3

1


4
1 

4
2 


3
1 
60
42
15

3 




- Anh, 
- 
- 


- 
- Sinh 






1. 
7

10

12
 
14

14
2. 2
14
2. 3. 
17
2. 4. 
20
2. 
26
2. (Newton)
28

33
3: 
34

34

34
3. 3.  Newton
35

6. 
54
 
60

60

62

64

65

Bài gi 
2




1.1. 


1. 






 , . 
a.  



 

. 
Aa 



(









 ).  , nên không
. Do 






a











 
a
 . 













a
  

( 1.1) 



:
a - 
a  A 

a
(1.3)
2. 



:

a
Aa 

A
Aa
 (

). 










 .

a
( 1.4) 


a
, 
a
( 1.5) 




a
.
Do ( 1.5) nên ( 1.2) :
A= a ( 1  
a
) (1.6)





a





 . 

: 





 = 10



a
= 0,05 

 = 2


b
= 0,05m. 


. 

















 , 














  . 



s
0 9, 



65,807 :
65,807 = 6.10
1
+ 5.10
0
+ 8.10
-1
+ 0.10
-2
+ 7.10
-3







( 1.7) 

:

1
= 6, 
o

. 
a
 0,5 .10
s

s


 

, 
a
>
0,5 .10
s

s




.






























a
.




. 













. 
, v v 









.
1.3. S




1. 
















 , 









 

 . 
















 







, 



5 


























 a) 62,827; 








 h 62,83;  (



aa '





. 


a
:

aa '
 

( 1.8)
, .


. 

:
- - a + a - A


:

















.
3. 








:  = (
2
- 1 )
10


(1.10) 


2




c 

(

1.1):
Bng 1.1
2







1,4
0,0001048576
33,8
1,41
0,00013422659
10,02
1,414





























 . 


Dx, dy, 





, y, u

x

y

u
, y, u. 



(1.1) 

:
x
 
x
;
y
 
y
(1.12)
Ta 
u


y


: 
x+y

x

y
(1.13)



:
u
 
u
.
Bài gi 
6




:



yx 










 . 












.
3. 




x
+
x

y



: 
u
=
u
u

=
xy
xy
yx


=


x
x
y
y




)
= n
x
;

 (1.15)
4. 



/y ()










:




 









u
=
x
i
n
n
f



1

i
( 1.17)

u




(1.4)
: (





, theo (1.14) (1.15) 

:

v
= 

+ 3
d


d
= 0,05/3,7 =0,0135
Suy ra: 
V
= 0,0005 + 3.0,0135 = 0,04




: V=
6
1

3
= 26,5 cm
3



















 
















 

. 










 . 
















 . 

 
.
2. 
a) T:
A =
3
1
1
-
3
2
1
+
3
3
1
-
3
4
1
+
3
5
1
-
3
6











:
3
1
1
=
1
1
= 1,000 


1

= 0
3
2
1
=
8
1
= 0,125 

4

= 4.
4
10


Bài gi 
8
3
5
1
=
125
1
= 0,008 


5

= 0

3
6
1
=
216






 125,0
2
1
3
+






 037,0
3
1
3

-






 016,0
4

1
1
3

+
125,0
2
1
3

+
037,0
3
1
3

+
016,0
4
1
3

+
008,0
5
1
3


+




a = 0,899 9.
4
10

:
= 0,899

9.
4
10

( 1.18 )
b) T



:
B =
3
1
1
-
3
2
1
+
3







. 











 , 












-
3
2
1

 
1
1


n
3
1
n


n
B








 . 
n
BB 



), 

= 6 :

3
3
6
10.3
334
1
7
1

 BB

Bài gi 
9





6
B
= 


6
B
+ A - 0,899
899,0899,0
6
 ABBB

343
10.410.910.3899,0

B










,0
899 















. Bài gi 
10
1












NH
1. 




.

. 











.






















 , 
















.
2. 

y





y
i
~
. :
y
y
i
i

( 1. 20 )



i+1



y
~
i + 1


:
y
~
i + 1

(
)
~
yy
ii




:
y
i
~
2
= q
y
i
~
1

;
y
i 2
= q
y
i 2





)

Bài gi 
11










:

y
ni
~

-
y
ni
= q
n
(
y

y
1
~

=  
 + 



yy
nini 

~
=
q
n








;
1. 





2. 




q
 1 - 
q
n



q
n
 , 

yy
nini 

~
  khi n  












 


, 




































 : a = 21
o

o
. T

2. 
:
a = 13267 ; 
a
= 0,1%
b = 2,32 ; 
b
= 0,7%
3. 
:
a = 0,39410;

a






  :
a) 2,1514; b)0,16152;
c)0,01204; d) - 0,0015281.
6. 






















17
1

8. : e = 1 +
!1
1
+
!2
1
+ +
!
1
n
+






10
-4


1. 
a
= 0,13.10
-4
; 
b

-4
;  = 0,33.10
-2

d) -0,00153;  = 0,19.10
-5
;  = 125. 10
-2

6. a) u = 0,81; 
u
= 0,27. 10
-2
; 
u
= 0,33. 10
-2

b) u = 3,665; 
u
= 0,7. 10
-2
; 
u
= 0,20. 10
-2

7. S = 0,511.
8. e = 2,7183  0,0001.


:
f(x) = 0 (2.1)


: 









.








 (2.1)  (2.1) 



 
:
f() = 0 (2.2)





= 0  


= . 



(2.3) 

:
0 = f() (2.4) 2-1









(2.1) 



g(x) = h(x) (2.5)






2 (2-2)
y = g(x), y = h(x) (2.6)

=  :
g() = h() (2.7)





















 (2.1) 














 . 

:




2.1 - 

2 



(a<b) sao cho f(a) (b) 
f(a).f(b) < 0 (2.8)


 (x) 

 [a, b]  [a, b] 


(2.1).










 . 



 (2.1) 








[a, b]. 2-3

4. ( )

2.2

x
y











.














:








 [a, b]. 


[a, b] 











 


(2.1).
(x) 


 







 2.3 - [a, b]  (x) 

, 



 (x)




 (a), f(b)  [a, b] 
 (2.1)







  (2.1) 












y 

.
 : 









(x). , và

2
- 1 = 0 = 
3
1



 thiên
x
-


x
A
B
Bài gi 
17


: M = f (-
3
1
) = -
33
1
+
3
1
- 1 <0

















(2.9) 2-5





















 





 [a,
b]. 


x
 [a, b]   


< b - a. 










 . 



f(c)  0.  (c) 




f(a)  . (c)  (a) 






[a, c]. (c) (a)  [c,




 [a, b] 











,  [a
2
, b
2
],  [a
1
, b
1
] 



 [a, b] 
[a
1,
, b
1
] :
b
2
- a
2
=
2
1
(b
1
- a









 , 




[a
n
, b
n
], [a, b] 1/2
n
[a, b] :
a
n
   b
n
; b
n
- a
n
=
n


n
ab
2
)( 
(2.11)








, a
n
hay b
n
.
Khi n

 
n
 , b
n
 . 








.
2. 
(2.9)


















  




[1, 2]. 

3
2
-
2
3
- 1 > 0 (1). 

  [1, 3/2].


 [1, 3/2], 



 5/4. 

(5/4) < 0,  (1). 

 
[5/4, 3/2].


 [5/4, 3/2], 



 11/8. 

(11/8) > 0, (5/4).








 21/16 = 1,3125 hay 43/32 = 1,34375 
 t1/2
5
= 1/32 = 0,03125.
Bài gi 
19
 5 







 [1,2] 2 - 1 = 1, ( 

 (2.10) 
(2.11)).

3. 

= (a+b)/2, (c)
f(c)f(a)< 0
Thay b=c
Thay a=c
= b - a
e < 


:
  a
  b

-
a
< 

-
b
< 




 phân ly [a,b];






(2.1) 

:
X =  (x) (2.12)
(2.1)







0
 [a,b]  
n
theo quy
:
x
n
=  (x












n
 



. 




n











2.4 - 

(2.13)(2.14) 
1) [a,b] y 

 (2.1) 





(2.12):
2)
n
(2.13) (2.14)  [a,b]:
3) (x) :
| q <1, a<x<b (2.15)






.







:
 - x
n
= () -  (x
n-1
) (2.17)


















.
Bài gi 
(2.17) 

:
 - x
n
= (c)(  - x
n-1
) (2.18)


= a + ( - x
n-1
)  (a,b)


(2.15) 

|  q < 1. 

(2.18) cho:
| - x
n
| = | - x
n-1
|  q|- x
n-1
|




n-1
|  q | - x
n-2
|

| - x
2
|  q| - x
1
|
| - x
1
|  q| -x
0
|













| - x
n






 3)  2.4  2) 







0
:
G|  q < 1.
(x) > 0 






0
 [a,b] 







( ) 










(a). 











(2.17)
4. 








 :










:
a) Công thư
́
c đa
́
nh gia
́
sai sô
́
thư
́
nhâ
́
t:





:
|  - x
n
| 
q
q
1
| x
n
- x
n-1
| (2.23)
























2.5 

.




2.5. 
F (x) = 0 (2.24)
 [c,d] 
X
 [c,d] 












(X) = 0 

:
F (
X
) = F (
X
) - F(X)
Á



(2.18) :
F (
X
) = F' â (
X
- X)


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