0ệFOệF


3KQ7QJTXDQYYWLQK

&KQJ*LẽLWKLáXWKQJWLQYáWLQKĐ1


6ĐKQKWKqQKYqSKtWWULQ



Đ2.

9WLQK&tFNKtLQLPFnErQYWKmQJWLQYWLQK

,.KzLQLPYWLQKYwWKsQJWLQYWLQK



,,4Xv{RYWLQK



Đ3.

izFpLPWKmQJWLQYWLQK




1KLWvW{SqP


+VSKPFKWFƠDWU{PPWvW


7VVQJPDQJQKLWvW{SqP


1KLWvW{SqP


7VVQJPDQJW{SqP


7VWQKLXW{SqP


7VOLEWW{SqP



&KQJ,,

.ịWKXWWUX\QWLQWURQJWKQJWLQYáWLQK

Đ1.
.êWKXWJKSNlQK


,.KzLQLPYw\rXFXWUX\QKS


,,3KutQJSKzS7'0$


1JX\zQO
&XWUảFNKXQJ
,,,3KutQJSKzS)'0$


+WKơQJ66%)'0)0)'0$
+WKơQJ66%6&3&)0)'0$
+WKơQJ3&07'036.)'0$
,93KutQJSKzS&'0$


7ULSKêWUẳFWLS
7ULSKêJLQWLS
93KutQJSKzS6'0$


9,3KutQJSKzSWUX\FSQJXQKLrQ


3K}|QJSKS$/2+$
3K}|QJSKS6$/2+$
3K}|QJSKSWUX\QKSQJXQKLzQWKHRNKHWKđLJLDQ
~xQJN


+WKơQJYWLQK/(26$5
+WKơQJYWLQK*(26$5
,,,7KLWEvXFXL


%HDFRQ0+]
%HDFRQ0+]
Đ3.
1JX\lQOôKRuWpQJFKXQJYqQJX\lQOô[tFpQKYWU%HDFRQ


,1JX\rQOKR{WvQJFKXQJ&RVSDV6DUVDW


,,1JX\rQO[zFvQKYWU%HDFRQ



&KQJ,,1*+,1&8VXQJX\QOòKRWậQJKáWKấQJ
&RVSDV6DUVDW

Đ1.
1JX\lQOôSKtWWQKLXF~SFƯXWÊSKDR


,+R{WvQJ%HDFRQEzRQ{Q0+]


'QJWÂQKLXSKWOzQYWLQK

EiQWHQ6DUVDW
9WLQK*(26$5
%FKX\QWLS*(260+]
%FKX\QWLS,16$7*(26$50+]
%FKX\QWLS/81&+0*(26$5
%FKX\QWLS06*
.WKSKRW~QJ/(2*(2
,,+R{WvQJFƠDWU{P/87

/(2/87
*(2/87
Đ3.
3KLKS[ÔOôWURQJFmQJWtFWPNLPYqFƯXQuQ

1JX\rQOKR{WvQJFƠD0&&

&zF\rXFXKR{WvQJFƠD0&&



/èLPâX
1JQKJLDRWK{QJYQWLOPWWURQJQKQJQJQKUD~đLWáUWVP7á[D[}D
FRQQJ}đL~ELWWKXQKRQKQJORLYWWKQKQKQJSK}|QJWLQYQFKX\Q
1K}QJ QKX FX ~L OL Y YQ FKX\Q KQJ KR QJ\ FQJ FDR SK}|QJ WLQ YQ
FKX\QWUX\QWKơQJQ\NK{QJFÔQNKQxQJ~SằQJQKDQKYWKXQWLQ9LVẳ
WLQEFDNKRDKăFNWKXWFRQQJ}đL~WRUDQKQJSK}|QJWLQYQWLEQJ
QKQJWKLWEÊP\PĐFKLQ~LJLảSFKRYLFJLDRWK{QJQJ\FQJWKXQOL
0\ED\WXWKX\QOPWWURQJQKQJSK}|QJWLQ~ĐQĐQJ\FQJWUQzQ
TXDQWUăQJYOQPQKWUWKQKPWQJQK~FOSULzQJ~ĐOQJQKKQJKLY
QJQKKQJNK{QJ


QJq\WKtQJQjP

6LQKYLrQWKFKLQ






3+â1,

7ẩ1*48$197+1*7,19á7,1+
FKwvQJ,*LÔ,7+,87+n1*7,197,1+

Đ1

6KQKWKyQKYySK|WWULQ
w~SằQJYQ~OLzQOFWK{QJWLQJLD~WOLQYWXWKX\QFXơLWKNắ
QạD~XWKNắQJ}đLWDFK\XGẳDYRFFWKLWEÊY{WX\Q7X\QKLzQFFK
WKơQJWKLWEÊQ\FKVạGãQJWơWJQEđFQJ[DWUPEđFKWO}QJWK{QJWLQ
FQJJLPPWYQ~~WUDOSKLFĐPWKWKơQJWK{QJWLQFĐ~WLQF\YFKW
O}QJFDRK|QNKLWXKRW~QJ[DEđ
9RQJ\OQ~XWLzQWUzQWKJLL/LzQ;{~SKĐQJWKQKF{QJ
YWLQKQKyQWR6ẳNLQQ\ERKLXPWNắQJX\zQPLUD~đLlNắQJX\zQYà
WUãQĐ~HPOLUWQKLXNKQxQJPLFKRFRQQJ}đL~FELWOWURQJWK{QJWLQOLzQ
OFQĐLFKXQJYWK{QJWLQKQJKLQĐLULzQJSKãFYãFKRYLFKQKKLDQWRQ
7K{QJWLQYWLQKUD~đLYQKDQKFKĐQJ~}FSGãQJUQJULYFF}X~LP
FDQĐ~ĐO
-



*36*OREDO3RVLWLRQLQJ6\VWHP+WKơQJ~ÊQKYÊWRQFX


*/21$66*OREDO1DYLJDWLRQ6DWHOOLWH6\VWHP+WKơQJYWLQKKQJKL
WRQFX


&263$66$56$7OKWKơQJWK{QJWLQSKãFYãPãF~ÂFK[F~ÊQKYÊWUÂ
WXJSQQ1JRLUDKWKơQJQ\FÔQ~}FVạGãQJ~[F~ÊQKYÊWUÂSKDR
ERQQFDP\ED\YQJ}đLEÊQQ
Đ2.
9WLQK&|FNK|LQLPFvEzQY
WKuQJWLQYWLQK

.KtLQLPYWLQK
-

9WLQKOPWWKLzQWKQKyQWRGRFRQQJ}đLSKĐQJOzQTX~RQKPPãF
~ÂFKWKXWKSWK{QJWLQYTXDQVWFFKRW~QJFDWUL~W
-

0WYWLQKFĐWKWKXSKWVĐQJY{WX\Q~LQVDXNKL~}FSKĐQJYRYà
WUãGQJFKRWK{QJWLQYWLQKNKL~ĐYWLQKVNKXFK~LVĐQJY{WX\Q~LQQKQ
~}FWáFFWUPPW~WYSKWOLVĐQJY{WX\Q~LQ~QFFWUPPW~WNKF
/RLYWLQKQKyQWRVạGãQJFKRWK{QJWLQYWLQKQK}Y\JăLOYWLQKWK{QJWLQ

4XêpuRYWLQK
9WLQKFĐWK~}FSKĐQJOzQFFTX~RFĐ~FDRNKFQKDXPôL~FDR



7URQJTXNKằWK{QJWLQNKRQJFFK[D~}FWKẳFKLQEQJY{WX\QWUzQ
VĐQJ+)KRFKXWX\QWUzQPQJWKRL1K}QJGRGXQJO}QJFFPQJQ\QJ\
FQJTXWLYEWFSWURQJYLFWUX\QWÂQKLXGR~ĐWK{QJWLQYWLQK~}F[HP
QK}PWVẳOẳDFKăQKSO
1K}F~LPFKÂQKFD~}đQJWUX\QYWLQKOWUWUX\QGQGRNKRQJFFK
~LSKWYWLQKY~LWKXO}QJWKđLJLDQWUWUXQJEQKYRNKRQJPVWURQJ
WU}đQJKSWKRLFKLXTXDYWLQKOPVFKRFSKWYWKX7F~QJFKÂQK
FDWUWUX\QGQOKLXằQJWLQJYăQJQK}QJ}đLQĐLQJKHWK\FKÂQKWLQJPQK
VDXNKRQJWKđLJLDQWUKLXằQJQ\WURQJPQJPW~WONK{QJ~QJNGRWU
QKƠPVQK}QJNKLWÂQKLXWUX\QWUzQFYWLQKYPW~WWKWUQ\OWUP
WUăQJGRWUWêQJFQJ1KđVạGãQJFFEWULWWLQJYăQJQzQKLXằQJWLQJYăQJ
~PWSKQ~}FKQFK
&FYWLQKOLzQOFQKđFKX\QWLSTXDYWLQKQĐLFKXQJ~XFĐQKQJ~F
~LPVDX
-

1KQJYQJSKVĐQJOQ~ơLYLSKQWUL~WWá
6
ữ
1FQÂWQKWO
YWLQKY~ơLYLSKQ~ÊDFẳFFKFQVạGãQJYWLQKOFĐWKSKVĐQJWRQE
WUL~W
-

'XQJO}QJWK{QJWLQ OQ GR WK{QJ WLQ Y WLQK FĐ ExQJ WQ UQJ QKđ N
WKXWVạGãQJOLExQJWQYY\WURQJWKđLJLDQQJQFĐWK~W~}FGXQJO}QJ
OQ
-

~ÂFKWPNLPYFằXQQKQJKLWRQFX

Đ4.
&XKQKFĐDKWKQJWKuQJWLQYWLQK

&tFKWKQJFDWKmQJWLQYWLQK

-

+WKơQJFFYWLQK
-

+WKơQJPW~W
-

7KLWEÊQJ}đLVạGãQJ~XFXơL
D

3KQKRW~QJFDYWLQK%DRJâPYWLQKYFFKWKơQJSKãWUQK}K
WKơQJJLPVWWá[DKWKơQJ~LXNKLQ9WLQKKRW~QJQK}PWWUPOS
WKẳFKLQNWQơLPWWUPPW~WYLFFWUPNKF
-

wơLYLYWLQKTX~R~ÊD WĂQKFKFQ Y WLQKO FĐWKSKVĐQJ
~}F
6
ữ
1
-


'(0EJLL~LXFK
%NKXFK~LF{QJVXW+3$+XKWFFENKXFK~LF{QJVXWFDWUP
PW~WOQWK}đQJVạGãQJ~Q.O\VWURQVKRFơQJGQVĐQJFDENKXFK
~LơQJGQVĐQJ%NKXFK~L2'6OPWWKLWEÊExQJUQJYFĐWKVạ
GãQJ~NKXFK~LVĐQJPDQJTXDExQJWQUQJQ\QXOQK|QVĐQJPDQJ
VạGãQJF{QJVXW~XYRFD2'6WKSKLGáQJ~QJxQQJáDFFNWTX
FDVẳWKD\~êLW}|QJKô
-

%~LXFKYJLL~LXFK02'Y'(0
7K{QJWLQTXDPQJOLzQOFY{WX\QFĐWKOWKRLGDWD&FWÂQKLXQ\
FĐWKSKL[ạO~SKKSYLYLFSKW[TXWUQKQ\OTXWUQK[ạO
WÂQKLXGLF|V
-

&FE~êLWQWX\QOzQYWX\Q[XơQJ
&ĐWFGãQJ~êLWQSKKSYLWQVơSKWYWKXFDYWLQK
F

7KLWEÊQJ}đLVạGãQJ~XFXơL~y\FĐWKEDRJâPWKLWEÊOS~WWUzQWX
ELQP\ED\KD\FFWUPPW~WGL~QJWUzQ~WOLQ&F~LQ\WKẳFKLQ
NWQơLYLQKDXKRFYLPQJWK{QJWLQPW~WFơ~ÊQKTXDFFYWLQKYFF
WUPEđPW~W
1J}đLVạGãQJFĐWKGQJFFGÊFKYãWK{QJWLQOLzQOFYWLQKWK{QJTXDFF
WKLWEÊWK{QJWLQYWLQK~XFXơL0ôLWKLWEÊQ\JâPFĐPWxQWHQNPWKHRFF
P\PĐF~LQWạ~LXNKLQYWK{QJWLQ
9

WLQK


VạGãQJOExQJ&ExQJ.
/ExQJWQPL
7URQJ~Đ~}đQJK}QJWáWUPPW~WSKW~QYWLQK~}FJăLO~}đQJOzQ
WX\QOzQ Y ~}đQJ K}QJ Wá YWLQK ~Q WUPPW~WWKX JăL O~}đQJ [XơQJ
WX\Q[XơQJ
wơLYLExQJ&GLWQ*K]
7X\QOzQGLWQ
ữ
*K]Y
ữ
*K]
7X\Q[XơQJGLWQ
ữ
*K]Y
ữ
*K]
%xQJ.

7X\QOzQ
ữ
*K]Y
ữ
*K]
7X\Q[XơQJ
ữ
*K]Y
ữ
*K]

ữ




E

7QVơ
D7KxQJJLQJ
~LQO\
E6X\KDRGR
P}D
F &F FKW NKÂ
+VơVX\
KDR
&ạDVêY{
7X\Q[XơQJ*K]
%xQJWQPL
7X\QOzQ
ữ
*K]
7X\Q[XơQJ
ữ
*K]
7URQJWK{QJWLQKQJKLVạGãQJExQJ&FKRWUPEđPW~WYLYWLQKY
ExQJWQ/FKRJLDYWLQKYLFFWUPGL~QJPW~W

,,iUQJEjQJW{Q

wơLYLWK{QJWLQYWLQKQJ}đLWDVạGãQJOLExQJWQ~LXQ\ FKRSKS
QyQJFDRJLWUÊKLXGãQJOzQ0+]Y~}FWKẳFKLQWKHRKDLFFKVDX
-

7
1KLW~WSyPơQJGQVĐQJYSKL~|
7
1KLW~WSyPKWKơQJWKX
1XFĐVX\KDRSKL~|YơQJGQVĐQJO/7
OQKLW~WLzXFKXQ .
WD~}FQKLW~WSyPKWKơQJWÂQKWKHRF{QJWKằFVDX
7
7 //7 7
+VSK|PFK~WWUuPPzWp~W*7
+VơSKPFKWFDWUPPW~WFDWK{QJWLQYWLQKOPWJLWUÊTXDQ
WUăQJQĐLOzQNKQxQJKRW~QJFDWUP~}FELXGLQEQJWắVơJLDKVơ
NKXFK~LxQWHQYQKLW~WSyPKWKơQJWÂQKWKHRG%
.

7âVVQJPDQJWUlQQKLWpWuSkP
7ắVơVĐQJPDQJWUzQQKLW~WSyPOWắVơF{QJVXWVĐQJPDQJWUzQQKLW
~WêQJWSyPW}|QJ~}|QJWL~XYRKWKơQJWKXWURQJ~ĐQKLW~WSyP~}F
WÂQKWáFFWKDPVơVDX~y\Y~}FTX\Y~XYRFDEWKXWSyPWKS
wLXFKW}|QJKôFDKWKơQJSKW
*7FDKWKơQJWKXWUzQYWLQK
wLXFKW}|QJKôFDYWLQK
*7FDWUPPW~WWKX
7URQJPW~}đQJOLzQOF~LPQơL~LPF{QJVXWVĐQJPDQJ&
WL~XYR
FDPWxQWHQWKXO
&
*3
Trong đó: G là hệ số khuếch đại của hệ thống
P

)7
) 7 7

~LXNLQQKLW~WURQJSKÔQJO
&WDWKX~}FVẳOLzQTXDQJLDYQKLW
~WSyPW}|QJ~}|QJFDQĐO) 7
7 YL7 .

1KLWpWuSkPjQWHQ
&FEảSSKãFDxQWHQWUPPW~WWKXWWFFFORLWSyPWUzQPW~WY
NK{QJJLDQJy\UDFKRFRQQJ}đLWKLzQQKLzQPWWUxQJPWWUđLKRFGRFFK
WKơQJYLEDWUzQPW~WWáQKLXK}QJNKFQKDX7SyPFDxQWHQ~}F~F
WU}QJELQKLW~WSyPxQWHQ7
QXF{QJVXWWSyPGRxQWHQWKX~}FO3
WURQJGLWQ%WK7
3 .%

7âVVQJPDQJWUlQWuSkP&1
0XơQ[F~ÊQK~}FQJ}QJWKXFDKWKơQJWDSKLELWWắVơVĐQJPDQJ
WUzQWSyP&1WL~XYREJLL~LXFKWLExQJWQPWÂQKLXFKLP7ắVơ
~Đ~}FELXGLQWKHRF{QJWKằFVDX
&1 &.7% &7.%
7URQJ~Đ&ELXWKÊF{QJVXWVĐQJPDQJ~XYR
1X&7WÂQKWKHRG%:.WD~}F
&1 &7/RJNORJ%>G%@N >G%@

ặ
&1 &7lORJ%>G%@

7âVWQKLXWuSkP



,&nVFDYLFJKSNlQK
7K{QJ WLQ Y WLQK WK}đQJ PDQJ UW QKLX ORL WÂQ KLX NKF QKDX EDR JâP
WKRL)D[GDWDwWUQKJy\QKLXWLFFWÂQKLXQ\YLQKDXQJ}đLWDVạGãQJ
NWKXWJKSNzQK~WFKULzQJUFFNzQKNKLYWLQKFKX\QWLSQKLXNzQKWÂQ
KLX
1K}Y\JKSNzQKOJKSQKLX~}đQJKD\QKLXNzQK WÂQKLXFĐWơF~
WKSYYáD~WUX\Q~LWUzQFQJPWNzQKWUX\QGQWÂQKLX
&ĐKDLSK}|QJSKSWKẳFKLQJKSNzQKFKÂQKO
*KSNzQKWKHRWQVơ)'0
*KSNzQKWKHRWKđLJLDQ7'0


*KSNzQKWKHRWQVơ &F WÂQ KLX~}F[ạ O FKLPFF NKRQJWQVơ
ULzQJWURQJJLLWQ QK}QJ ~X ~}F WUX\Q WURQJ FQJ PWWKđL JLDQ 1ĐL
FFKNKFWQVơ~FKX\Q~êLNKLFFWÂQKLXWUX\Q~L~âQJWKđL


*KSNzQKWKHRWKđLJLDQ7WFFFWÂQKLXFĐFQJWQVơQK}QJFKLP
NKRQJWKđLJLDQNKFQKDXWURQJJLLWKđLJLDQ7URQJWU}đQJKSQ\PôL
ExQJWQFKQJKQWLQJQĐL~XQK}QKDXQK}QJWUX\QWUzQNzQKWK{QJWLQ
YRFFWKđL~LPNKFQKDX
&KDLSK}|QJSKS JKSNzQKWUzQ~XFĐWKVạGãQJFKRWÂQKLXVơY
W}|QJWẳQK}QJ7'0GGQJWKẳFKLQYLWÂQKLXVơY)'0GWKẳFKLQK|Q
YLWÂQKLXW}|QJWẳ

,,*KSNlQKWKHRWKLJLDQ7'0

SK}|QJSKSJKSNzQKQ\FĐKDLFFKJKSNzQK

SKÂDWKXFF[XQJO\PXWáFFNzQKULzQJELW~}FWFKUDY~}FSKyQ
SKơLQKđPWEFKX\QPFKNLXTXD\WUÔQQạDJăLOESKyQSKơL
*KSNlQK7'0WQKLXV
7URQJKWKơQJ7'0F|VFF[XQJ3$0JKSFĐWK~}FO}QJWạ~[ạO
WLSWU}FNKLWUX\QGQEQJ3&0KRFFĐWK~}F[ạOWK{QJTXDO}QJWạY
PKR~WUX\QWUẳFWLSEQJF|V
;WKQK


NKXQ
J








) ) )


W


+
WKơ
&KX\Q
PFK
;XQJ

-

&FELW~âQJENKXQJ~}FO\WáEWR[XQJ~[F~ÊQKPWNKXQJKRF
FFWSWÂQKLXWURQJNKXQJ
6DXEWêQJKSNKXQJWÂQKLX~}F~}DTXDNzQKWUX\Q~~}DWLSKÂDWKX
SKÂDWKXWÂQKLX~}F~}DTXDENK{LSKãFWKđLJLDQKD\FÔQJăLOE~ÊQK
WKđL%~ÊQKWKđL~}DUDWÂQKLX
-

7ÂQKLXWK{QJWLQ~}DWLENK{LSKãFNKXQJ
-

7ÂQKLXWKđLJLDQ~}DWLE~LXNKLQOơLUDE~LXNKLQO[XQJ~âQJ
E
%NK{LSKãFNKXQJWKẳFKLQWFKFFELWERKLXYFFWáP~âQJE7ÂQ
KLXUDFDQĐFKÂQKOWÂQKLXVơFDQNzQK6DXEJLLPWDWKX~}FG\[XQJ
3$0FDQNzQKWK{QJWLQYOảFQ\WÂQKLXVơVDXJLLPWUWKQKWÂQKLXW}|QJ
WẳYTXWUQKWLSWKHR~}F[ạOW}|QJWẳQK}JKSNzQK7'0WÂQKLXW}|QJWẳ

,,,*KSNlQKWKHRW{QV)'0

7ÂQKLX~}F[ạO~FKLPFFNKRQJWQVơULzQJWURQJJLLWQ4XWUQK
[ạOQ\PDQJWÂQKKWKơQJ&FNzQKQKW~ÊQK~}FNWKSWKQKFFQKĐPOQ
K|QYFằWLSWãFQK}Y\9LF~WWzQFKRFFQKĐPYYLFEơWUÂVS[SFF
NzQKWURQJFFQKĐPWXẵWKXFWáQJTXơFJLDY~ÊDWKNKFQKDX3KQWUQKE\
G}L~y\WXyQWKHRFFWLzXFKXQFDKWKơQJ%(//YWêFKằF,17(/6$7
1JX\zQOJKSNzQK)'0
%DQ~XWÂQKLXFDWáQJNzQKWKRLW}|QJWẳ~}F~LXFKELzQ~'6%QQ
VĐQJPDQJ'6%6&OzQPWVĐQJPDQJWKÂFKKS7ÂQKLX'6%VDX~Đ~}FOăFEƠ
ELzQWQWUzQYJLOLELzQWQG}LNWTXOFĐ~}FWÂQKLX~|QELzQQQVĐQJ

.K{L
K
%JL
L
%SKyQ
SKơL
%
FKX\Q
NzQKFàQJQK}~|QJLQYLF[ạOOăFNKÂWÂQKLXExQJJơF~}FNK{LSKãFP\
WKX9LFOẳDFKăQELzQWQG}LWURQJTXWUQK~LXFKOP~RQJ}FGQJSKê
FDWÂQKLXExQJJơFQK}QJP\WKXVNK{LSKãFOLWUQKWẳ~ảQJFDGQJSKê
QK}EDQ~X
&FQKĐPF|EQFĐWK~}FSKWWULQWUẳFWLSQK}QJWURQJKXKWFFK
WKơQJWK{QJWLQYWLQKYWURQJPQJPW~WGXQJO}QJNzQK~}FSKWOQK|Q
QKLX+QJ%(//VạGãQJPWKWKơQJOWêKSFDFFQKĐPF|EQNzQKWR
UDFFQKĐPVLzXQKĐPNzQKKRFFKQKĐPNzQKYOQK|QQD7êKS
OQQKWWURQJKWKơQJ,QWHOVDWOVyXQKĐPWURQJ~ĐFFQKĐPF|EQ~}F~LX
FK~|QELzQQQVĐQJPDQJ66%6&ELzQWQWKSOzQPWWQVơVĐQJPDQJWKÂFK
KSVDX~ĐFFWÂQKLX~}FJKSYLQKDXFKLPGãQJExQJWK{QJN+]WáWQ
Vơ
ữ
&FVĐQJPDQJJLQFFKQKDXNKRQJN+]WQVơVĐQJPDQJFD
QKĐPOOQQKWWL.+]SKêFDFFQKĐPF|EQEÊ~RQJ}FNKLWRUD
VLzXQKĐPGR~ĐFFNzQKWURQJVLzXQKĐP~|QWKXQFKOSKLzQEQGÊFKWQFD
WÂQKLXExQJJơFEDQ~X&FVLzXQKĐPWK}đQJFĐNKRQJJLQFFKO.+]

Đ2

&|FSKwvQJSK|SxLXFKWURQJ
WKuQJWLQYWLQK


$PW
$
lWK{QJVơ~LXFK
$
l%LzQ~EDQ~XNKLFK}D~LXFKKD\PW


$lVơJLDELzQ~FẳF~L
PWl7ÂQKLXWLQWằFFKXQ~~LXFK
.KL~ĐWÂQKLX~LXELzQ~}FELXGLQELSK}|QJWUQKVDX
6
W >$

$PW@FRVZ W


$
>

PW@FRVZ W


7URQJ~Đ
A
A
0

=


W $ >

FRV

W@FRVZ W
$
FRVZ W$

>FRV

WFRVZ W@
$
FRVZ W$

>FRVZ

WFRVZ

W@

9\SKêELzQ~FDWÂQKLX~LXFKJâPYFK
-

YFKQP~ảQJWQVơVĐQJPDQJZ
FDWÂQKLXFDRWQFĐELzQ~$
ELzQ~FDWÂQKLXFDRWQ
-

YFKQP~ơL[ằQJQKDXTXDYFKSKêWQVơVĐQJPDQJZ
YÊWUÂFDFF


:
Z
6 Z

$

:
Z





3KẩFểDWQKLáX
à
LXFKãWQKLáXVQJ
PDQJFDRWâQYWQKLáXLXELQYẽLPQ
7DFĐWKSGãQJQJX\zQOFKâQJFKWFKRWáQJYFKQPWURQJNKRQJ

ữ


YằQJGãQJQJX\zQOiwLXFK 'ÊFKSKêjQK}QKQ[WWUzQ/ảF~ĐWD
FĐ~âWKÊSKê
1KQ[W

vX~LPFD~LXFK$0OWKLWEÊWKẳFKLQ~|QJLQYLFJLL~LXFK
NK{QJ\zXFX~âQJESKằFWS7URQJWKẳFWWKQKSKQVĐQJPDQJWK}đQJEÊ
KQFKKRFWULWWLzXGR~ĐOPJLP~QJNF{QJVXWSKWPWNKFKWKơQJ

4XDQK~LXFKJĐF~LXFKWQVơ~LXFKSKD

oLXFKSKD30
FĐWÂQKLX~~LXFKFKXQWF~QJOzQWK{QJVơ~LXFK
OJĐFSKD

OPELQWKLzQWKHRWKđLJLDQGQJ
0Z


Z
) Z

$

Z
6 Z

$

Z






+=

dtwt

@

oLXWQ)0
7ÂQKLX~~LXFKFKXQWF~QJOzQWK{QJVơ~LXFKZOPELQWKLzQ
WKHRWKđLJLDQGQJ
:
W Z

Z PW
Z
WWK{QJVơ~LXFK
Z
JĐFGÊFKSKDEDQ~X


Z
VơJLDGÊFKSKDFẳF~L
7KD\YR !


.KL~ĐELXWKằFWÂQKLX~LXWQ

oLXJF

;WELXWKằFFDWÂQKLX~LXSKDYWÂQKLX~LXWQWDFĐWKWKơQJQKWY
PWVơ~LP~âQJQKWVDX
-

Z
OWQVơFơ~ÊQKEDQ~XWQVơPDQJlNK{QJSKãWKXFWKđLJLDQ

WQXWKD\YRY !
PWFàQJO~LXKR~ơLYL30Y)01JKĂDOằQJYLKPVơ~~LXFK
à
W
FĐSKêWQOPWYFK~|QJLQWQVơ

KD\FÔQJăL
à
WFĐGQJO~|QyP
;F~ÊQKSKêWQFDWÂQKLX~LXFKJĐF
7KD\YR !
I
W $FRV>

VLQ

W@FRVZ Wl$VLQ>

VLQ

W@VLQZ W
6ạGãQJFFKWKằFVDXWURQJOWKX\WSK}|QJWUQK%HW[HQ
&RV>

VLQ

W@ -


-

)
(
)
0
0
0

+
0
).
(

dttmw
FM

7URQJ~Đ-

OFFKP%HW[HQORLN~ơLVơ

7KD\WKFFWULQNKDLKP
%HW[HQYRWDFĐ
)
W $^>-

-

FRV

W-


W@
-


>FRVZ

WFRVZ

W@
-


>FRVZ Q

WFRVZ Q

W@`
wâWKÊWQSKêWÂQKLX~LXFKJĐF
;WWÂQKLX)0
%UQJSKêWÂQKLX~LXFKOPW~|QyP
NKL

)0ExQJKSEUQJSKê%




~GÊFKSKêWÂQKLX

!)0ExQJUQJEUQJSKê%

,,iLXFKV
7URQJPWP\SKWVơE~LXFKVS[SFKXôLGLJLWQKÊSKyQWKQKE
W}|QJằQJ0ELzQ~VĐQJPDQJJLQ~RQSKDVĐQJPDQJKRFGLWQJLQ~RQWá
WQVơVĐQJPDQJKQKVLQ1KQJGQJNKFQKDXWKHRVẳVS[SQ\~~}DUD
ORL~LXFKNKFQKDXwĐO
-

.KRELzQ~$6.
-

.KRSKD36.
-

.KRWQVơ)6.
:


:


:



:



:
:

7¢QKLXV§QJPDQJ6
W $ FRVZ W
ϕ

-

7¢QKLXWLQW»FFQ~LXFKPW 0
!wLXFK36.OOPWKD\~ªL
ϕ

ϕ
>PW@
FFK~|QJLQQKW
ϕ
 
π
0LL 0
Y±L
ϕ
OJ§FSKDW}|QJ»QJY±LP«LV\PERO
GQJV§QJW}|QJ»QJ~¬LY±LP«L6\PEROO
7¢QKLX36.F§WK~W~}²FEQJFFKWªQJK²SOX©QJW¢QKLX$6.YP«L
OX©QJW¢QKLX$6.F§F³QJWQV¬V§QJPDQJFKXQQK}QJOFKSKDQKDXO
π

7»FOF§WKWFKOPOX©QJW¢QKLXO~©QJSKDYYX{QJSKDVDX~§WK¼FKLQ
~LXSKDFKRP«LOX©QJ9FX¬LF³QJWªQJK²SOLSKW~L
/X©QJW¢QKLX~©QJSKD~LXFKV§QJPDQJFRVZ
W
/X©QJW¢QKLXYX{QJSKD~LXFKV§QJPDQJVLQZ

ϕ
 

ϕ
 
π

ϕ
 
π


ϕ
 
π
 
6
W $ VLQZ W 
6
W $ FRVZ W


ϕ
 
π

π

6
W $ FRVZ W

(
2
cos
)
1
(
2
sin
sin
)
1
(
2
cos
cos
)]
1
(
2
cos[
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
−−−=
−−−=

6
6 7ÂQKLXGQJVĐQJFD~LXFK%36.YLVĐQJPDQJFRVZ W
6
6 7ÂQKLXGQJVĐQJFD~LXFK%36.YLVĐQJPDQJVLQZ W
9\~LXFK436.FĐWKWFKWKQKOXâQJWÂQKLX
OXâQJWÂQKLX~âQJSKD~}DYL~LXFKYLVĐQJPDQJFRVZ
W
OXâQJWÂQKLXYX{QJSKD~}DYL~LXFKYLVĐQJPDQJVLQZ
W
6tvvLXFK






FRVZ W
0

6

FRVZ W
0

6
6

W
6


~âQJSKDYYX{QJSKD
vX~LPQêLEWFD436.YQO~}đQJEDRNK{QJ~êLQzQÂWQK\YLPR
SKLWX\QFKRSKSWQGãQJWơL~DF{QJVXWFDESKW~SYWLQKQJRLUDExQJ
WK{QJ\zXFXJLPVRYL~LXFK%36.QzQUWSKKSYLKWKơQJKQFK
SKêWQWắVơOôLELWFàQJW}|QJ~}|QJYL%36.QK}QJKWKơQJQ\FĐKQFKO
\zXFX~âQJEFDRYWKLWEÊWKẳFKLQSKằFWSGRY\JLWKQKFKLSKÂFDRK|Q

Đ3

&|FSKwvQJSK|SxDWUX\QKSWURQJ
WKuQJWLQYWLQK


,.KtLQLPYqFtF\lXF{XWUX\QKS

.WKXWVạGãQJYWLQKFKXQJFKRQKLXWUPPW~WYYLFWxQJKLXTX
VạGãQJFDQĐWLFẳF~LJăLO~DWUX\FS1ĐLFFKNKF~DWUX\FSOSK}|QJ
SKSGQJPWESKW~SWUzQYWLQKFKXQJFKRQKLXWUPPW~W
9Q~~DWUX\QKSQKK}QJWLWWFFFWKQKSKQFDKWKơQJQĐ[F
~ÊQKGXQJO}QJWÂQKPPGRYJLWKQKKWKơQJ
9LFOẳDFKăQNWKXWWUX\QKSFQ[HP[WFF\XWơVDX
-

'XQJO}QJ\zXFX
-

&{QJVXW\zXFX
-

%xQJWK{QJ\zXFX

UW
6

W


6

W


6W
/
ă
FWKX
;
.K{L
SKãF
;



WK{QJWLQYSKLSKyQSKơLFFWQVơFFNKHWKđLJLDQKRFNK{QJJLDQ~FKLD
PWFFKWKÂFKKSFKRWáQJWUPPW~W
7áTXDQ~LPJKSVĐQJPDQJWURQJPWESKW~SYWLQK~DWUX\QKSFĐ
WKFKLDUDGQJVDX
7'0$~DWUX\QKSSKyQFKLDWKHRWKđLJLDQ
)'0$~DWUX\QKSSKyQFKLDWKHRWQVơ
&'0$~DWUX\QKSSKyQFKLDWKHRP


%XUVWWKsQJWLQ
%XUVWWK{QJWLQO%XUVWPDQJWK{QJWLQ~}FSKWWáFF~LWK{QJWLQ1ĐJâP
SKQ
-

SKQPR~X



-

GOLX


&%7%.K{LSKãF~âQJKâYVĐQJPDQJ&F~LSKWNKFQKDXFĐVẳVDL
NKFQKƠYWQVơWơF~ELWQzQ ~LWKXSKLFĐNKQxQJNK{LSKãFFFK
FKÂQK[F WQ VơY WơF ~ELW FD WáQJ EXUVW ~LXQ\ ~W ~}F QKđ WÂQ KLX
&%7%


8:WáGX\QKWw}FVạGãQJ~~QKGXWKđL~LPEW~XFDEXUVW
QKđ~ĐP\WKXFĐWK[F~ÊQKFKÂQK[FWKđL~LPEW~XYWKđL~LPNWWKảF
FDPWEXUVWFàQJQK}YÊWUÂFDFFELWWURQJEXUVWJLảSFKRYLFJLLPFKÂQK
[FWK{QJWLQ0ôL8:W}|QJTXDQ~VRVQKFF8:SKLFĐ[FVXWQKQ
GQJFDRQJD\FWURQJWU}đQJKS[FVXWOôLELWOQ


6&NzQKGÊFKYã&FNzQKQ\PDQJWK{QJWLQ~LXNKLQYTXQOK
WKơQJ~âQJEWLF|FXKWKơQJFQKERJLDFF~LSKWWK{QJWLQYL
QKDXKRFJLDFF~LWK{QJWLQYFF~LFKXQSKWWK{QJWLQ~âQJWKđLWURQJ