NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11
Người gửi:
Thầy: Giang Lương Hùng.
Giáo viên: Tiếng Anh - Trường THPT Nguyễn Trãi.
Email: [email protected]

§1. Both … and …, Not only … but also …, Either … or, Neither … nor …
Revision
 Terms
We call both … and, not only … but also …, either… or, neither … nor pair
conjunctions or correlative conjunctions.
 Parallel structures
The same grammatical form should follow each part of the paired conjunctions.
Both + noun + and + noun/pronoun
Both my sister and I went to Hoang Van Thu High School.
Not only + adj + but also + adj
Trang is not only intelligent but also generous.
Not only + verb + but also + verb
Minh not only saw the famous writer but also spoke to him.
Either + noun + or + noun
Students can choose either English or French in this semester.
Neither + verb + nor + verb
She had promised to visit me, but she neither came nor telephoned.
Subject and verb agreement
• Two subjects connected by both … and … take a plural verb.
Both Tam and Dan work for an instruction company.
• When two subjects are connected by not only … but also, either … or…, neither…
nor…, the second subject determines the form of the verb.
Not only my parents but also my brother is on a trip to Ha Long.
Either the teacher or the students have to make a plan for the class newspaper.
Neither salt nor sugar is necessary for this dish.

5. Neither Mrs. Hoa nor her assistants (be) ………………… at the meeting
yesterday.
6. Not only Trung but also his parents (be expected) ………………… to come to
the ceremony.
C. There is a lack of both, and, not only, but also, either, or, neither or nor in the
following passage. Put a check () where you will find in one of these words and
write the word on the right.
Television is one of the greatest inventions since it helps us
relaxed after a day of work transfers the latest news in the world.
Normally, when we feel tired, we can choose to go out and have
a drink with some friends to sit on the sofa in front of the
television and enjoy the family warm atmosphere. You may say
that you like music programs lengthy soap operas. No problem.
There are many channels for you to choose. Why don’t you try
TV news programs documentaries if you are interested in
enlarging your knowledge? Besides, you can watch live soccer
games that are transferred through satellites listen to lively
comments which you can never hear in the stadium.
However, spending so much time watching television may have
bad effects on parents work and children’s study. Therefore,
parents children should agree on how much time of watching TV
is enough for a day.
………………
………………
………………
………………
………………
………………
………………
………………


§2. Cleft sentences
Revision
 Cleft sentences in the active
• Subject focus: We use cleft sentences to emphasize the subject of the action.
Did your friend give you these earrings?
No. It was my mother that gave me these these earrings.
Instead of saying My mother gave me these these earrings, the speaker says It was
my mother that gave me these these earrings to emphasize that her mother, not her
friend gave her the earrings.
• Object focus: We use the cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the verb.
You went to the book store yesterday, didn’t you? Did you buy this English
book? It looks new.
No. It was this Math book that I bought yesterday. The English book is a
present from my teacher.
Instead of saying I bought this Math book yesterday, the speaker says It was this
Math book that I bought yesterday to emphasize that he bought the Math book, not
the English book.
• Adverbial focus: We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb.
I should be grateful to my sister. It was for me that she quitted school.
Instead of saying she quitted school for me, the speaker says It was for me that she
quitted school to emphasize that his sister sacrificed her study for him.
 Cleft sentences in the passive
• Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice.
I heard that dog bit you yesterday.
No. It was the postman that was bitten by the dog.
Exercises
A. Choose the sentences that can best replace the sentences provided.
1. I was born and grew up in this village.
A. It was this village that I was born and grew up.

it was in the summer
that i gave it a fish
that i asked to carry the luggage for me
that broke the window
it was the bicycle
it was in the winter
that stole the fish
1. It was the boy
2. It was the cat
3. that I learnt the first letter.
4. that was rebuilt that year.
5. it was the taxi driver
6. that my grandpa used when he was young.
7. that birds moved to the south.
8. that my family often went to the seaside.
C. Answer the following questions with the word provided, using cleft sentences.
1. Did you first meet your husband at high school.
(at university)
2. Who did you give the letter to?
(the landlady)
3. It is said that you were on television last night. Is it right?
(my twin sister)
4. I absent-mindedly washed your white T-shirt with the dark blue one. Was your
white T-shirt ruined?
(my white shirt)
5. Your cell phone was stolen, wasn’t it? Do you know who stole it?
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(a monkey)
6. Long time no see. Do you still major in English now?
(French)

The soccer game may be delayed if the weather isn’t better.
• Other modal verbs or any expressions of command can be used according to their
meanings.
If Tuan wants to recover soon, he should stay in bed. (advice)
Please tell Ha to see me in the library if you happen to see him. (request)
• Instead of Present Simple tense in the If clause, we can use the Present Perfect
tense.
Hand in your paper if you have finished your writing.
Exercises
A. Make conditional sentences from the following words.
1. weather/ fine/ go on a pinic.

2. I/ be employed/ invite you/ eat out.

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3. you/ come across/ monolingual dictionary/ take one for me.

4. mother/ allow/ go to your party.

5. you/ want/ good English learner/ learn to speak at the very beginning.

6. not eat breakfast/ not have enough energy.

7. you/ feed it too regularly/ the fish die.

8. you/ travel by bus/ save money.

9. the storm/ attack the village/ everyone/ be moved.

10. Suong/ finish her assignment/ within two weeks/ have one mark plus.

7. If I come across an old friend who I haven’t seen for a long time,

8. If you want to become a good student,

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§4. Conditional Typed 2
Revision
 Use
We use conditional type 2 to express unreal conditions in the present.
If I were you, I wouldn’t tell Nha that bitter truth.
Form
If clause Main clause
Past Simple /
Past Subjunctive
Would/ could/ might + bare-infinitive
If clause can come first or later
If I had enough money, I would buy a house for my parents.
We would become lazy if we didn’t work.
Note
• We can use both was or were for the subjects I, he, she, it in the if clause.
If I was/were stronger, I could carry the luggage for you
• We can use could in the if clause to express ability.
If I could speak French well, I would apply for a job in a French company.
• Instead of the Past Simple tense in the if clause, we can use the Past Progressing
tense.
I am talking to Ha who is a little boring.
 I would be more interested if I was talking to another one.
Exercises.
A. Complete the following sentences with the verbs in parentheses.
1. There would be less crime if anyone (have) ………………… a job.

C. get D. don’t get
4. …………………………………… if you have a headache.
A. You drink these medicines.
B. Drink these medicines.
C. You take these medicines.
D. Take these medicines.
5. I’m sure Toan ………………… win the scholarship. I ………………… be very
surprised if she couldn’t.
A. will, will B. would, will
C. will, would D. would, would
6. – Are you going to read this novel?
- I ………………… if I ………………… time. I am very busy with my jobs.
A. will, have B. will, had
C. could, have D. would, had
C. Answer the following questions with your own ideas.
1. What would you do if you were of the opposite sex?

2. What would happen if there were no wars in the world?

3. What would you do if you became a member of the city government for a day?

4. If you could meet a famous person, who would you meet?

5. If you had a wish, what would you wish?

6. What would happen if Vietnamese became an international language?

§5. Conditional Type 3
Revision
 Use

“If Japan hadn’t attacked the Pearl Harbor, the U.S. couldn’t have joined World
War II”, our history teacher said.
 Our history teacher said (that) if Japan hadn’t attacked the Pearl Harbor, the
U.S. couldn’t have joined World War II.
Exercises
A. Match each clause in column A to its following in column B to make a
complete conditional sentences. Add a comma where necessary.
A B
1. If It hadn’t been for the storm
2. I would have come back to work in
my hometown after graduation.
3. Had Phuc had a map
4. If Chi hadn’t missed the bus
5. If I hadn’t been so busy
6. Snow White couldn’t have been
revived
7. Cinderella couldn’t have met the
prince
8. If I hadn’t saved money for a long
time
9. If you hadn’t pulled the dog’s tail
10. She wouldn’t have been so exhausted
a. it wouldn’t have bitten you
b. if the prince hadn’t kissed her
c. I would have helped you
d. if she hadn’t worked so much
e. if I had been able to find a job there
f. if It hadn’t been for her
godmother’s help
g. many people wouldn’t have been

time? Write 5 sentences.
Example:
If I had had more time yesterday, I would help my mother with the housework.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E. Complete the following reported speech with your own ideas.
1. Linh told me she would lend me some money if

2. The nurse told Mr. Thuan if he took the medicines regularly,

3. My teacher said the air wouldn’t be so polluted if

4. Phuong said she would see me the day after if

5. A witness said if the victim had been taken to hospital soon,

6. Mrs. Le believed if she had fewer children,

7. Hai said he could have performed better in his interview,

8. A firefighter said the fire wouldn’t have take place

§6. Defining Relative Clauses
Revision
 Definition
Defining relative clauses which describe the preceding noun are essential to the
understanding of the noun; so they could not be omitted.


4. The new motorbike people are advertising on TV, and in newspaper and
magazines.

5. All the contestants take part in the competition are very intelligent.

6. The house which Mr. Lam is going to buy it is located in a very quiet area.

7. The party where I went to last night was held by an old friend.

8. The student who assignment got the highest mark worked very hard.

9. Have you returned the money that borrowed from the bank?

10. The families whose house destroyed in the storm are still trying to improve
their lives.

B. Combine a word or phrase in each box to complete a defining relative clause.
An email a service be wrapped in a box and sent to someone
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Fax
transmission
A package
A postman
A message
A clerk
an object
a letter
a person
a person

dams, impoundments, or other regulatory systems. The Johnstown flood is an
example.
A flash flood is really any sudden, severe flood event (5) ……………… can have
a variety of causes – although large sudden downpours are the main ones. The effects
of a downpour are worsened when terrain will not absorb water. Reasons vary: soil
type (e.g. clay), lack of vegetation, steepness, extensive pavement (urban areas),
frozen or ice-covered soil, or the saturation of soil by previous rains.
Flood typically get the most headlines when waters are about to crest. But there are
important post-flood stories (6) ……………… need telling as well. For example,
failure of normal sewage and drinking water systems means people need advice about
how to find safe drinking water. They need to understand and address the problems of
mold and mildew in waterlogged buildings. And of course they need advice on how to
connect with disaster-aid agencies.
(Source: Environment Health Center)
D. Complete the following definitions about different kinds of flooding, using
relative clauses.
1. River flooding is a kind of flood that is caused by heavy rains or rapid
snowmelt.
2. Coastal flooding is a kind of flood

3. Johnstown flood is an example of flood

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4. A flash flood is a kind of flood §7. Non-defining Relative Clauses
Revision
 Definition
Non-defining relative clauses are replaced after definite nouns; so they are not

(All the contestants got good results.)
Contestants who got good results are all very intelligent.
(Only some of the contestants got good results.)
Exercises
A. Defining or non-defining? Add commas if necessary.
1. Professor Kim who teaches psychology is a strict teacher.
2. Japan which consists of four main islands suffers from a lot natural disasters
every year.
3. Only students whose English does not meet the requirement should attend the
course.
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4. Minh who couldn’t stand the smell of durian went out of the room when she
saw me with some durians.
5. Corn which is mainly grown in the highland can be exported.
6. Hue bought a bar of chocolate which looked very delicious.
7. My ao dai which is too short now was my favorite at high school.
8. These glasses which were made by a famous craftsman were sold out quickly.
. B. Combine two sentences to make a defining relative clause or a non-defining
relative clause.
1. Does the T-shirt fit you? I gave it to you yesterday.

2. Our teacher assigned us the homework. We had to finish it within a week.

3. Those students got very high marks in the final exams. They had studied
enthusiastically for months.

4. The Prime Minister praised Nguyen Huu At. He was the first blind student to
take the university entrance exams alongside peers in Viet Nam.
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§8. Gerund and Present Participle
Revision
 Form
V + ing
 Use
A gerund plays the role of a noun, so it can be used in the following situations:
• As a subject of a sentence
Going out late at night is very dangerous in this city.
• As a compliment of a verb
What I like most is gathering and chatting with my friends.
• After a preposition
Nga is afraid of staying alone.
• In a noun compound
Mrs. Ly is my dancing teacher.
• After some verbs (avoid, delay, enjoy, finish, forgive, miss, etc.)
She had just finished dressing the children when the phone rang.
A present participle is used in the following situations:
• As an adjective
I heard some surprising news from him.
• After catch, find, leave + O
I find my new job satisfying.
• After verbs of sensation (the action may be complete or incomplete.)
There must be someone outside. I hear someone knocking at the door.
• After go, come, spend, waste, be busy
Maybe I will go fishing this weekend.
Ms Nga can spend 5 hours doing the shopping.
Sorry I can’t help you right now. I am busy preparing dinner.
 Perfect gerund and perfect participle
The suspect finally admitted having broken into the house.

C. There is an error in each sentence. Identify and correct it.
1. Travel by bus in the city is one of the ways to avoid getting tired when there are
traffic jams.
2. Phuong has spent 2 million dong doing shopping since she luckily won the
lottery.
3. Thao went to school in the afternoon last year, so she isn’t used to get up early
this year.
4. I had a date with my friends yesterday, but the heavy rain prevented me going
out.
5. I find it interest to take part in social activities held by the school.
6. I have 2 tickets to the cinema tonight. Would you like to go with me?
I’d love to, but I’m busy to do my homework.
D. Gerund, present participle, perfect gerund or perfect participle? Supply the
correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. In my company, the employees have bonuses for (not miss) ……………… a
day.
2. (Do) ……………… all the housework, Dung went to bed.
3. The businessman kept (deny) ……………… (sponsor) ……………… the
scholarship. He wanted to keep it secret.
4. Would you mind (turn) ……………… the CD player down? I’m studying.
5. Despite (never meet) ……………… Le before, I could realize her thanks to her
distinguishing height.
6. I have to go now. It was nice (talk) ……………… to you, you know.
7. Nam is always keen on (pursue) ……………… his study despite the poverty of
his family.
8. (Do) ……………… the morning exercise, Mr. Minh enjoyed his breakfast.
E. Ask and answer the following questions in full sentences.
1. Have you ever wasted your time doing something useless?

2. When did you last spend a big sum of money buying something? What did you

hesitant
kind
likely
lucky
pleased
reluctant
willing
There is something to-infinitive
There is nothing to-infinitive
S + have something to-infinitive
enough to-infinitive
too + adj/ adv + to-infinitive
Infinitive without to
• Some common verbs and expressions followed by infinitive without to.
Let/ have/ suggest + O + infinitive without to
See/ hear + O + infinitive without to
I suggest you travel by bike to avoid traffic jams.
I heard Xuan chat with her friend on the phone yesterday.
Gerund
• Some common verbs followed by gerund.
admit
avoid
can’t bear
can’t help
continue
delay
deny
enjoy
finish
keep

9. Don’t reluctant (help) ………………… the victims of the hurricane.
10. Trang invited me (eat) ………………… out, but my parents didn’t let me (go)
………………… out so late.
B. Underline the most appropriate words or phrases.
1. Trang failed ………………… the essay into Vietnamese because there are too
many unfamiliar expressions.
A. translate
B. to translate
C. translating
2. Hoai stopped ………………… the phone.
A. cook to answer
B. to cook answering
C. cooking to answer
3. Knowing that I had some problems with my project, the professor offered
………………… me.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
4. Mr. Long is a very good dentist. I had him ……………… my teeth last month.
A. fill
B. to fill
C. filling
5. Just finish your work. I don’t mind …………………
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waiting
6. Teacher (to student). If you have any questions, feel free ………………… me
after class.
A. contact
B. to contact

1. What do you expect to do after you graduate from high school?

2. Do you often practice speaking English? Where and with whom?

3. What do you want to become when you are over twenty?

4. Where do you suggest your friend go if s/ he has vacation?

5. List three things that your parents don’t let you do?
6. Have you ever planned to live on your own? If you are allowed to, what do you
intend to do to earn a living?

7. Who will ever have your bicycle repaired once the brake doesn’t work? (use
have + O + infinitive without to)

8. Whenever you have a problem, who is the first person that is always willing to
help you?

§10. Linking words
Revision
 Definition
Linking words are words used to link clauses or sentences.
Tam likes leaning English. However, he is too shy to speak English in front of the
class.
 Popular linking words
Addition and, additionally, in addition, besides, moreover,
furthermore, what is more, in addition to + n, apart from + n

A. What is more B. Consequently
C. However D. To sum up
4. Travelling by public means of transportation can help save money.
…………………, it costs us only 6,000 dong to go to school and come back
home while we have to spend 10,000 dong filling the petrol tank of the
motorbike.
A. For instance B. Example
C. Such as D. All are correct
5. Studying abroad is a good opportunity to develop our foreign language.
…………………, not everyone can afford it.
A. Nevertheless B. But
C. Besides D. Thus
B. There is a passage about the benefits of games. Complete each numbered
blank in the passage with one of the following linking words. Capitalize it where
necessary.
for instance
consequently
and
since
although
what is more
in general
It is argued that games are but a kind of entertainment, and that it is a waste of
time to spend so much time playing games. I myself think that games are much more
than recreation (1)………………… they teach us a lot of useful things, among which
are team spirit, competence of observation, and wishes.
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To begin with, team sport games such as soccer, volleyball or basketball give us
lessons on solidarity and cooperation. Taking part in these games, individuals become
members of a group and they play for the sake of their group; thus they have to

• A way of learning new things (news programs, “Travel Around The World”,
game shows)
• Useful entertainment
• Advertisements on TV: provide useful information about the market and
products. 21

§11. Modal verbs
Revision
 Ability
• We use can or be able to to express ability.
Hai can sing very well.
I believe that I will be able to finish the assignment on time.
• We use could as the past form of can.
I couldn’t swim when I was eight, but now I am among the best swimmers in
my class.
 Possibility
• We use can, could, may or might to express possibility.
You can swim in this lake in the summer since the water is not very cold.

A. Underline the modal verbs in the following sentences and write the function of
each modal under the underlined word: ability, advice, possibility, permission or
obligation. The first sentence is done for you.
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1. May I have a day off tomorrow? My son is sick.
Permission
2. You shouldn’t be so shy. You have to believe your ability.
3. Why are your clothes so dirty? You must have played near the lake.
4. Don’t bother. I can do the job myself.
5. You can watch TV after finishing your homework.
6. You might have seen your old friend if you hadn’t left so early.
7. You don’t have to get up early. I know you were exhausted last night.
8. I really didn’t believe that she even couldn’t iron her own clothes.
B. Find a sentence in the box that has similar meaning to that of each of the
sentences below.
You mustn’t wear jackets here
Can I have some drink
Should I drink milk
You may have got lost
You don’t have to wear jackets here
You may get lost
1. Is it good for my health if I drink milk?

2. I want some milk, please.

3. You are not allowed to wear jackets here.

4. You needn’t wear jackets here. It’s not very cold.

5. Don’t follow that way. I’m not sure, but perhaps it isn’t the right way.

5. Three things you are not allowed to do.
§12. Modal Verbs: Degrees of Certainty and Formality
Revision
 Degrees of certainty
• Degrees of certainty refer to how sure we are about the possibility of (doing)
something.
• In the present:
Why isn’t Thuan here now?
- He is busy with the housework.  100% sure
- He must be busy with the housework  95% sure
- He could be busy with the housework  not very sure
- He may be busy with the housework  not very sure
- He might be busy with the housework  not very sure
• In the present (negative)
Bich is in Ha Noi now. It can’t/ couldn’t be her outside the door. 99% sure
Bich is in Ha Noi now. It mustn’t be her outside the door. 95% sure
I think Bich is in Ha Noi now. It may not her outside the door.  not very sure
I think Bich is in Ha Noi now. It might not her outside the door. not very sure
• In the past:
The degrees of certainty in the past are similar to those in the present.
We use modal + have + past participle
Why is the car so clean? You must have washed it.
 Degree of formality
• Degrees of formality refer to how formal we are when we make a request.

A. I don’t know. Perhaps he didn’t hear the noise.
B. Sure. He couldn’t sleep all night.
5. - Why don’t you invite Lan to eat dinner?
- She may not be hungry.
A. She has just eaten a lot with her friends.
B. She doesn’t seem to be hungry.
B. Put the following sentences in the correct order to make meaningful
conversations.
Conversation 1
- Yeah. Not a house. There’s smoke from it. It might be a factory.
- A house? So let’s go there and ask for some water.
- What’s that over there? I can’t see clearly.
- Oh no! That mustn’t be a house. It is as big as a castle. Let’s go further to see
what it is.
- That may be a house.
- I know what it is now. It is the old palace that the government is intending to
rebuild. Don’t you remember?
- It couldn’t be a factory. Factories have been all moved away to reduce
pollution.
Conversation 2
- When will you go?
- It might belong to an Australian university.
- Ah. It must be from a French university.
- Yes. I will attend a free course in France for a year.
- Just guess.
- You know what? I won a scholarship from a foreign university last month.
- It can’t be from an Australian university. I can’t speak English. I study French.
- I’m not sure. Maybe in July.
- Really? You must have been very happy. What organization does the
scholarship belong to?