!
"#$%&'(
)#*"+,'%*
-.,/&$/"0*12'%34'
(56!"4#!7#,2"0"+$/"0
#8(9 :;<=!>?@A:"BC3#
*"BC32$/$/ :()#*#$%++
(9'';<D"B!E!FGD@'
:3'3.&#*H1I;J6#*!
D"B&C:?"0@KF8C3L&$/M
31N38+#*(
8#*$O%/$J'3.&D0!"
!P3 QL!$/@RS"C1C'8?$
2$(
M312C!#*0 CR"4T-
+U!"V=!3'#*(W-"4X
#*0+()#*Y0
#*ZTR"4[(
#*E)!I:"J>2$/\]!=$
A03D4#*L#*.U141L?^
8+12#8%TC(C-M3
8#*L#*.U141L?LV12(
>!&>2_9`_E9a=$O+"4
&#*!L#*bb+$/=3#
8*Cc"%%!0$$%!Dc
Z+$/$"T''*C(
deF>2$/"4\]J!T#*Yb"+I7
;%#f<(
deF>2$/"4\]DT#*Yb:L$#$
;%#fff("2deF
j8#*L#*b$b0
#*>2$/\](C-!"01TCCL!$
'03D&12'(deF>2$/"4\]Jb
12#8;
! "=
!DdeF>2$/\]c*C'3.#8
#L&(C-!M3#L
12V(*"4\\\k!'8,
&#*b!$/$&"VV!8$D
'38(>!&>2_9`=$O#
*b&12'.'b6'' 12-!#
,/0$%T"M*C3&'3.(<*
DC!hV='h?/!^L-#
8#"LT36.T
M3C(+&L"*8
#-T8"B$$"TZ8
JC-J$"T:=:$J#60+8/
$C(
a+1%$'3'C/Z*Cl!'
!"m04E)"Dc&''?14C: R
E)4L"0T%$'(>&0$n
1I:812CQ1o=$'/\]E)D
=$"4\kU'p/E)!9
`>(I%&'B-L8#8
#*Y%C3b,$"T%$'8
#*Y#;j3 ##UI(9TC
$:$n1I&C"/:
8C3DI:(dq1I!8&,DgP*"D
'ZI,$"T#8V$:*,#
8/L!:0,"8$$%L(
#*##
IE/J1@FK>,34L677M2/013N/J@63H3@7@O@234567,-8639:,;9=P@C623E2
H3Q/23R/
*8#*$"T$Z8"$n
1IP3 '##1N4"+i&g
%#*1N4&'g:"
L-(
F8#*Y$Z,$"T$(
S1@FK>H3@7@O@234567,-8639:,;PT67/E/P@U6VW@,4567
V4567
SS1@FK>H3@7@O@V@XBH@C6YE/V+63
9,8#*Y"8%6T
*&'g(ah"!*V&'g*1u*
LC"!D&'gb"+(bTC
C#*A"C'38%(CDC*&
v
'g1N48+L#*!1uJCT"N
$
.ZRSe8#*
k
\ \ \$ $ $− − + = +
H\K
9$8$;
>F;
k
H \KH \K ] \ ]
\ ]
\ ] \ ]
\ ]
-3
\$ +
\ \ \$ $− − = +
<4
\$ ≥
\ \ \ \ \$ $ $ $− < + ⇒ − − < +
1 # * A
(
1@FK>[V\]F=Z<
^=%$TLE)Nc8J
+:.JnQJ0:gP1LJn
=!':"LE9d(d1hLE9d8"DC*=0
"B&1L%.D(
wd'J:.TJn!+4'3.&3
##c/!=1uZ$"T$
] ]
] ]
!" !
! "
≥ ≥
⇔
≥ ≥
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/J1@FK>634,-_6
≥
!#M
]
A
]
]
]
]
!
"
!"
!
!
"
=
≤
⇔
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
≥
≥
− ≥
⇔ ⇔
≤ −
= −
+ ≥
≥ −
x
LCgy_\V#*A(
H\K
\ \
$ $ $ $ $ $
$ $ $
$ $
$ $
− + − ≥ − + ≤ − + ≤
⇔ ⇔
+ ≥ ≥ − ≥ −
+ ≤ ≤ −
⇔ ⇔
≥ − ≥ −
<DC'Q2%g:?.Qh-#
*(
9:b4gy\*8?.&hgy\"
%#*(E$A$'8L#*
k
H \K H kK ] k ]$ $ $− + ≤ ⇔ + ≤
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/
wE$"MC3*LCT6;
k
]!! ! %> ∀ ∈
!*"O
-'+3Jn12
k
$
$
$
− + − ≥ − + ≤ − + ≤
⇔ ⇔
+ ≥ ≥ − ≥ −
=
⇔ ⇔ =
≤ −
≥ −
ngy\#*
k k=
-gy\"1CL(
z
{1I-LC8&'g^TQh4
8L#*(<*DC,12':C8V&'g
h""0(3IgCL&-!-"B-
$;a3&'-71Ly!0L#*;
k
=
d'80$'n"2#*T
'`C"%#*Ab':&
'
H K ]& $ ≥
'3"D"%#*T(
.ZRbe8#*;
k$ $= +
E$'3.C3"$;
k k
\
k k k ]
k
$
$ $ $ $ $ $
$
= −
= + ⇔ = + ⇔ − − = ⇔
=
<DC#*Ak";gy_\gyk(
+$/$'*406;>:?.Dh*&
.6141L?D8'J!1=C"$;
k k
k ] k
=
=
<DC#*Ak";gy_\gyk(
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/J1@FK>,-_6
>:'ZI$"T-$!41N$8=#
$
k
k
H K ]
H K H K
H K H K
$
& $ $
& $ $
≥
= ⇔
=
e-"B$"&'
= + ⇔ ⇔
= + − + =
≥
⇔ ⇔ =
= −
=
<DC#*Agyk(
P1@FK>H3@7@O@234567,-8639:,;/3c1/d6Pe/Ff
98#*Y.?D"t%C31412?
Dv(
>/4$C3!*;e-"B$:.
h&Q2?D"t!46'0T"N+&':
.6141L?D"t8'J(
9"O#*.?D"t3 Q
0&#*12
v v v
H K H K H K H\K& $ $ $+ =
!#*C$
3 $
\ k \ v \ H\K$ $ $− + − = +
W8V$;
v v
v
H\K \ k \ v H \KHk \KH \ k \K v \$ $ $ $ $ $ $⇔ − + − + − − − + − = +
v
v k k
v H \KHk \KHv \K v
]
} ~ ] H} ~K ]
~
}
$ $ $
$
$ $ $ $
$
⇒ − − + =
=
⇔ − = ⇔ − = ⇔
=
n"2H\Kbgy
~
}
"7A(<DC#*gy
~
}
1mc$K(E$&'/4
H K! H K& $ $
'&'/4
H K $
*6!$O8*#k3%#*:'n?D!&
1N4
k
H H K H KK H K H K ]& $ $ $ $− = ⇒ ≥
!$ChC^::'=
0!"O= A+ T1I"/1C'8 #*12
H K H K& $ $=
H6#*#3K(gP+1II:;
.ZRhe8#*
v \ k \$ $ $− + = −
W8$%$;
k
k k k
]
v \ k \H\K v \ ]
H v \K k \
]
]
\
v
\ Hv \K
x \ k Hv \K k \
] ]
\ ] \
≥
≥
⇔ ≥ − ⇔
+ = +
+ − + = −
≥ ≥
⇔ + ≥ ⇔ ≥ −
+ + = + − − =
≥
=
⇔ ⇔ =
≥
\
k
*38'J!c
v \$ $− +
*
g1L(
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/
>:'ZI$"T$TL2/*#3
:0+#*##*k38m1LHML
""3'JK(41N$3 $;
H K H K H K H K H K H K& $ $ $ & $ $ $− = ⇔ = +
k
H K ]
H K ]
H K H H K H KK
$
$
& $ $ $
≥
⇔ ≥
= +
a&$'3.C3cZ8$"TJC#
− ≥
⇔ + ≥
= + + −
≥
≥
⇔⇔ ≥ − ⇔
− − = −
= + − −
aDLC4
\
k
$ ≥
*38%H€K'J!c3%H€KJ!1H€K
C#*A
Z1@FK>H3@-j,7N63<M/23\6,./363\6,k/l/3c1/d6Pe/31@
$
$
$ $ $ $ $
$
$ $ $
$
$
$
$ $ $ $
+ ≥
−
+ = + ⇔ + − = + ⇔
+
+ − = +
≥ −
≥ −
⇔ ⇔
= −
+ − = + +
<DC#*A
LC6'Cgy_\x#*ALC7A#
*(sgy_\x8"%#*A(
"
≥
!Q1M&'
gP1L%&.
!! "
:J0g!1N4V:
.V(
W8V;
>F;
k
k
]
z
z
$
$
$
$
≥
−
≥ ⇔
< −
+
a3
k$ ≥
!;
k
⇔ ⇔
= −
+ − = + +
)#*0C(
a3
z$ < −
!;
k
k k
k ]
k
H zK k H zKH kK k
z
H zKH kK H kK
k
k
\xH Agƒ_zK
\x
v \] x x
$
$
$ $ $ $ $
$
$ $ $
$
$
H€K
9?.h'
\$ ≥
!'
H€K
k
k k k \$ $ $⇔ + − = −
k k
[
x x X x x \H \K
X
$ $ $ $ () $ $⇔ + − = − + ≥ ⇔ =
*+
<DC#*A
[
X
$ =
,
aDLCCgy]^"+%#*
F3 -!$Z$"T'6
(!" ! "=
>`
.CbV'
! ]! " ≥
(a3
! ]! " ≤
*
( (!" ! "= − −
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/
we-T"B$6;
=
≥
−≤
$
$
$
(
€gy]"+%#*(
€
\kkkkk\\
k
−=−+⇔=++−⇔⇒≥ $$$$$$$
X
[
\xxXxx
kk
=⇔+−=−+⇔ $$$$$
HDK
€
KKHHkKkHK\Hk $$$$$$$ −−=−−−+−−⇔⇒−≤
X
[
\kkkkk\
k
=⇔+−=−+⇔−=−−+−⇔ $$$$$$$
H"2K
<DC%#*A";gy]gy
=
=
⇔=−⇔
X
[
]
][X
k
$
$
$$
H7H€KK(
o1@FK>H3@PpV@P@aB,3c/634631B[31@9U/01234567,-863>=H3:67Vaq
V@XBH@C6
F3 +#*Y312
! " ! -+ = +
!$
Z$"T";73:.
!
':B3&'
%(
.ZRre8#*;
k x \ k v x \}$ $ $ $− + − = − + −
E$Z$"T$;
k x \ k v x \} k x \ k v xH xK
\ ] \
W8V;
k x \ k v x \} k x \ k v xH xK
x
x ]
x
\ ]
k
\ k v
\ k v
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
$
$
$
$ $
$
$ $
$ $
− + − = − + − ⇔ − + − = − + −
≥
− ≥
≥
⇔ ⇔ − ≥ ⇔ ⇔ ∈∅
=
− = −
]∆ ≥
(<+1I'`C'
:6&bV''&'+(
I@C623E2H3Q/23R/
wFUI8&'%UI
ws2-86#QHMLbT"D8
3-%$/DK
w<*:$/$+3+'#8-$"4\k:
"=#$/(
W8V;
9\;9$"4\](
)#*H\K
⇔
HkK
] ≥
⇔
`Cyw\ZQC
y
k
k +
2,:+'J
\ ] \. .
⇒ + ≥ ⇔ ≥ −
9k;9$A'3."4\k(
k \ k \. $ $ $ $ .− = + ⇔ + + =
„P$/
[
H K k \! \• K& $ $ $ $= + + ∈ − +∞
()#*A'Q
>;
k
k ]$ $ − = ≥
!H\K
k
\ HkK .⇔ + = −
E$Z$"T;)#*H\K
⇔
HkK
] ≥
E$Z8$"TC"1T6bT
] ≥
"%M
] ≥
4b"&'T(
\v
8*&'%%(
;>F;
k
k ] ] k$ $ $− ≥ ⇔ ≤ ≤
!'
k
k
k Hk K \ †]•\‡
k
$ $
$ $ $ $
+ −
= − = − ≤ = ⇒ ∈
9k-;
k k
H\K k k \$ $ $ $ .⇔ − − − − =
„P$/
[
k k
H K k k \! ]•k‡& $ $ $ $ $ $= − − − + ∈
;
k k
\ \
H K k k H \KH\ K
k k
$
& $ $ $
$ $ $ $
−
′
= − + = − +
− −
)#*A
⇔
Q$/Cy…HgK`Cy:
-†]•k‡
_
∞
\
z
z ]
$
$
$
≥
⇔ ≥
− ≥
„P$/
…HgKy
z$ $− −
!-
†z• K+∞
\ \
H K
k k z
z
]! z
k H zK
& $
$ $
$ $
$
$ $
′
= −
−
(K}KHvH}v $$.$$ −++=−++
*
.
:#*AV+(
E$"$;
>F;
v }$
− ≤ ≤
>;
k[}v
k
+=⇒−++= $$
K}KHvH $$ −+
H€K(
‰1Ij>9$;
[K}KHvHk ≤−+ $$
-RH€K
(kvv ≤≤⇒
)#*A;
.
. k[k
k
[
k
k
−=−−⇔
−
+=
k .= −
b+:-
†v•v k‡
} k [
} k [ } k v
k
. .
−
⇔ − ≤ − ≤ − ⇔ ≤ ≤
(
su1LCC'yv#*Ak";gy_vgy}!
DC"8-"$(
<DCC-J$"T6q|
E$A$'6;)#*AV+
K\H⇔
V+
‡kv•v†∈
(RD&C."$A$M
#.\_\,U^
† }•v‡$∈ −
U4
†v•v k‡ ∈
(5C$q;
+
† v•}‡$∈ −
$O+
†v•v k‡ ∈
+
†v•v k‡ ∈
_
∞
_v
v
k
}w
∞
′
w]_
H K& $
<DC;
† v•}‡$∈ −
#.
†v•v k‡ ∈
!CDCC'8"
#.\_\(LC:b+%
† v•}‡$∈ −
*
v k =
!'
v
k
$ =
(H
†v•v kK∀ ∈
&k
† v•}‡$∈ −
K
s#*AV+
=
−
− − = − ⇔ − − + = ⇔
= −
sM83-%$//*$K-LCC
v k = ⇔
v
k
$ =
<DC;
} k [
k
.
−
=
"T*(
51I-LC6T8S"C-$*D
Ug#&$M#.\_\!'8:J"+$/(
a,1I':-$OV$C?"M1C!+?
\~
v
v
v k
v
"MTgC-Q1o*12C$/!^12C8
#*!L#*(
l>FG@F8#*Y!4/0$*&':
& $ $
& $ $ & $ $
& $
& $ $
& $ $
& $ $ & $ $
& $ & $
+
+
+ +
≥
= ⇔
=
= ⇔ =
≥
= ⇔
=
= ⇔ =
=
€0#*&?Dr*-12C$3
C:3 1L1N4k3'J!R&'0:*
#3'n1L?(
€0#*&?D"t*3"^CR3:'n?
$n1IPC361I83&*$'8g
$&
)#*b+8'3.#/'/4$"4\]
-DE)"2&':!&'8
$L"08&>2_9`(<*DC!JC"T0&TC
$J(*12C$"4\]D$
"4\kTC!1#/&:S"C$
'G?8#*Y%C36##8;j3 #
#UI!$qV,DgP!VB
:=-'3D1I:8D#M!
,$"T(•-/4$"4\k!3I2
/"2=12#*b(a!
=R4"=4&#*b&>2
9`(<4"DC!$/$"4\]$"4\kA
0'h?88D&TC/#!3D12^3
+#*b&12=+A380,
$"T'(
F38I:"4'/\]!$'1I$'3'C
812C0:':n$;
a? W4 $/
>:X"- >:Rz3X >:14z
d/
"0
Y"
d/
"0
Y"
d/
"0
Y"
k]\k_
Copyright: Tài liệu đại học ©