Ministry of Education and Training
University of National Economy




DOAN DUC TIEN RESEARCH QUALITY OF TRAINING
TECHNICAL WORKER IN
ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM
Specific area:
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(
INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION
)
Code: 62.34.05.01

The thesis will be defend before the Council to protect
his State-level doctoral thesis at the National Economic University
Take place at: h on July 2012 Thesis can be found at:
- Library University of National Economy
- National Library

LIST OF RELATED RESEARCH
Thesis by graduated students

1. Dang Ngoc Lam, Doan Duc Tien (2007), EVN group-level scientific research,
"Research on the building of the standard level of training technical workers in the
power company under the Electricity of Vietnam";

2. Doan Duc Tien (2008), "Some problems of the technical worker training for the
electric power industry" category Economics and Management; The Industry
Magazine;

3. Tran Duc Hung, Doan Duc Tien (2009), Occupational Skill Standards , topic

20.224 accounting for 23,26%; employee with master and higher level are 565 ,
accounting for 0.65%. Thus, technology worker of electric power industry is
largest force, directs labor and manufacturing business of all electric power aspect,
from North to South area as well as the work that EVN is investing oversea. The
strategy development of EVN from now to 2015 and vision 2020, electric power
demand growth on average 10-12% /year. Manpower is main factor of
development protocol of electric power industry while technology worker is main
direct productive force, represent highest number. In 2011 - 2012, vision 2020 a
compelling set out.
An objective assessment, the technology Worker electricity industry has not fully
meet and satisfy the requirements to perform development tasks of Electric Power
Industry. There are many reasons: First, the lack of uniformity and consistency
model training and development; Second, lack of standards and regulations; Third,
lacking coherence and complementarity between in-house training schools with
on-site training; Forth, lack of good teachers and teaching facilities and modern
learning; Fifth, many establishments employing not focused on work placement
layout adaptation industries in which workers have been trained, leading to less
labor productivity.
From the above shortcomings, it is necessary to find solutions to tackle the gaps in
the training of the Electricity Industry Worker today.
With the desire to fill the gaps mentioned above, in order to improve the quality of
training technical workers in the electricity industry, the author registration threads
"Research the quality of training technical workers in Vietnam Electricity
Industry" as the content of his doctoral thesis.
2. Research purposes
Thesis to achieve the purpose of studying the following:
Theoretical research:
- The system of the basic theoretical issues on training, training technical workers,
quality training, improve the quality of training, quality assessment and training
framework theory study analyzed the factors affecting Worker training quality,

education for 2011-2015 and 2020.
4. Overview of research
4.1. The study of other countries:
There are many foreign research related to quality of training technical
workers, but mainly addressed issues of vocational training system reform,
improving the quality of human resources to solve the supply source Worker's
labor is the period of national industrialization and modernization of the
country. Typical research projects:
- Asian Development Bank (ADB) (1990), with the report "Technical
Education and Vocational Training" to report to specified functions and
characteristics of the vocational training system, the national policy in job
training. Indicate the training meets the needs of different sectors in the
economy; an important point of this report is already going into the structural
analysis system for vocational education and economic experimental model of
many countries with different training.
- Donal L.Kirkpatrick (1998) study suggested "assessment model training
program with 4 levels", with the arguments and theoretical basis for assessing
the quality of the training program with 4 levels of learners.
Based on the development of quality assessment methods of Kirppatrick
training programs, study authors surveyed rated the quality of training of the
Electricity Industry Worker of the Electricity of Vietnam.
4.2. A number of studies in the country:
- PhD thesis of Le Khac Doa (1989) on "Perfecting the system of vocational
training in Vietnam", has been studying proposals to perfect the system of
vocational training in Vietnam.
- Prof. Dr. Pham Thi Thanh chaired ministerial-level "study the fostering of
university teaching and teacher training" has shown the weakness and lack
of pedagogy in the training and retraining of teachers member in the 90s of
last century;
- Egineer.Ta Sy Thai (2000) with "Standardized Power Worker training

Thus, although there have been studies mention training technical workers,
pointed out the factors affecting job training for technical workers, has set
out and perform the tasks in order to improve the training of technical
workers, like building a framework program for vocational training; pointed
out the importance of the unified model of organization in the management
of vocational education system and employment for workers, indicating the
lifting method high quality faculty and job but does not consider a study
to systematically assess the quality of training technical workers an industry
that, especially the Electricity industry in Vietnam.
These contents will be further serious research, in order to improve the
training of human resources development of the Electric Power Industry
Worker Vietnam.
5. Study subjects:
Research Worker quality vocational training in some cases Electricity Worker
training and some training programs in corporations Worker of the Electricity
of Vietnam.
6. Research Methods
- Methods of Statistics, in the literature, to inherit the results of research in
foreign countries and content related to research.
- Methods for field survey and interviews in-depth assessment on matters not
specified in the questionnaire used.
- Methods of generalization, induction, interpolation, comparative and
quantitative calculations.
7. Contribution of the thesis
7.1. Theoretical
From the general theory of quality training, lays out the thesis for the quality of
training and technical workers (Worker) Electricity industry and the quality
criteria reflecting technical workers to meet industry requirements, shown in
the following aspects: (1) through standard training from vocational schools
electricity industry, qualified professional knowledge, skills, skilled workers of

for the country's industrialization and modernization, including electricity
industry proposed a thesis measures contribute to improving the quality of
training technical workers for the industry not only electricity, but also for
other industries.
8. Structure of the thesis
Besides an introduction, conclusion, reference lists and appendices, the main
contents of the thesis is structured into three chapters, as follows:
Chapter 1. THEORETICAL AND PRATICE BASICALLY OF WORKER
TRAINING ON TECHNOLOGY
Chapter 2. REAL QUALITY TECHNICAL TRAINING INDUSTRIAL
WORKERS OF ELECTRICITY OF EVN
Chapter 3. LEGAL SOLUTION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT WORKER
TRAINING TECHNICAL ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY VIETNAM Chapter 1

THEOTETICAL AND PRACTICE BASICALLTY OF TECHNICAL
TRAINING WORKER
1.1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
1.1.1. Quality and quality training
1.1.1.1. Quality
The term "quality" has been long used to describe attributes such as beautiful,
good, fresh and above all value and high value use.
Quality is not just a single feature that is characteristic of all decide how to meet
customer requirements.
The ISO defines quality as: "set of characteristics of an entity (object) created for
the entity (object) that the ability to meet the requirements stated or implicit."
1.1.1.2. Quality of training
Quality training is the most important criteria, is a key factor determining the

under the standards of behavior" (1). Under this definition, can understand the
word "training" is an activity for learners equipped capacity (knowledge, skills,
attitudes) in a predetermined criteria, to become competent and friendly useful in
specific tasks or any society activities.
- The education and training in Vietnam using the concept of training: "Training is
the process of purposeful activity, organized to achieve the knowledge, skills and
techniques in the theory and practice practices, creating the capacity to
successfully implement a social activity (occupational) necessary ".
- Textbook Labor Economics from the University of National Economy, the
concept of training is: "The process equipped with certain knowledge of
professional services to employees so that they can always get a certain tasks. "
Training technical workers, "is the process of training activities targeted, organized
and planned in the training system engineering practice to establish and develop
the knowledge, skills, attitudes to individual employees at all levels to the level of
practice, do complex tasks with higher productivity and efficiency, and capacity to
adapt to the rapidly changing techniques and technologies in fact ".
1.1.3.2. Training and technical workers
Study on "training" (vocational) there are many different approaches, from the
perspective of different.
Law on Vocational Training: "Vocational teaching and learning activities is to
equip the knowledge, skills and professional attitudes necessary for trainees to be
able to find employment or self employment after completing the course ". In
particular, vocational training is defined with three levels of training are: Primery,
Elementary vocational training and Intermediate College.
Thus, by author, Worker training is the process of professional training is
characteristic of technical skills and training to the technical worker qualifications,
job knowledge and technical expertise, skilled workmanship technical and
professional work attitude. Quality training of technial worker training in Electric
Insustry is the process to train technical workers who meet the criteria of quality
and meet the requirements of the electricity sector.

1.1.6.2. Quality management training
When it comes to quality management, we can think of the quality management -
quality management of commodities. Prof. Nguyen Dinh Phan pointed out that:
"currently exist different definitions of quality management, but the most common
definitions are: quality management is systemic and synchronous control purposes
treatment is to ensure quality and improve the quality of products and services
throughout the product life cycle (design, production, consumption) in order to
satisfy consumer demand ".
Thus, quality management training can be understood as a production management
process (the process of teaching and learning management) that output here is
technical worker quality, is shown in professional knowledge, ability to meet
work, skilled and professional skills or specialized.
1.2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF WORKER TRAINING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
1.2.1. The external factors
The external factors that affect the training of technical workers of enterprises and
organizations, including two types of environment: macroeconomic environment,
such as economic factors, population, state laws, culture - social, scientific -
technical and environmental sectors, such as competitors, customers In addition,
two factors: the system of state policy and evaluation, social recognition for
training technical workers, have deeply influenced by the quality of training of this
object, will be authors separated for separate study.
1.2.1.1 Macro Environment
Macro environment include economic factors; cultural factors - social system of
law and technical factors - technology.
1.2.1.2. Environment sector
Worker training itself is oriented activities, aimed at one or several economic
sectors - specific techniques. Therefore, it is subject to the environmental impact of
industry: competition factor; factor customers; factor suppliers.
1.2.1.3. State's policy on training

1.2.3.1 Electricity Industry is the scientific branches of high technology,
complex, high pollution
The electricity sector is a particular industry, manufacturing and business-specific
product is electric power supply operation and systematic high. Construction and
operation of the system requires very large investment (investment carpacitor /
1kWh commercial electricity) compared to many other heavy industries; therefore
requires the investment of state support. Worldwide, more than 90% of the
corporation electricity corporation held by the state for capital and operating. The
development strategy, building the power sector are decided by the government.
With the boom of science and technology, electric power industry has developed
the world's diversity of power sources. Initially the traditional sources, such as
thermal power, hydropower, has appeared many different sources, from electricity
and gas, electricity from solar energy, wind power and nuclear power. Each
form of electricity generation (by source) have different requirements on
technology, technology which requires the source of very high technology, such as
nuclear power.
Electricity industry is not only electricity, but also to deliver electricity for sale to
household consumers. Unlike other commodities, is transported by means of
simple, traditional, the distribution of electricity to a transmission system
characteristics that are generally not used for any other commodity; by So there
should be management processes operate, own operations.
Transmission system and distribution of electricity transmission is implemented
with a voltage of 500 kV common; 220 kV, 110 kV, 35 kV, 22 kV and 10 kV and
6 kV, 0.4 kV ac; in many countries have developed on the transmission line one-
dimensional and super high AC voltage to 750 kV; 1000 kV. In addition, the
operating system on network devices and substation systems business also
included the construction and installation of advanced equipment and modern,
such as closed station system, GIS; line Thermal system of intelligent network;
switchgear, protection of art; a modern system like DAS, SCADA for the
management and operation.

Worker training for Electrical, requires methods and program-specific curriculum.
Training human resources quality, there will be power quality, high efficiency
(saving raw materials, fuel) and ensure safety for both producers and users of
electric power.
1.2.3.2 Works with large area, diverse

The production facilities are generally distributed throughout the country (often
associated with raw material providers). In addition to thermal power plants have a
chance in the plains, while the hydro plants, often in remote areas, remote and
mountainous regions.
In the field of transmission and distribution, as well as other goods manufacturing
industry, electricity industry to bring their goods, electricity, the consumer is the
household or the production and trading. But as with other commodities, there
are many individuals and organizations involved with many media distribution,
different paths. For the electricity industry, transmission and distribution of
electricity to the grid, without any institutions or individuals can also invest. And
power must be brought in both regions and remote areas to serve.
The diversity of geographic location, work environment leads to particular
employees and the adaptation of workers under the climate is different. Working
conditions, work environment and the impact level is varied. It clearly shows the
power sector for technical workers with work placement, work environment, work
areas, different professions have different demands on the labor standards of
competence.
1.2.3.3 To provide essential products for production and life
Electricity is an essential product of society. It serves the life and industrial
production and business services. For every nation, power must go before a step,
referred to as the industry's bread; it is next to the meet the increasing demand of
people's lives. Quality power supply is not just power criteria as the previous year
that require the international standardization of frequency, voltage, stability,
continuity plans as required to provide customers row. There are many industries

- Human resources in short supply due to increasingly low-wage, social welfare
policy is not done because there is no interest. The training of human resources
development on a narrow, declining labor quality, especially in attracting talent
and brain drain problem has been happening to date Electric.
To have a good labor force quality, especially team Worker Power and Electricity
sector resources before such context, training more than ever need emergency
measures to ensure effective and protect the stability and development of EVN.
1.2.4. These criteria reflect the quality of technical workers Electricity
Industry

Based on the analysis of the technical quality of labor, based on indicators of labor
quality in general and electrical characteristics of the authors think Worker Power
and power quality is reflected by specific criteria able, as follows: (1) Worker
Power and trained forces to the school's Worker Training Electricity, supplied by
the Worker, with intermediate vocational training college; qualified professional
knowledge, skills, hand workers of professional standards. (2) Worker Power and
resources with the behavior of industrial labor. Observance of labor discipline,
procedures, codes of strict power sector, (3) good health, no chronic disease; be
able to work well, meeting the specific requirements of quality power factor health
of the electricity industry; (to ensure the health work in the electricity industry
environment characteristics such as overhead, noise, magnetic fields, deep tunnel
) and (4) Understand and implement cultural traditions business, ethical, healthy
lifestyle. (5) Willing to work, adapt to any environment and harsh working
conditions of the electricity industry. Ability to work independently and in
partnerships and labor.
1.3. MODELS AND EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF
QUALITY OF TECHNICAL TRAINING

1.3.1. The model quality assessment training technical workers


skills, skill-art processing, management and coordination in practice teach and
guide repair faults, the theoretical amount of training and practice; scale course;
- Quality assessment of knowledge, skills and training students soon:
Understanding the knowledge and skills after training, comparative evaluation
of knowledge before and after training, assessing knowledge, skills targeted
skills training courses; evaluation methods; test results and testing;
- Quality assessment after a period of training: Assessing understanding,
knowledge and skills after training, assessment of labor productivity after
training, layout work, success, career advancement Industry;
- Assessment of results achieved against objectives set out training needs of the
training program.
1.4. EXPERIENCE OF SOME COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD OF
WORKER TRAINING LESSONS FOR TECHNICAL AND VIETNAM
1.4.1. The experience of some countries in the world
The thesis presents the research training experience of other countries: U.S.,
China, Japan, Korea, Singapore from which a total of offering lessons for
Vietnam.
1.4.2. Lessons learned for Vietnam
(1) Attach importance to education, training and human resource development,
particularly for the training of technical workers as an effective solution to
industrialization, modernization, economic restructuring economic, and
international competition. (2) Investment policy for vocational training
(Worker), improving the quality of facilities and equipment to practice,
teaching staff, standardization of programs, curriculum, constantly training
associated with new business and the needs of the labor market. (3)
Standardization of skills standards applicable to the entire country, creating the
basis for orientation training and skilled technical workers assess national,
international integration. (4) Policies to create jobs for workers after training
techniques, through industrialization policy fit in each stage is fundamental to
growth and job creation in the economy. Special importance to promoting

the proposed training content, duration, subjects needed to train and teachers are
invited. The proposal and management classes are implemented by the training
division of the Training Organization Department (Department) of the power
company or power attached.
2.2. SITUATION ASSESSMENT OF WORKER TRAINING PROGRAM IN
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING POWER UNDER ELECTRICITY OF
VIETNAM GROUP

From previous studies, based on survey verification review, the authors draw the
review of the status of training of technical workers schools:
2.2.1. Current status of the management training of school
The thesis points out that: The quality of the teaching staff of the EVN is not currently
meet the requirements of improving the quality of teaching. The majority of teachers
have pedagogical knowledge but lack practical experience.
2.2.2. Current status of teaching staff
In general, the force of the school teachers with training requirements are thin, the
level of theory and practice are not balanced, good teachers are skilled theory and
skills practice guidelines are not high and vice versa .
2.2.3. Current status of programs and curriculum
*. Curriculum: The program also offers serious drawback is theoretical, computer
simulation instructions on the figure of the teacher, not included in tour content,
practice on the actual device operation .
*. Service training curriculum: The curriculum by teachers in the school wrote the
heavily theoretical, lack of updated information to the new device on the network is
not close to reality.
2.2.4. Current status of facilities, material teaching and practice
The institution of many years EVN has completed all assigned tasks. The school has
gradually build technical facilities, means of teaching and learning. Due to resource
and grid development, the field has been invested in teaching equipment for the
classrooms, labs, practice workshops, learning models, teaching aids, learning tools,

Conclusion 1: Percentage of students not satisfied with a class relatively high
(40.67%), while just under 15% of students satisfied with the class.
There are many reasons for dissatisfied at the level 1 of a student, aggregated after
investigation and evaluation, the authors draw the following specific issues:
Analysis and identify training demand
- No clear link between training demand and objectives of the enterprise, leading to
not be identified priorities and planning training does not guarantee accuracy.
- Conflicts in the appoint of participants of training courses and refresher training. One
of the major conflicts in compensation training, improve team of industry employees
is a conflict between communication requirements, to acquire knowledge to fund
training time. The employers, learners, requires regular updates of new knowledge.
But students have to work again recently, just to improve which is a contradiction
(the technical staff of skilled Directors usually keep a job, at school conditions, if the
training period> 1 month).
- There is no job description for each position, leading to no evaluation criteria can not
be determined as well as each location should be trained about what knowledge, skills,
or specific acts.
- The criteria for evaluating the work capacity of new employees is based on general
standards, it is difficult to quantify and only stop at evaluation purposes without
annual bonus linked with analysis purposes identified training needs.
Regarding training programs: The weakness of the construction training program for
Worker object is not actually derived from the practical requirements of business, has
not been developed based on the core requirements of the knowledge and skills
required to provide workers (Worker) to help them minimize the error due to lack of
current skills or to enhance the capacity to do specific jobs, leading to the program
content does not meet requirements of the trainee.
Regarding training methods: the current method of training for Worker objects still
use the traditional method of teaching is not consistent with requirements of technical
training for workers.
Regarding the training objectives: Currently, the identification of training objectives

criteria are also not high; the highest average score for criterion fair level with a score
of 3.75 points; lowest fitness content of the test with an average score of 2.73 points;
point average is 2.92 points criteria.
2.3.3. Survey results assessment level 3 (skills)
Conclusion 3: change the level of skills of the trainees after the training is not
much.
According to the directly management representative, only 25.33% of the participants
is considered a change in the direction of skills better; index of the self-assessment by
students is 38%. This index is relatively low. The causes of this condition is that:
- Frequency of use of knowledge or work-related training knowledge in the classroom
is small, so students have little opportunity to apply and practice skills. Thus, although
there are many cases theory test results are very good, but the actual skills related
issues do not change much.
- Content of the training program was stopping at the generic level, not yet help
students in problem solving situations, when meeting difficult situations, students are
nervous and unsure solving skills.
- The unreasonable point of training, knowledge leads to falling off the need to
address the actual work involved.
- The level of management and supervision of the job-training and supervision at work
loose, students and managers do not have the regime, financial institutions &
movements encouraged to commit to comments and do not form sets out the
objectives and plans should apply so some results do not change skills.
- No support programs after training, such as supervision, training, retraining and
continuous testing in the workplace.
- In some cases, the condition of equipment and working conditions is a key factor in
raising obstacles, improve skills at the production site.
2.3.4. Survey results assessing the 4 (results)
Conclusion 4: The impact of training technical workers at present to produce
business results are not appreciated both the students and directly managers.
Evaluation results and analysis show the impact of training to improve business results

training, assess the level of wage increase and competition for subjects wage increase.
The training for improving team results Worker training quality is not high because of
the following:
- Persons Worker to work as laborers directly, so the training will affect production of
power company. Besides, the construction of objectives, development strategy of
human resources is Worker has not been focused, if not overlook is the capacity of
EVN Worker.
- Raise the demand for technical workers is not high. Sent for training criteria for
grade promotion based on seniority, number of years wage effects (as prescribed by
the State); not based on work requirements. To allocate work according to ability and
qualifications of the workers of Worker not specified (in the job description), should
not create a driving force demand improve job skills.
- There are no specific regulations on Standards Worker skill level in the degree
requirements, knowledge and skills for Worker; not so self-oriented learning as well
as improve not make legal standard in applying the standard skill level (grade 7
workers) for technical workers in all occupations EVN.
- Currently, programs, training curricula Worker incompatible with the actual
production and business structures, the distribution of the heavy time theory.
- A discovery in access, survey and research on the quality of training technical
workers at the Electricity of Vietnam, there is no assessment of the quality of a
scientific training after training, not only to be factors directly affect the quality of
EVN Worker training to overcome the key lessons for subsequent causes is not the
criteria for assessing the quality of training technical workers at the enterprises to
apply application and enforcement.
- Recruitment Worker to work in enterprises are still problems such as inadequate
handling of relations, no entrance exam, which is mainly considered leading to
lower profile objective, low-quality input , ability to work or study is not high.
Therefore improve the training quality difficult.
- An important discovery about the institutional, legal, promote learning, raise the
level: Electricity Corporation of Vietnam is currently ranked Worker salaries in

of technical workers power industry Electricity Corporation of Vietnam could not
avoid the difficulties and challenges from having to meet the needs from the
production unit; conflict between demands for quality but short duration training to
not affect production, quality of management team training, participating faculty
training; difficulties in facilities and technical training. There is also the lack of
benchmarks for skills due to lack of standard regulations.
One of the important part that mentioned in thesis is to deliver a system that views on
the training of the Electricity Power Worker, in particular in Section 3.3.8 are
presented below:
3.3.8. The concept of quality assurance elements of training technical workers
Electricity Industry
(1) Objectives, strategies and training associated with the development objectives of
the business, industry, society and international integration. Training objectives to
help the business or schools to build training strategies. There are training objectives
realistic: building the strategic, long-term, medium term and short term business.
Training follows demands, not what you are training.
(2) Model of management training and development appropriate, integrated and
combined businesses and schools in training, especially from the stage of vocational
training. The model of training of management, paying special attention to the input
stage and the combination of business and forced the school to participate in
vocational training practices for technical workers in enterprises, create jobs,
recruitment next Worker training.
(3) Institutionalize the training of technical workers in particular:
i) Quality standards Worker, Worker skills standards; standardized program
curriculum.
- Standardizing the system of quality criteria and technical workers power Electricity
is critical to help guide workforce training for businesses, labor quality assessment
must be based on standard titles: labor Worker the workers of each target step, each
profession.
- Standardization Worker skills match current is 7 steps to help the Worker

involved in the training of technical workers.
- Decentralization of finance, decentralization of management, autonomy in the
allocation of investment, build mechanisms and policies for training institutions,
ensuring the promotion of education quality in order meeting the requirements of the
electricity industry and markets.
3.4. SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY TECHNICAL TRAINING
WORKERS OF ELECTRICITY OF VIETNAM GROUP
After conducting analysis and evaluation of training technical workers at the General
Electric Power under EVN Group, to clarify the subjective causes, objective,
particularly as the evidence from the results of the survey data, the authors propose a
system of measures to improve the quality of training technical workers in EVN.
3.4.1. Group measures in policy and institutions to Electricity of Vietnam Group.
On the basis of scientific arguments thesis proposed solutions group and institutional
policies to improve the system of legal documents on management training and
financial investment for specific training in the construction of the "Regulation of
financial investment for training and developing human resources" to serve the
construction and development investment on equipment condition and practicing
material for schools, institutions of EVN . In this solution group the author also
mentioned the reform process of evaluating, salary distribution, wages for technical
workers in professional capacity by building " wages according to ability regulations"
which promote, encourage to raise the demand occupational skills, increase labor
productivity. Motivate learning demand to improve their own technical workers. Lead
to quality training courses to be enhanced.
Proposed "Building the skills standards for technical workers in accordance with
technological requirements and international integration of the electricity industry;
Amendment framework Worker Power and power training schools and businesses
block the entire EVN application" is considered a prerequisite for the solution
complete, improving the quality of training technical workers. The standards of
vocational skills levels will be the basis of the goal orientation training on the basis of
specific provisions on standards and qualifications and skills gained for each level