
MỤC LỤC
 !"#$ 
%&
''()*
+'')*
+%$, /0123456756/018915:;.<)*
+)"=8>?3:31,-3@5/018915:;.<+&
 ("ABC
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%

LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
$M/62NOP6Q5:RNSTU6,5:89?,U6M889345>?VW-X5:6@23YS6?565:SZ5
[\T89,5:2]5^3<_8R?35S`T2a<b5:U6M8[c56[d>e3[X/83fSRa5:[c5A
U6M>gVh2=/iSOY5/01"3/9,V,j8T6c:3M86?56U6k5[Y[89,5:[MO8l56>?
8c,91/M393f5:/01[756
$M//6SOf5:316?5:2kS86m:3e32aP6n5:2o56U6k5[Y[5:SZ5[\R?[
:3p[9039,8q5/Q5:8r<f55:,?323YS2]:3sU86s/2tOU6M8893455:?56/Q5:
5:63@U/Q5:5:6@86Q5:835T2u/<3@8R?5:?56-o/6>X/Q5:5:6@86Q5:835P63
VW-X5:U6k5[Y[5:SZ5[\
:?O51OT6@86v5:35S`2a2wx/VW-X5:[=8/M/69=5:9a3T8r/M/6@
86v5:56s5:2m5/M/V3fS[MO8l56T2a/][=8/6y2z5:Re589,5:86o89w{5:
[MO/603@/VW-X5:/M/<p5U6N5U6v3R35S`\56?>?-,1565:63@U215:
U6M889345TP4/p89,5:/M/8^/6z/2o1U6w|5:>?/M/8^/6z//6l56U60
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
)

I. GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG
1.1 Linux là gì
LinuxR?8f5:}3/01[=86@23YS6?56[MO8l56>?/~5:R?8f56c856N5/01

2=/iSOY5‡>?P6p5•5:<p,[_88v8T2=835/_O/1,…P63V,VM56>e335-,;V‡
/~5:56wR?/M/2u/234[>Y:3M86?569‹TP6Q5:<oU6X86S=/>?,56?/S5:/qU
"=82u/8l565^389=3/015]R?2wx/U6M889345<\3[=8[Q6756U6M889345U6k5
[Y[5:SZ5[\63@SiSp
SO563f5T63@58c3VvRwx5:U6k5/z5:2wx/6y89x<\335S`>Œ5/€59q8
P63f[8v5V,>e335-,;V>7/M/8975623YSP6345863m8<o8w|5:86l/6>e3
35-,;V563YS6|5R?35S`6w5:89,5:8w|5:R13VvRwx5:U6k5/z5:2wx/
6y89x/6,35S`Vd8•5:Rf5
1.2 Những ưu điểm của Linux
F3568mT2]R?[=82u/234[P6Q5:864<•iS1/0135S`…l856q8R?2v3>e3
5we/8163@551O‡SO563f52v3>e335S`2]>Œ5/6w1R?8q8/pI5?O/€5
9q8563YSwS234[P6M/[?P6Q5:[=86@23YS6?565?,/]$6l5656‚5:2u/
234[5?O[e3R?5:SOf556N5P63m5/6,35S`5:?O/?5:89\5f5U6^<3m5
P6Q5:/6„\3@81[[?/p\89f586m:3e3
F3566,c8TSO45/6SO45
6w8Q32a89756<?O\89f5T35S`R?[=8I[a5:SZ5[\5f5<c5/]
8648bOˆVW1/6‚186.,56w[75686l/6…[3Ž5R?<c5/]20P3m586z/•••‡c5/]
864/6„56VW135S`>?/M/z5:-X5:89f52]V1,/6,U6b6xU>e3[75656q8
3@/3@86]135-,;V2wx/`.[R?P6Q5:8645mS56w<c5P6Q5:/]Vh2Z5:ˆ
>?6y89x/01"3/9,V,j8SO563f5>e335S`867<c5/]864R?[2wx/23YS5?O
[=8/M/62|5:3p56|5…861[P6p,86f[p5U6t[35S`2a2,c8:3p3
56q8)••)‡"u8P6M/-,35S`2wx/[=8/=5:2Z5:9q8Re556‚5:5:w{3
R?[U6k5[Y[/b5:U6M88934589f5/M/[Q389w{5:T6,?5/p56P6M/561S5f5
87[[=8U63f5<p5U6b6xU>e3OfS/kS/01<c5VdP6Q5:U6p3R?[=8>q52YiSM
P6]P6•5
Fl56R3566,c8/0135S`/€52wx/86463@5\/6y5]8w|5:86l/62wx/>e3
9q8  563YS  [Q3 89w{5:  3@5 8c3T 5:,?3 35S` -?56  /6,  V.9>.9T[MO  8l56 24
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
B


C

.9>.9I]R?-,35S`/]9q8563YSwS234[86•1[a52€36•3/01[=86@23YS
6?56[c5:A8l56<p,[_8/1,T/6cO^52o56T/M//|/6m/631V‹8?35:SOf5
8v831,86z/$†[?/6s5:81>Œ586qO5:?O51O/6l56R?[=8:31,86z/
89SOY5835/0135S`…V1S5?O[e32wx/2w1>?,35-,;V‡
F$6cO86v5:56q889f5/M/6@86v5:U6k5/z5:
b/6,/]9q8563YSU63f5<p535S`2wx//M/56?U6N5U6v3P6M/561S
<156?5656w5:5675/6S5:2YS/6cOP6M^52o5689f5[}3863m8<oU6k5/z5:T8r
58.RB&G2m556‚5:[MO.583S[[e356q8T8r56‚5:[MO/]-S5:Rwx5:("
/6„B"2m556‚5:[MO/]/qS6756/h/[c56…8q8563f5R?8v/2=VdP6M/561S
56w5:>Y5:SOf58‰/>Œ5/]864/6cO2wx/‡:SOf556N5R?35S`2wx/9q8
563YSR_U89756>3f5\563YS[Q389w{5:P6M/561S/b5:U6M889345…P6Q5:56w
35-,;V/6„-,"3/9,V,j8U6M889345‡>?<c5Vd<‰8:uU563YS5:w{3/]ƒ/b5:
/p565:=ƒ56w[756>?-Ž-?5:87[2wx//M/-93>.98w|5:z5:>e3863m8<o/01
[756l56/6q85?O6,?58,?589M35:wx/>e335-,;V"y3P63/][=8U63f5
<p535-,;V[e3912{3867<1,:3{P’[86.,2]/~5:R?[=8/|5P6M8>YU6k5
/z5:>7I[e386w{5:P6Q5:6y89x/M/863m8<oiSM/~
1.3 Một vài nhược điểm của Linux
b/6,63@551O35S`215:/]8v/2=U6M889345561566|56n535-,;V
56w5:P6M/6iS15[?5]3V,>e335-,;V35S`>Œ5/6w18642m5>e35:w{3
VW -X5:  /Sv3 I]  R? -,  35S` >Œ5  /€5 /] 56‚5: 56wx/ 234[ /v 6‚S
FI€36•35:w{3-b5:U6p386?5686c,A
9we/P31>3@/VW-X5:>?/qS675635S`2wx/`.[R?[=8/Q5:>3@//6„
-?56/6,56‚5:/6SOf5:31kS56w[}3/Q5:>3@/2YS86h/63@589f5/M/
-€5:R@56>?U6p3/qS675656{VW189h/83mU/M/j3R."u/-b89,5:56‚5:
U63f5<p5:k52NOT/M/I35S`2a/]56‚5:/p383m52M5:P4T56w5:V,
>e335-,;V8l5686N5863@5/0135S`>Œ5/€5R?[=8>q52YRe5INOR?
[=889,5:56‚5:5:SOf556N5/60OmSP63m535S`[u/-b/]9q8563YS2u/
8l56P“86S_88v856w5:>Œ5/6w12m52wx/>e35:w{3-b5:/Sv3

F• ,91…fedoraproject.org‡
F.<315…www.debian.org‡
F$.58,V…www.centos.org‡
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
*

F 58,…www.gentoo.org‡
F$35S`
PHẦN I. TỔNG QUAN VỀ HỆ ĐIỀU HÀNH LINUX
3.1 Một số lệnh cơ bản của Linux
6w/6s5:812a<3m8T35S`R?[=86@23YS6?56[a5:SZ5[\…,U.5FV,S9/.
‡>e3563YS8l565•5:P6Q5:86S1P‘[/M/6@23YS6?5663@551O>?2u/<3@8
35S`R?[3Ž5U6l
INOR?6@23YS6?562M5:835/_OT158,?5T5:?O/?5:86N5863@5>e35:w{3
-b5:>?2wx/6?5:5:?5R_U89756>3f589f586m:3e383mU8X/U6M889345I4>3@/
83mU/_5>e36@23YS6?565?O-Ž-?5:6|5T/6s5:8Q3`35:3e3863@S2m5/M/<c5
[=8Vv/NSR@56/|<p524/]86f86h/63@5[=8Vv/Q5:>3@/86Q5:-X5:86Q5:
iS1/|/6m-€5:R@56…$,[[15-35.‡
$|/6m-€5:R@56…$,[[15-35.‡R?/M/62|5:3p556q8248w|5:8M/>e36@
86v5:–S234[/015]R?86h/63@58M/>X561566|5V,>e3>3@//6s5:81VW
-X5::31,-3@52Z6,c
Dạng tổng quát của lệnh Linux có thể được viết như sau:
# [] 89,5:2]A
Ff5R@56R?[=8-aOPˆ8hTP6Q5:/]-qS/M/6T<34S86o/6,[=8R@56/0135S`
61O[=8/6w|5:89756:w{3-b5:/k56@23YS6?562MUz5:OfS/kS:7/01
[756867U6p3/6}52s5:8f5R@56f5R@56R?<‰8<S=/U6p3/]P63:•R@56
F$M/861[Vv/]864/]6,u/P6Q5:/]T2wx/>3m886.,iSO2o56/01R@56[?
/6s5:81VW-X5:T56”[/S5:/qU86Q5:835>Y/M/2v38wx5:[?R@568M/2=5:
8e3 ˆ5:6Š1 /01/M/ -qS —TT˜ 2wx/:3p3 86l/6\U6k5 iSO8‰/ >3m8R@56
$M/861[Vv2wx/U6N59186?56613R,c3A861[VvP6]1>?861[Vv>o89l61[

• /-A861O2^386w[X/R?[>3@/2m5[=886w[X/[e3
• [P-39A8c,86w[X/[e3
• 9[-39A`,M86w[X/9y5:
• /UA/,UO[=861O563YS8_U8352m586w[X/[e3
• [>A2^38f561O-3/6SO458_U835T86w[X/
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
E

• 9[A`]18_U835
• ;/A2m[Vv-€5:TVvPl8h89,5:8_U835
• 8,S/6A8c,[=88_U835
• /18A`.[5=3-S5:8_U835
• >3AP6\32=5:89756V,c586p,>•5<p5>3
• -jAP34[891-S5:Rwx5:2Š1
• -SA`.[-S5:Rwx5:2Š12a-b5:/6,[=8Vv8_U83556q82o56
@56P63R?[>3@/89f58.9[351R
• /R.19A`,M89‰5:/W1V^-€5:R@56
• -18.A`.[5:?OT:3{6@86v5:
• /1RA`.[Ro/66@86v5:
@56iSp5Rl6@86v5:
9U[AP34[891:]32a/?32u861O/6w1T6,u//?32u8[=8:]3T6,u/VW-X5:24:g
<•[=8:]3
UVAP34[8916@86v5:83m589756215:/6cO
P3RRA-r5:83m589756P6383m589756<o89.,$6„/]5:w{3-b5:VSU.9FSV.9[e3/]
864-r5:8q8/p/M/83m589756/€55:w{3-b5:<75686w{5:/6„/]864-r5:83m5
89756[?[7568c,91
8,UA634586oVh6,c82=5:/01/M/83m589756T2u/<3@8R?86Q5:835>Y8?35:SOf5
6@86v5:>?>3@/VW-X5:/M/8?35:SOf52]/018r5:83m589756
UV89 A634586o8q8/p/M/83m589756-we3-c5:/NO
VR UA/6,6@86v5:5:r5:6,c82=5:89,5:[=8P6,p5:86{3:315

5:?O51O2a2wx/8•5:8S^386}>€5:2{3/~5:56wP6p5•5:6y89x21-c5:6|5T
>?/6s5:6,?58,?5/]864P6Q5:VW-X5:j3R.6@86v5:P6Q5:86.,/6St5
š,S951R35:
F`8+>Y/•5<p5/6„R?`8)23P’[>e3š,S951R35:"X/2l/6/6l56/01`8+R?
8w|5:86l/65:wx/>e3`8)T>?-,>_O56‚5:^2Š1TU6N5>b5:/]864-Ž-?5:
2wx//6SO452^3:3‚1)/6m2=[?P6Q5:/k5U6p3j,9[1856w89we/P31SO
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%%

563f5T>q52Y>Œ5/€58Z58c3\2NOR?56‚5::3e36c5/01`8)>Œ5/€55:SOf5
89,5:`8+T>?wS234[/01`8+R?6,c82=5:56156T^52o566|59q8563YS
6Q5:86h/VhU6b6xU24R?[j3R.6@86v5:-?56/6,[MO/60<\3>7P6Q5:6y
89x8l565•5:8c,-3VPV51UV6,8>?j3R.2wx/P6Q3U6X/Vd9q8P6]24`]1<•V1S
5?O
F`8BA/~5::3v5:56w`8+TRwS:3‚2wx/56‚5:wS234[>?8l568w|5:86l/6
5:wx/>e3U63f5<p589we/2]6w>_OT/6s5:81/]864-Ž-?5:Pm86xU/M/
U6N5>b5:2o56-c5:`8)T`8+>?`8B89,5:/b5:%^2Š189,5:<S58S24
8•5:63@SVSq86,c82=5:9f586h/8mT`8B/]864:3p[<e863@58wx5:U6N5
[p56-‚R3@S89,5:^/z5:T6y89x/M/j3R.>?U6N5>b5:/]-S5:Rwx5:Re5
6l/66xU>e3^V,>e3`8+T8v/2=6,c82=5:561566|5V,>e3)U63f5
<p5`889we/2]T/~5:P6MU6b6xU246,c82=5:89f5V.9>.9T56w5:Rc3P6Q5:
<”5:`8+
F89•H86w{5:U6M8N[R?S88.96,u/.88.9•T63@58c3>Œ5215:89,5::313
2,c5U6M889345<\391/R.>?/]563YS8l565•5::3v5:>e3.3V.9•Ic3-3@5
/6,F9 •3R.OV8.[T6y89x8l565•5:U,,R89f5^/z5:T8c,>?RwS89‚
V51UV6,8T5‘5-‚R3@S\[z/2=/1,T/6v5:U6N5[p56-‚R3@S56156/6]5:
2wx/  863m8  Pm  93f5:  <3@8  -?56  /6,  /M/  -,156  5:63@U  /]  iSO  [Q  Re5
"u/-b89•P6Q5:6,c82=5:^52o5689f5%Vv5Y58p5:-3V89,56q82o56T
56w5:/Sv3/b5:8675]>Œ5R?Vh861O86m[u/2o56/01`8B>?/S5:/qU/6m2=
/6SO452^32o56-c5:56156/6]5:8r`8+†B,>_OT89•9q8U6b6xU246,c8

5^389=3>Y63@S5•5:TiSp5RˆV,>e3`8+†B
F••2wx/"U6M889345Rk52kS83f55•[%EE•TV1S2]/6SO45V15:35S`
I34[[c569q8-Ž56_586qO/01••R?83fS8v5l88?35:SOf56@86v5:T2c863@S
VSq86,c82=5:8v8>e3563YSj3R.-S5:Rwx5:Re5>?56•P6M/561S$M/U6N5
>b5:••/]864861O2^3Pl/686we/2wx/56w5:Rc3P6Q5:864V6935P56w
.3V.9•>?•T8SO563f55]Rc3/]8v/2=P34[891^2Š15615656q8V,>e3/M/
U63f5<p5`8
Fž•63@58c3>Œ5215:89,5::3132,c5U6M889345<\391/R.>e3563YS8l565•5:
8w|5:8h56w89jV>?.3V.9•"e3`Sq863@589,5:56‚5:5•[:k52NO>7/]
8352Z59”5:(UUR.Vd-b5:5]R?[j3R.6@86v5:[u/2o566X86S=/>?,86•1
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%+

86S_523YSP6,p5VW-X5:TS5$867ž•P6Q5:8w|5:86l/6>e36@86v5:
56N5P.95.R/0135S`T8SO563f5>Œ56y89x8,?5<=35S`ŸV•3R.VOV8.[35
V.9VU1/.H•24/]864VW-X5:2wx/ž•:w{3VW-X5:/]864:uUP6]
P6•5P63/?32u86@23YS6?5635S`>7/]OfS/kS•>?/]864P6Q5:2wx/
6y89x<\3-3V893<S8,9
F;1U/]864/,386h/VhP6Q5:U6p3R?%-c5:j3R.6@86v5:T<\3>7/|/6m6,c8
2=5:P6MP6M/<3@8T2wx/VW-X5:-we3%-c5:<=56ep,>?P6Q5:/]/qS89s/
j3R.6@86v5:/X8646Q5:864Pm86xU>?2}/-‚R3@S2wx/T56w5:Rc3/6„/]864
2wx/-b5:<\3P.95.R24:63861O2^3>?,^/z5:6Q5:86w{5:T5]/6„2wx/VW
-X5:P636@86v5:863mS6X8<=56e("6,u//6SO4589c5:86M3/01[MO8l56
>Y/6m2=3<.9518.
3.3 Hệ thống tệp tin và thư mục
"y36@23YS6?56/]/M/68^/6z/RwS89‚-‚R3@S93f5: [z/>_8RˆT2Š12wx/
2o56-c5:8r/M/86?56U6k5V./8,9T891/PT/OR35 9 [z/R,:3/T[y36@86v5:
VW-X5:/qS89s/93f5:T/]864-b5:/6„[X/61OU6N5/qU24/]864`M/2o56
2wx/-‚R3@S8r[z/R,:3/8e3[z/>_8Rˆ$M/68^/6z/56w>_O:}3R?6@86v5:
8_U835…j3R.VOV8.[‡

P’[2o1/6„T/b5:>e3563YS86Q5:835/qS6756P6M/
$M/86w>3@5-b5:/6S5:2wx//6z189,5:86w[X/†R3<63-b5:/6S5:
86w>3@5T563YS/6w|5:89756VdVW-X5:Rc3/b5:R,c3[aT6|55‚1P632wx//6z1
/b5:/6yT86w>3@5Vd:3sU:3p[8634SPl/6/g/6w|5:89756\P6l1/c5686{3:315
/6cO
 6w[X/† >/6z1/M/j3R.2u/<3@8:}3R? >3/.j3R.V…j3R.863m8<oT2wx/
6@86v5:VW-X5:24/6cO/M/U6k5/z5:l-Xj3R.† >†[,SV.Vd2}/86Q5:835
8r/6S=8638^/6z/VW-X5:U6k5/z5:86.,/M/65?OT35S`R?[/6,>3@/
8w|5:8M/>e3U6k5/z5:89Q5::3v5:56w[=8U6k5[Y[I3YS5?O/]5:6Š1R?
89,5:563YS89w{5:6xUT<c5/]864-b5:/sU6MU56wP63-b5:>e3-39./8,9O/01
[756  89f5  2Š1  [Y[T  81  /]  864  -b5:  R@56A819  F/-j  † >†j-•  81/P.88  
 † >†j-•/6„/6,R@56819<3m8U6p3-b5:2Š1[Y[63YS863m8<o89,5:86w
[X/† >2wx/8_U6xU86?5656][R,:3/1Rp5:%%3@8Pf/M/863m8<oU6^
<3m556q889,5:86w[X/† >
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%C

Bảng 1.1: Các thiết bị thường dùng chứa trong thư mục /dev
•3R.863m8<o .V/93U83,5
† >†/,5V,R. ?5:31,83mU6@86v5:TR?[?567565v3Pm8>_8Rˆ>e36@86v5:
† >†6-¡
31, -3@5-93>.9 /6,/M/ ^ /z5: 63m8 <o† >†6-1% /6„
U198383,52kS83f589f5^/z5:61-63m8<o† >†61-/6„8,?5<=^
/z5:6-1
† >†V-¡
31,-3@5-93>.9/6,/M/^2Š1$6‚5:^2Š1>?U198383,55?O
/]/b5:iSOwe/>e3863m8<o† >†6-¡
† >†j-¡
93>.9863m8<o6y89x2Š1[Y[¢2Š1[Y[2kS83f5R?† >†j-•T^
86z613R?† >†j-%

8c[  5:?O  /?5:  563YST  j3R.  VOV8.[  :v/  Vd  56156  /6]5:  <o  2kO
 6w[X/†6,[.R?86w[X//|V\/01/M/6,[.-39./8,9O/6,/M/SV.9
Sp589o>3f586w{5: 2u8†6,[.86?56j3R.VOV8.[93f5:9d56”[8c,563YS
P6,p5:89v5:/6,SV.9VW-X5::,?3915mS6@86v5:[MO<c5/]563YSSV.9T
<c55f5/63186w[X/†6,[.86?56563YSj3R.VOV8.[P6M/561Sl-X<c5/]864
8c,91†6,[.†>5.`U.98V/6,/M/86?56>3f5/0156][23YS6?56/01/Q5:8O
>?†6,[.†1-[35/6,iSp589o>3f5"y386w[X/56w86mVdR?[=8j3R.VOV8.[
93f5:T  <f5  -we3  /]  6,[.  -39./8,9O  93f5:  /6,  /M/  SV.9  8w|5:  z5:
 6w[X/†>19RwS/M/j3R./]864861O2^3Pl/686we/86.,86{3:31563YS
j3R.2•5:56_U6@86v5:…VOV8.[R,:j3R.‡86w{5:5”[89,5:86w[X/5?O6w
[X/†>19†VU,,R/b5:>e3/M/86w[X//,5-b5:24/6z1-‚R3@S56w8358z/6,u/
86w  8l5  [e3  56_5  2wx/T  6,u/  :3p  215:  /6{  :W3  23  5|3  P6M/
 6w[X/†SV9>?/M/86w[X//,59q8iS1589}5:/6,6@86v5:35S`T<\3
>7/6z12h5:563YS86w[X/89,5:2]/]56‚5:/6w|5:89756/k5863m856q8/6,
6@86v5:6‚5:86w[X//qU-we3/01†SV9/6z1/M/:]3U6k5[Y[Re5[?<c5
2a/?32u8p5:%):3e3863@S[=8Vv86w[X//qU-we3/01†SV9 6kS6m8[}3
89w{5:  6xU  86w  [X/†SV92wx/  863m8  R_U  56w  R?  [=8  j3R.  VOV8.[  93f5:  9d
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%*

Bảng 1.2 Các thư mục thứ cấp quan trọng trong file system /usr.
6w  [X/  86z
/qU
.V/93U83,5
†SV9†<35 wS563YSj3R.8636?56/016@86v5:
†SV9†.8/ wS563YSj3R./qS67566@86v5:
†SV9†35/RS
c32NO>?89,5:563YS86w[X//qU-we3/01†SV9†35/RS R?5|3
RwS8q8/p/M/j3R.P’[86.,<=<3f5-o/6$6‚5:j3R.6.1 9
5?O2o565:6Š1/M/6”5:>?6?[-b5:89,5:R_U89756<”5:$

56q8/0156?89w{5:>Y875667566}/8_UF863/WT61OiSM897566}/8_U87566756
2•5:Pl2Y8?3Vd2m5>e3V356>3f5[=8/M/656156/6]5:PoU86{3T89M5656‚5:
U63Y56?[?U6w|5:86z/:31,83mU89SOY586v5:86w{5::uUU6p3
_O56S/kS<?38,M5iSp5Rˆ;.<V38.2•5:Pl2Y8?38v85:63@U/]56S/kS
56wV1SA
1. Nhu cầu
1.1 Về giao diện
• $6w|5:89756U6p36,?58,?5<”5:83m5:3@8
• 31,-3@5-Ž634ST86N5863@5>e35:w{3-b5:
• ŽVW-X5:T56‚5:5:w{3P6Q5:<3m88356}//]864VW-X5:2wx//6w|5:
89756
• ¥8861,8M/
1.2 Về chức năng.
1.2.1 Thành viên
• "y3V356>3f5/][=88?3P6,p5P632•5:56_U>?,/]86486.,-•3>?2•5:
Pˆ[Q56}//01[756
• "y3V356>3f5/]864:W3/NS6•386‰/[‰/
• .[/M/86Q5:835/6S5:89f58915:;.<[?56?89w{5:/_U56_8
• .[/M/Pm6,c/686h/63@5
• .[-156VM/6/M/2Y8?32a2•5:Pl/]86460O>?2•5:PlRc3[Q56}/
P6M/
• ¦¦
1.2.2 Người quản trị
• :w{3iSp589o/]8642•5:56_U8?3P6,p5T861O2^35=3-S5:/018915:
;.<T86.,-•3/M/86Q5:83589f58915:;.</~5:56w875667562•5:Pl
6}//01V356>3f5T89pR{3/M//NS6•386‰/[‰//01/M/V356>3f5T¦
• $]8q8/p/M//6z/5•5:86f[`]1TVW1861O2^38,?5<=:31,-3@5/01
8915:;.<
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
%E

• MONDAGKY:"1"T"1
• "$A"1"T.5"T3.[T3.[T"1
• ($(A",5T3.[T"1V>
Thực thể Đặc trưng Thuộc tính Ghi chú
SINHVIEN "1 ,8SRR "aV356>3f5
.5 f5V356>3f5
"1,U "aReU
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
)•

:356 :?OV356V356>3f5
$ Io1/6„V356>3f5
 v23f586,c3V356>3f5
[13R [13RV356>3f5
$6S/S $6z/>XV356>3f5
MONDANG
KY
"1" ,8SRR "a2Y8?3
"1 "aV356>3f5
DiemthiDH
.563356 ,8SRR f586lV356
",5 "Q5863
3.[ I34[863
DIEMHOC
"1" ,8SRR "a"Q56}/
.5" f5[Q56}/
3.[ I34[P34[891%
3.[) I34[P34[891)
3.[ I34[89S5:<756
MONHOC

.5"
3.[
3.[)
3.[
"1"
.5"
,$
3-
838R.
-§:9,S5-
D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
))

U6,8,
8,[818
813R
-18.

D"%EF"%FGHIJ$$K L
)+

NO-h5:-156VM/6<p5:/6l5686z/
h1>?,>3@/U6•5:>q5>?8r/M/89w{5:V|<=T89w{5:-Œ5`Sq881/]
864`NO-h5:2wx/-156VM/6/M/<p5:/6l5686z/A
Tên bảng Kiểu dữ liệu của
bảng
Mô tả bảng
SINHVIEN 18181<R.
• wS  /M/  86Q5:  835A"1T  .5T
"1,UT$TT[13RT$6S/S