1REVISION I.
Tenses

I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE:
1. Form:
- I,You, We, They + Verb ( infinitive without to)
- He, She, It + Verb -s/es
2. Usage:
- Diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại:
+ He watches TV every night.
+ We go to school by bicycle.
+ She often gets up late on Sundays.
- Diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
+ The sun rises in the East.
+ Tom comes from Britain.
+ They are students.
- Nói về thời khoá biểu (timetables), chương trình (programmes):
+ The plane leaves for Ho Chi Minh city at 11.30 a.m.
+ Johnny departs for Australia tomorrow.
+ The comedy begins at eight o'clock.
- Dùng sau các cụm từ chỉ thời gian: when, as soon as, và những cụm từ chỉ điều kiện : if,
unless.
+ We will not believe you unless we see it ourselves.
+ As soon as the football match begins, people start shouting.
+ If she asks you, tell her that you do not know.
3. Spelling:

nguyên mẫu)
+ Does her father like tea?
+ Do they do their homework everyday?

II. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:
1. Form:
- I + am
- He, She, It + is + V-ing
You, We, They + are
2. Usage:
- Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài ở một thời gian ở hiện tại, thường đi kèm
với các cụm từ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, at the moment, at present.
Ex:
+ The children are playing football now.
+ What are you doing at the moment?
- Dùng theo sau các câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị:
+ Listen! The baby is crying.
+ Be quiet! The children are sleeping in the next room.
- Diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần:
+ She is coming tomorrow.
+ My grandparents are planting trees tomorrow.
3. Spelling:
* Nếu "v" có tận cùng là "e" thì bỏ "e" trước khi thêm "ing".
+ come coming; smile smiling
* Nếu "v" một âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm mà trước nó là một nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi
phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ing".
+ run running; sit  sitting
* Nếu "v" có 2 hoặc hơn 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là một phụ âm mà trước nó là một nguyên
âm, và trọng âm lại rơi vào âm tiết cuối ,ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm "ing".
+ begin beginning.

4. The sun always ( rise) in the east. Look, it (rise) now.
5. I (hear) you. I ( know) what you( say).
6. The concert ( start) at 7.30 this evening.
7. She (have) coffee for breakfast every morning.
8. I ( see) that you (wear) your best clothes.
9. She sometimes ( buy) vegetables at this market.
10. Listen! Somebody (sing).

III. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE:
1. Form:
- I You, We, They , He, She, It + V-
ed
- Regular verbs: là những "v" có qui tắc như: work, die, stay, play, like, love , live
- Irregular verbs: là những "v" bất qui tắc có 3 dạng như sau:

Simple present Simple past Past participle.
do did done 4

go
sleep
have
went
slept
had
gone
slept
had

* Ngoài 2 trường hợp trên các "v" có qui tắc còn lại có các âm cuối như: m, n, ỗ, r , l, i,
d3, sau khi thêm "ed" ta đọc là "d".
+ play [plei]  played/ pleid/

EXERCISE 2 .
Which underlined part is pronounced differently from the others?
1. A. planted B. punished C. decided D. attended
2. A. brushed B. watched C. earned D. danced
3. A. tried B. lived C. looked D. travelled
4. A. needed B. enjoyed C. played D. delayed 5

5. A. cooked B. invited C. arranged D. specialized
6. A. succeeded B. improved C. travelled D. designed
7. A. shared B. borrowed C. owned D. backed
8. A. escaped B. advised C. described D. exchanged
9. A. booked B. survived C. laughed D. typed
10. A. changed B. crashed C. jumped D. introduced

IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:
1. Form:
- I , He, She, It + was + V-ing
- You, We, They + were + V-ing
2. Usage:
- Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian trong quá khứ.
+ Yesterday, Mr Moore was working in the laboratory all the afternoon.
+ What were you doing from 2 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday?
- Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm ở trong quá khứ.


1. Form:

- I ,We + shall
- I, You, He, She, It, They + will + V-bare infinitive

- Bare infinitive: "v" nguyên thể không có to
* Negative form:
S + will/shall + not + V (bare-inf).
+ will not  won't
+ shall not  shan't
* Interrogative form:
Will / Shall+ S + V (bare-inf) ?.

2. Usage:
- Dùng khi ta quyết định làm việc gì vào lúc nói.
+ A: Did you phone Mary?
B: Oh, no, I forgot. I 'll phone her now.
+ Oh, I've left the door open. I will go and shut it.
- Dùng để yêu cầu ai đó làm việc gì.
+ Will you close the door?
+ Will you please be quiet?
- Dùng để đề nghị làm điều gì:
+ That suitcase looks heavy. I will help you carry it.
+ I'll bring it back this afternoon.
- Đồng ý hay từ chối làm điều gì.
+ You know that book I lent you? Shall I have it back?
+ A: I need some money.
B: Don't worry. I will lend you some.
- Dùng để hứa hẹn làm điều gì đó:

+ My father is retiring.
+ Where are you going to spend your holiday?
* Phân biệt cách dùng Simple present & Near future:
- Dùng will/ shall khi ta quyết định làm điều gì đó vào lúc nói, trước đó ta chưa có ý định
gì.
+ Jom: My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you repair it for me?
Father: Okay, but I can't do it now. I'll repair it tomorrow.
- Dùng be going to khi ta đã quyết định làm điều gì đó rồi.
+ Mother: Can you repair Jim's bicycle? It has a flat tyre.
Father: Yes, I know. He told me. I'm going to repair it tomorrow. EXERCISE 4
Supply the correct verb forms: Simple future or Simple present:
1. After the class (be) over, ask the teacher about that sentences.
2. We'll go out when the rain (stop).
3. I (stay) here until he (answer) me.
4. Wait until I (catch) you.
5. I (send) you some postcards as soon as I (arrive) in Hanoi.
6. I (wait) here until you (come) back tomorrow.
7. I (come) and (see) you before I leave here.
8. Mary (not come) until you (be) ready.
9. Miss Laura (help) you as soon as she ( finish) that letter tomorrow.
10. They (go) home as soon as they have finished their work.

VII. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE :
1. Form: 8

* Note:
- Ta thường dùng " just" với thì HTHT :
+ Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. I've just had lunch.
- Dùng "for" để chỉ khoảng thời gian của hành động, dùng "since" để chỉ thời điểm mà
hành động bắt đầu.
+ He has worked here for five months.
+ I have learnt English since 1990.
- Dùng "yet" trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn, dùng "already" trong câu khẳng định.
+ Has John called yet?
+ I've already posted the letter for my friend.
+ He has already started his new job.
- Dùng "ever", "never" với thì HTHT: 9

+ Have you ever eaten snake meat?
+ He has never been here.
- Dùng HTHT sau hình thức so sánh cao nhất:
+ What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen.
- Dùng HTHT với : This is the first time, It is the first time
+ It is the fisrt time I 've been here.
+ This is the first time he has driven a car.
- Gone to khác với been to:
+ Marian has gone to Italy. ( Câu này có nghĩa Marian đang ở nước Ý hoặc đang
trên đường đi đến nước Ý)
+ Marian has been to Italy. ( Câu này có nghĩa Marian đã ở nước Ý trong quá khứ
nhưng bây giờ cô ấy không còn ở đó nữa).
- Dùng HTHT với this morning, this evening/ today/ this week/ this term khi những thời


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* Hành động xảy ra sau: Dùng thì Simple past.
+ When I got up this morning, my father had already left.
+ After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed.
+ It was the most difficult question that I had ever known.
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
+ We had lived in that town before 1980.

EXERCISE 6
Supply the correct verb forms: Simple past or Past perfect:
1. After they had gone, I (sit) down and (have) rest.
2. He (forget) what I (tell) him. I (remind) him many times, but he still (not bring) what I
(want).
3. What he (be) when he ( be) young?
4. It was the first time I (ever see) such a beautiful girl.
5. He (ask) me whether I (see) his pen on the table. I (tell) him that I (not see) it around.
6. If you (wait) only a little while longer, you would have met her. You (not see) her since we
last (meet) two years ago.
7. They (go) home after they (finish) their work.
8. They told me they (not eat) such kind of food before.
9. After taking a bath, he (go) to bed.
10. When we came to the stadium, the match ( already begin).

IX. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE :
1. Form:

S + have/has + been + V-ing
2. Usage:

A. don't meet B. have never met C. not meet D. didn't meet
10. He __________ last month and since then he __________ out of work.
A. loses/ is B. lost/was C. loses/ has been D. lost/has been
11. George __________ at the university so far.
A. has worked B. is working C. works D. worked
12. They __________ the Christmas dinner at the moment.
A. prepare B. prepared C. are preparing D. will prepare
13. When I last stayed in Cairo, I rode to Pyramids on a camel that my friend __________
the day before.
A. has borrowed B. had borrowed C. borrowed D. borrows
14. Listen! The bird __________.
A. sing B. sang C. is singing D. was singing
15. Did you speak to Mrs. Black yesterday?
- No , I __________her for a long time.
A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. don't see D. not see
16. People __________English in most of Canada.
A. spoke B. speaks C. have spoken D. speak
17. We __________in Paris for a month when the Second World War __________ out.
A. lived/ broke B. had lived/broke C. have lived/break D. live/break
18. Yesterday the police reported that they __________the thief.
A. captured B. had captured C. have captured D. captures
19. What __________ when I rang you last night?
A. did you do B. have you done C. are you doing D. were you doing
20. When the teacher __________ in, the pupils __________ games.
A. came/ were playing B. comes/ play
C. came/ played D. was coming/ played
21. Up to now, the teacher __________ our class five tests.
A. gives B. has given C. gave D. is giving
22. John __________ born when his father __________.
A. was/died B. is/ died C. was/had died D. has been/ died

to sing  singer
d. __________or ( người )
+ to deposit  depositor [di'pɔzitə] người gửi tiền ở ngân hàng
+ to act  actor
+ to instruct  instructor [in'strʌktə] người dạy, huấn luyện viên
+ to invent  inventor
e. __________ant ( người )
+ to assist  assistant
+ to account  accountant [ə'kauntənt] nhõn viờn kờ́ toán
+ to apply  applicant
+ to contest  contestant [kən'testənt] đấu thủ, đối thủ, người tranh giải.
f. __________ing (việc , nghề )
+ to teach  teaching
+ to poison  poisoning
+ to dirty  dirtying
+ to understand  understanding
g. __________age ( sự )
+ to drain  drainge
h. __________ar (người ) 13

+ to beg  beggar
i. __________ ance ( người)
+ to resist  resistance
2. Một số danh từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố (Suffixes) vào sau (n):
a. __________ship.
+ friend  friendship
+ scholar  scholarship ['skɔlə∫ip] sự uyên thâm

b. under____ ( ở dưới)
+ achievement  underachievement
+ growth  undergrowth bụi cây thấp; tầng cây thấp
+ clothes  underclothes
+ pass  underpass đường chui
c. sur _____( ở trên, bên ngoài) 14

+ face  surface
+ name  surname
+ plus  surplus ['sə:pləs] số dư, số thừa; số thặng dư
d. sub _____( ở dưới)
+ way  subway đường ngầm
+ continent  subcontinent [,sʌb'kɔntinənt] tiểu lục địa,
+ committee  subcommittee ['sʌbkəmiti] phân ban, tiểu ban (trong một UB)
* Others:
- Adj tận cùng là "t"  "cy" : urgent  urgency
- Adj tận cùng là "t"  "ce" : patience.
II. Adjective formations: (Sự thành lập tính từ)
1. Một số tính từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố (suffixes) vào sau danh từ.
a. ____ful (đầy)
+ harm  harmful
+ use  useful
+ success  successful
+ hope  hopeful

+ fool  foolish
+ self  selfish ['selfi∫] ích kỷ
+ child  childish ngây ngô; như trẻ con, hợp với trẻ con.
g. _____al (thuộc về)
+ magic  magical
+ agriculture  agricultural
+ industry  industrial
+ nature  natural
h. ______ ous
+ poison  poisonous
+ nerve  nervous
+ danger  dangerous
+ fame  famous
2. Một số tính từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố vào sau động từ:
a. ______ive ( có tính chất)
+ act  active
+ progress  progressive
+ abort  abortive
+ attract  attractive
b. _____able ( có thể)
+ accept  acceptable
+ count  countable
+ achieve  achieveable
+ agree  agreeable
3. Một số tính từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố vào trước tính từ mang nghĩa
phủ định:
a. un_____(không)
+ happy  unhappy
+ fortunate  unfortunate
+ lucky  unlucky

+ weigh  outweigh
+ number  outnumber
2. Noun /adj + en  Verb.
+ deep  deepen
+ length  lengthen
3. Noun /adj + ize  Verb.
+ critic  criticize
+ modern  modernize
4. Thêm tiền tố : En_____( bỏ vào, làm cho, gây ra)
+ danger  endanger
+ case  encase (cho vào thùng, túi)
+ rich  enrich
+ large  enlarge
+ close  enclose bỏ kèm theo; gửi kèm theo
+ act  enact
+ force  enforce làm cho có sức mạnh
EXERCISE 8
Supply the correct word form:
1. They made a __________ about the heating. (COMPLAIN)
2. It's hard to find __________ in the supermarket. (ACCOMMODATE)
3. She has a large __________ of stamps. (COLLECT)
4. He made an unfavorable __________ between food in his country and mine. (COMPARE)
5. How serious is her __________? ( ILL)
6. She gave a __________ of the new computer. (DEMONSTRATE) 17

1. Active sentence: Là câu mà chủ ngữ làm chủ hành động.
+ Mr. Smith teaches English.
2. Passive sentence: Là câu mà chủ ngữ bị tác động hoặc được làm bởi một chủ thể khác.
+ English is taught by Mr. Smith.
3. Change from an active sentence into a passive sentence:
*Form:
- Active: S + V + O

- Passive: S + be (chia) + past participle + by + O
* Note:
- Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt bổ ngữ đó sau tân ngữ (O).
- Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt bổ ngữ đó trước "by".
*Ex: + The police found the boy thirty minutes ago. 18

 The boy was found by the poliuce thirty minutes ago.
+ The police found the boy in the forest.
 The boy was found in the forest by the police.
+ The police found the boy in the forest thirty minutes ago.
 The boy was found in the forest by the police thirty minutes ago.
II. FORMATION:
1. Simple present tense:

S + am/is/are + past participle - Ann writes a letter.
 A letter is written by Ann.

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6. Past perfect tense:

S + had + been + past participle

- Ann had written a letter.
 A letter had been written by Ann.
7. Simple future tense:
I, We + will/shall
+be + past participle

He, She, It, You, They + will

- Ann will write a letter.
 A letter will be written by Ann.
8. Future of intention :

S + am/is/are + going to +be + past participle

- Ann is going to write a letter.
 A letter is going to be written by Ann.
9. Modal verbs:
- can, may, ought to, should, would, could, might. S + modal verb + be + past participle

- You can see him now.
 He can be seen now.

Active: S + get (got) + O (person) + to inf. + O (thing)

Passive: S + get (got) + O (thing) + past participle (+ by +O(person))

- I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
2. Verbs of perception "see, watch, hear " (Động từ chỉ giác quan).
*
Active: S + verb + O + bare inf/V-ing

Passive: S + be + past participle + to inf./V-ing

- They saw her come in.
 She was seen to come in.
3. Verbs of opinion: say, think, believe,report, rumour (đồn) ( Động từ chỉ ý kiến).
*
Active: S + verb + that + clause ( S
2
+V
2
+O
2
)

Passive: It + (be) + past participle + that + clause.
S
2
+ be + past participle + to infi./ to have + past participle.

- People say that he is a famous doctor.

Change the following sentences from active to passive:
1. People speak English all over the world.
 English
2. Somebody has taken my briefcase.
 My briefcase
3. The teacher returned our written work to us.
 Our written work
4. They didn't allow Jim to take these books home.
 Jim wasn't
5. People drink a great deal of tea in England.
 A great
6. We can't make tea with cold water.
 Tea
7. Jane was writing a poem.
 A poem
8. Do they teach English here?
 Is
10. They didn't look after the children properly.
 The children
11. Is she going to write a poem?
 Is
12. How many days did she spend finishing the work?
 How many days
13. Who looked after the children for you?
 Who
14. Will buses bring the children home? 22


 The prisoner
9. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
 The thieves
10. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
 Two people
11. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
 Three men
12. It is said that he is 110 years old.
 He
13. They rumoured the man was still living.
 The man
14. They declared that she won the competition.
 She 23

15. People believed that 13 is an lucky number.
 Number 13
16. People believed that the earth stood still.
 The earth
17. They say that Jim is the brightest student in class.
 Jim
18. Luckily for me, they didn't call my name.
 Luckily

EXERCISE 10
Change the following sentences from active to passive:
1. He orders us to help him.
 He orders us that he must be helped by us.
24

17. They say that Jim is the brightest student in class.
 Jim is said to be the brightest student in class.
18. Luckily for me, they didn't call my name.
 Luckily for me, my name wasn't called.
19. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.
 Books borrowed from the library must be taken care .
20. No one believes his story.
 His history isn't believed/ is believed by no one.
21. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
 Will she be invited to your wedding party?
22. Must we finish the test before ten?
 Must
19. We must take good care of books borrowed from the library.
 Books borrowed
20. No one believes his story.
 His history
21. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
 Will
22. Must we finish the test before ten?
 Must

* For time: (Cho thời gian)
At được dùng trước các cụm từ chỉ thời gian sau:
- at 5 o'clock, at 6 p.m, at 1 a.m (giờ)
- at night.
- at Christmas, at Easter, at Whitsun.
- at once (ngay lập tức)
- at last ( cuối cùng)
- at the moment (bây giờ)
- at present (bây giờ, hiện tại)
- at weekends.
* For place: (cho nơi chốn)
- at home
- at the theatre
- at the seaside
- at the grocer's; at the hairdresser's; at the doctor's
- at school
- at the corner of the street.
- at the top
- at the bottom
- at the foot of the page
- at the beginning, at the end ( of the lesson )
- at the shop
- arrive at the airport; rainway station
Note: (v) arrive đi với giới từ at thường để chỉ những nơi nhỏ, không được dùng với thành
phố lớn hay đất nước.
- arrive in + thành phố lớn/ đất nước.
2. IN:
* For time: In được dùng trước:
- Năm (year): in 1980; in 1970; in 2006
- Tháng (month): in June; in May; in August