INTRODUCTION
1. Overview of the dissertation
Since the Militia Act was enacted, construction activity of
militia force under Military Region 1 on politics has been led and
directed by the Command’s Party executive committee and the
committees, the local authorities. Thus, the level of political
enlightenment, ethics, lifestyle and capacity to implement the
responsibilities and duties of the militia force are improved, contributing
to strengthening the leadership of executive committee, effective
management of the authorities, maintaining political stability, social
security at local and grassroots levels. However, during the current
period, there are many new issues affecting political consciousness of
militia force under Military Region 1. Those are the transformations of
social - class structure in our country, rich - poor gap, diverse & complex
participants of militia force; and building self-defense force at
enterprises which are not state-owned the enemies’ plot of
"depoliticizing" the armed forces. Therefore, it’s necessary to research,
summarize and draw experiences to improve the political quality of
forces of militia force under Military Region 1 in recent years, study the
new theoretical & practical issues, contributing to provide scientific
basis to improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period.
The research "Improve the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1 in the current period" contributes to clarify the
basic issues in theory and practice; propose basic solutions to improve
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the
current period. To perform this task, the dissertation author based on the
theory of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh ideology and the Party’s
reformative views & policies; uses the research results of some works
published in recent years related to the dissertation topic. At the same
time, the dissertation author has conducted fieldwork on the actual

management of the people's armed forces, undermining political
thought, ethics and lifestyle of the armed forces in general and militia
force in particular That fact requires more care in building and
improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
In recent years, grasping throughly the Party’s views and
policies and the Militia Act, the development of militia force under
Military Region 1 has had a positive change in leadership, direction and
implementation. Thus, the political quality of militia force is basically
maintained, synthetic quality is improved, contributing to strengthening
the leadership of the executive committee, effective management of the
government, political stability, social security and safety at the local &
grassroots level. However, the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1, especially in the remote areas, ethnic minority areas
and border areas has not met the mission’s requirements, with not high
operational efficiency, especially when there are complex political and
social situations at the local & grassroots level.
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With a relatively long time working in the local military
authorities of Military Region 1, the author chooses the research issue
“Improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in
the current period” as the doctoral dissertation topic in political science,
major in building the Party and the State government. The topic does not
overlap researches published in recent years and is in accordance with
the code of the major in building the Party and the State government.
3. Research purpose of the dissertation topic
On the basis of clarifying basic theoretical and practical issues in
improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1,
contributing to building the strong militia force under Military Region 1
completing all tasks.
4. Research subject and scope

1.1. Foreign researches related to the dissertation topic
In the Soviet Union there are some researches on the guerilla
force during the war to protect the country from 1941 to 1945. The work
on Marxism - Leninism theory about the war and the Army of the Soviet
Ministry of National Defense, translated and issued by the People's Army
Publishing House in 1975 generalizes and analysizes the leadership
activities of the Soviet Communist Party and State in the leadership,
direction, building the organization and operation of the militia in the war
to defend the socialism. This issue stems from the theoretical point of
Marxism - Leninism on the nature of justice and the role of the masses in
the war of national defense; waging the people's war to protect the
socialist Fatherland, deriving from the experience and traditions of
Russian people. However, the works of the Soviet Union only refer to the
need to organize the building of guerrilla force when the war to protect the
socialist Fatherland happens and do not mention the need to organize the
building of this force at peace. This is the difference between the
construction and use of militia force of the Soviet Union and that of
Vietnam.
In China, there is the Civil force. Article 36 of the Law on
Military Service of China defines Civil force as the organization of the
armed mass who still keep production, the assistant and the reserve force
of People's Liberation Army of China. The Civil force is developed not
only at war, but also in peacetime to protect the revolutionary
achievements, and prepare to wage the people’s war to protect the
Fatherland. Mentioning the functions and duties of the Civil force, this
work clarifies that the Civil force has the responsibility to protect,
respect and support the revolutionary government, follow the
Constitution and laws of the State, defend peaceful life of the people,
and impact the productive & labor front. The political work in building
the Civil force needs to educate each militia aware of their own

the country's militia force in the revolutionary periods.
In 1970, Comrade Le Duan [40], the former General Secretary
of the Communist Party of Vietnam composed the work Under the
glorious flag of the Party for the independence, freedom and socialism
towards gaining new victories. General Vo Nguyen Giap, the Minister
of National Defense wrote the work Master the policy on people's war,
defeat the destructive war of American imperialism, the People's Army
Publishing House, 1975. General Van Tien Dung, the former Minister of
National Defense wrote his work The power of national defense of
Vietnamese people in 1979.
The General department of politics: The Party & political work in
the construction and operation of militia. Political Academy: The
curriculum on the party and political work in the local military work.
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Department of Militia: The State writing system on the militia works and
national defense education (2011). Academy of National Defense (2002):
Curriculum on the Party and political work in the local military work and
national defense. Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy (2004):
Curriculum on national defense, security and foreign affairs. Follow the
directive of the Party's Central Military Commission, currently the Central
Military Commission, the units & localities summated 6 years (2002-
2008) of implementing Directive 16 - CT / TW dated 5 October 2002 of
the Secretariat on strengthening the Party’s leadership over militia force
and the reserve force in the new situation, from communes, wards and
towns to the centre; summarizing 12 years of implementing the Ordinance
on militia force held from communal level to the military region, the
central ministry and sector. Along with the works of academies, schools,
research and directing institutions, since the twelfth National Assembly
passed the Militia Act, many scientific staff and leaders have managed,
researched and grasped thoroughly the views of the Party and the laws of

sectors and localities focus on directing the building of militia force in 2011
under the provisions of the Militia Act", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 41 (85), p.3-6. Colonel Nguyen Duc Vang (2011),
"The localities concentrate on directing the education, fostering & training
officers and training militia in 2011", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 41 (85 ), p.7-9. Colonel Luu Cong Trieu (2011), "Widely
register and manage militia is a content in building the strong and
widespread militia force", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No. 43 (87), p.6-7. Colonel, Assoc. Prof, Dr. Le Duy Chuong (2010),
"Raising the political skill and spirit for militia officers in mountainous
border area in the current period", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No.39 (83), p.23-25. Nguyen Tien Dung (2011), "Some
experience in developing the Party’s members of militia force in the
localities of the Central Highlands area", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No.40 (84), p.23-25. Tran Dinh Trong (2011), "Military
Party Committee of Quang Binh district, Ha Giang Province well does the
advising work to develop the Party’s members of militia and reserve
forces", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88),
p.55-56. Nguyen Minh Trieu (2011), "Actual situation and solutions in
training basic military officers on the area of Military Region 9", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 44 (88), p.22-24.
In 2011, the Institute of social sciences and military humanities
had a topic on improving the political quality of militia force today.
Researching the actual implementation of the scheme on building the
typical model in organization, training, operation and measures for
managing militia according to the Government’s decision No. 1902/QD-
TTg dated 15 October 2010, Lieutenant General Hoang Chau Son,
Bureau Chief of militia wrote the work: Replication of the typical model
in militia force, Journal on National Defence, No. 2 in 2013.
* Researches on the organization of building and operation of

"The results and some experience in organization for building militia
force of Lang Son province", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No.43 (87), p.8-11. Nguyen Ngoc Sang (2010), "Education
on politics - law and military training for militia force of Bac Ninh
province in 2009 – Some raised issues", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 32 (76), p.32-34. Le Dac Phuong (2011),
"Some experiences in implementing the education on national defense
and security of Bac Kan Province", Journal on Militia - National
Defence Education, No. 47 (91), p.20-21. Nguyen Xuan Binh (2011),
"Looking back at the results of one year training military officers at
communal level with college level of basic military major in the Military
School of Military Region 1", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 48 (92 ), p.13-16. Nguyen Kim Thai (2010), "Huu Lung
District of Lang Son Province with fostering knowledge of national
defense - security", Journal on Militia - National Defence Education,
No.32 (76), p.11-13. Doan Van Quan (2011), "Innovate the teaching
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methods and improve the quality of education - training of military
school in Bac Ninh Province", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 45 (89), p.36-38. Mac Vuong Long (2011), "Improve the
effectiveness of the party and political works in building, training and
operation of militia and reserve force of Son Dong district", Journal on
Militia - National Defence Education, No. 46 (90), p.29-31. Tran Cong
Duong (2011), "Lang Son City successfully organized the contest on
legal awareness of militia", Journal on Militia - National Defence
Education, No. 45 (89), p.17-18.
In a general view, foreign works as well as domestic researches
on militia force are all based on Marxist – Leninist theory to interprete
the political nature, functions, duties, construction and operation
principles of militia force. Particularly the works of the collective and

4. Research content of the dissertation topic
- Research the perspective on political quality and improving the
political quality and issues of principle to improve the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1.
- Properly assess the actual situation & causes; draw experience
to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
- Study the impacting factors, requirements and basic solutions
to improve the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1
in the current period.
5. Research methods of the dissertation topic
Applying the methodology of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi
Minh thought and the Party's perspective, the dissertation uses the
research methods of the specialized science and interdisciplinary
science, which focuses on the systematic – structural method, analyzing,
synthesizing and summarizing the practice, logical - historical,
comparative, statistical, field survey, sociological survey and expert
methods to research and interprete the scientific content of the
dissertation topic.
Chapter 1
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES IN IMPROVING
THE POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA FORCE
UNDER MILITARY REGION 1
1.1. Militia and the political quality of the militia force under
Military Region 1
1.1.1. Perspective and characteristics of militia under Military
Region 1
* Perspective on militia
Article 3 of the Militia Act defines that " Militia is the mass armed
force which does not escape from production and work; the composition of
the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; the force to protect

grassroots, serving as the core for the people and together with the
people at the grassroots to combat and serve for combating.
* Characteristics of the militia force under Military Region 1
First, the militia force under Military Region 1 is built up and
grown on the area with critical strategic position on national defense,
security, politics and economy; people of different ethnics continue to
promote the patriotic tradition and the tradition of revolutionary struggle
in the cause of building and defending the country.
Second, the tasks and organizational structure of militia force in
localities under Military Region 1 are diverse, complex and under the
regulations of the tasks on politics, national defense and security of each
locality and grassroots.
Third, the militia force under Military Region 1 is diverse and
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complex in the ethnic components, religion, occupation and education level.
Fourth, the militia force under Military Region 1 is present in
most of economic sectors, political, social organizations and areas.
To improve the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1, it’s a must to master the subject’s characteristics, deeply go
into each ethnic, religion and geographical areas for appropriate content,
form and measures to conduct.
1.1.2. Politics and political quality of the militia force under
Military Region 1
* Politics of the militia force under Military Region 1
For a scientific conception on political quality, first of all, it’s
necessary to have scientific awareness on the politics of the militia force
under Military Region 1. Based on Marxist – Leninist theory, Ho Chi
Minh's thought and the views of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the
politics of the militia force under Military Region 1 is considered to be
the politics of the People's Armed Forces of Vietnam – the mass armed

The political quality of militia force reflects the movement and
development of the internal factors with each other in the organic
relationship. The dialectics of the development indicates that the
organization, construction and operation of the militia force under
Military Region 1 is not isolated, self-contained but is always affected,
influenced and dominated by the political, economic - social & security
environment of the world, the region and the country and the task of
strengthening national defense, protecting the Fatherland. The impacts of
the political & economic - social environment create favorable
conditions or cause obstacles, difficulties and challenges to improving
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
Political quality plays a very important role in developing the
qualification and capacity of militia force, this role is expressed in the
following matters:
- Political quality plays a role of correctly orientating for all
activities to perform the functions and tasks of training, readiness to fight
& work of the militia force under Military Region 1.
- Political quality is a fundamental factor that plays a key role in
orientating the development of the personality qualifications for officers
and soldiers of the militia force under Military Region 1.
- Political quality of the militia force is an important factor
contributing to building the militia unit under Military Region 1 that is
politically strong and completes all assigned tasks.
1.2. The conception, criteria and issues of principle in
improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1
1.2.1. The conception in improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
Based on the concept of quality and characteristics of human
and social organization’s activity, it’s the dissertation’s conception that

Third, improve the capacity in practical political activities and
foster the standards of political - social relations of militia force under
Military Region 1.
The form and methods to improve political quality of militia
force include the total of forms and methods in ideological work,
organization and policies to impact on political consciousness and
political capacity of militia force, making those factors continuously
develop in a sustainable manner. The measures of ideological work
include political and ideological education through forms of centralized
political class, propaganda, organization of cultural and art activities,
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construction of cultural and spiritual life at grassroots level to enhance
the political enlightenment, moral qualification and lifestyle of militia
force. The measures of organization and policies are focusing on
improving leadership capacity and combativeness of the party
committee of communes, wards & towns, the cell of hamlets, villages to
serve as the nucleus of political leadership and national union in building
villages, hamlets and communes strong in all aspects. Through living
and activities of organizations in which militia force is members (party
organizations, unions, veterans’ associations, farmers' associations, trade
unions ); develop the union, the Party; educate and train the Party’s
members, build the local core team in militia force; the registration &
management activities; through practical political & military activities at
the locality and militia units; national defense education. Build the
politically strong militia units, through training and exercises, perform
functions and duties to foster and practice the political and combating
skill & spirit of militia force under Military Region 1.
1.2.2. Evaluation criteria of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
First, evaluate the awareness on responsibility and capacity of

and deal with all plots & tricks of "peaceful evolution" and overthrowing
violence of the hostile forces. At war, it is the core force together with
the entire people to fight and serve for fighting for national defense and
Fatherland protection. Therefore, it’s a must to build the militia force
under Military Region 1with high political and fighting skill & spirit.
In the present context, paying attention to the political quality of
militia force is particularly important. Because the political quality plays a
role of political orientating all activities; is an important factor contributing
to build the politically strong militia unit under Military Region 1. The
essence of improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1 is that the subjects correctly identify the measures impacting the
components, making the political quality of militia force constantly
improve. In order to improve the political quality of militia force, it’s a must
to master the purposes, subjects, objects, content, forms and methods for
conducting. That is the scientific basis for assessing the actual situation,
identifying requirements and defining solutions to improve the political
quality of militia force under Military Region 1 today.
Chapter 2
ACTUAL SITUATION, CAUSES AND EXPERIENCE
IN IMPROVING POLITICAL QUALITY OF MILITIA
FORCE UNDER MILITARY REGION 1
2.1. Actual situation of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
Based on the conception of political quality and evaluation
criteria, the dissertation author surveys the fact of researching the actual
situation of the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
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2.1.1. The advantages of improving the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1
First, the subjects respect and pay attention to leading and

Fourth, a number of policies and policy implementation for
militia force are inadequate.
The above restrictions have reduced the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1. This issue is reflected in: A
division of militia does not have sufficient and profound awareness on
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the position and role of militia in the cause of building and defending the
socialist Fatherland. Although the militia force meets the requirements
on quantity, the part of them whose political qualification, morality and
lifestyle meet the mission’s requirements does not account for high
percentage, especially when militia is ethnic minorities of localities in
the remote and border areas. They perform some task with not high
efficiency, not commensurate with the position and role of militia force.
2.2. Causes and experience in improving the political quality
of militia force under Military Region 1
2.2.1. Causes of the achievements, advantages and limitations
in improving the political quality of militia force under Military
Region 1
* Causes of the achievement and advantages
First, the achievements of the socialist-oriented national
reformation are an important factor to improve the political quality of
militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, the leadership of the executive committees, local
authorities, the Party committees and the Command of Military Region
is the direct cause of the advantages in improving the political quality of
militia force.
Third, the activeness and initiative of the local military
authorities at provinces and districts in advising, directing, guiding,
organizing & building the force and operations of militia.
Fourth, that political consciousness and the awareness of militia

improving the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1.
Fifth, promote the effectiveness of the party & political work in
education and training to raise the level of political enlightenment,
political skill & spirit for militia force. Sixth, the appropriate regime &
policies and the serious, sufficient and attentive performing are the
motivation to promote the militia force to successfully complete their
functions and tasks.
Conclusion of chapter 2
In recent years, thoroughly grasping the views & policies of the
Party and the Militia Act, building militia force under Military Region 1
has had a positive change in the leadership, direction and
implementation. Thus, the political quality of militia is basically
maintained, the synthetic quality is improved, contributing to
strengthening the leadership of the executive committee, effective
management of the authorities, clearing the areas and ensuring political
stability, social order and safety in localities and grassroots. Militia force
has political consciousness and responsibility in implementing the
provisions of the Militia Act; the majority of militia is ready to receive
and complete the tasks.
However, compared to the requirements of the mission of
defending the socialist Fatherland in the new period, the political quality
of militia still has not really strong point. There are manifestations of
insufficient awareness on the strategic role and position of militia in the
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cause of national construction and defense. The political quality of
militia under Military Region 1, especially in the remote & ethnic
minority areas does not meet the mission’s requirements in the new
situation, with not high performance effectiveness, especially when
therea are political and social complex situations. The lessons in
improving the political quality of militia in recent years should be

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3.1.2. Requirements in improve the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1 in the current period
First, improving the political quality must ensure militia under
Military Region 1 absolutely loyal to the Party, the State and people, the
ideal of national independence and socialism.
Second, grasp the Party's viewpoints of building politically strong
armed forces in improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1.
Third, improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 must be close to the components of combating
strength of militia force.
Fourth, promote the strength of political system and the whole
people in the area of Military Region 1 in improving the political quality
of militia force.
Fifth, improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1 must be close to the fight against the conspiracy "non-
politicize" the people’s armed forces of the hostile forces.
3.2. Basic solutions to improve the political quality of militia
force under Military Region 1 in the current period
3.2.1. Raise awareness and responsibility in promoting the role
of subjects in improving the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, unify perception of the executive committees, authorities
and local military agencies in improving the political quality of the local
militia force.
Second, define and implement the right functions, duties and
rights of organizations and forces in improving the political quality of
the local militia force under Military Region 1.

3.2.5. Maintain and strengthen the leadership of the Party
committee, the management of the local authority over militia force
under Military Region 1
This solution requires good performance of measures as follows:
First, maintain and strengthen the leadership of the local
committees over militia force under Military Region 1.
Second, improve the management effectiveness and efficiency of
the local authorities at all levels over the militia force under Military
Region 1.
Conclusion of chapter 3
Improving the political quality of the militia force under Military
Region 1 in the current period continues to be under the influence of the
international and domestic situation. That impact creates both favorable
conditions and difficulties & challenges. Therefore, to improve the
political quality of the militia force, it’s neccessary to master the
requirements and synchronically implement the solutions: Raise
awareness and responsibilities in promoting the role of subjects; improve
the quality of political training, organizing and closely managing the
militia force under Military Region 1; well implement the policies and
law; pay attention to forecast the situation, promote the summarization
of practice, timely detect and solve new arisen problems; strengthen the
leadership of the executive committee, effective management of local
authorities in building the organization and operation of the militia under
Military Region 1.
CONCLUSION
1.Militia force is a component of the armed forces under
Military Region 1. In peacetime, this is one of the important forces in
conjunction with the armed forces under the Military Region to timely
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deter and deal with all plot & tricks of "peaceful evolution" and the

orientation for identifying solutions to promote favorable conditions,
overcome difficulties and challenges to constantly improve the political
quality of the militia force under Military Region 1 in the current period.
5. To improve the political quality of militia force under
Military Region 1, the subjects should focus all their efforts on
mastering and applying creatively the solutions: Raise awareness and
responsibilities in promoting the subjects’ role; Improve the quality of
political training, closely organizing and managing militia force; well &
creatively organize and implement policies and laws; pay attention to
forecast the situation, promote the summarization of practice, timely
detect and resolve new arisen problems; maintain and strengthen the
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leadership of the executive committee, improve the management
effectiveness and efficiency of the local authorities, constantly improve
the political quality of militia force under Military Region 1 in the
current period.
RECOMMENDATION
1. The State needs to have reasonable policy for social security,
management of family inhabitants & civil status, social-class structural
development, comprehensive development of economy, politics, culture,
society and national security at the localities in Military Region 1,
particularly in the area of ethnic minority, mountainous & border areas;
associate economic development with solving social problems, pay
attention to develop and foster the human resource and facilitate
favorable conditions to improve the political quality of militia force
under Military Region 1.
2. The Ministry of National Defense needs to continue to study
the innovation in managing and training the militia. Research in
supplementing the material facilities and conditions to ensure that the
management and training militia are suitable with characteristics in