Chương 1
TỔNG QUAN VỀ PHÂN TÍCH THIẾT KẾ
HỆ THỐNG THÔNG TIN
I. Tổng quan về hệ thống thông tin
1. Đặt vấn đề:

 !"#$%&'(
)%*%&+,$- '."/(01
 2%3'()$4561+ )7)(89:9
;<
"/=>?@A8'$%&'(
%B "
"6+ 9:9C"
"6DE3FGHHI
"JK+,  ?L!+)MN>+,C:O
"
PM%&+9 )(89:9?
@ 'H+ON 9'()$QRS.:O
%& 1TUVWXTUYW"
Phân tích về sai sót:
Z[N  4 \]^
S.=  4 _]^
`17 4 V^
/+ +=a_ 4 _W^
/+ +=:'9)1 4 b^
Phân tích về chi phí
R7> 4 ]\^
cM 4 \d^
Phân tích phân bổ hoạt động
`7'. 4 T]^
c+,  + += 4 ]W^

X r&D',f p%"
X JmB+a&)r&$D"
X /)N7fH3  "
X /=B9L7lHk)=uN$+,"
/'H'vN7fC=8 !
 +,=?%l>%2
= r& N9p"
3. Hệ hỗ trợ quyết định (DSS- Decision Support System)
S8 @)!9M N9p&)f
l"
Khả năng của hệ:
X /)?+A)'9))%BHOu %3N9p"
X /))(8?LMKLgjp"
X / @))%B%OB+a% "
Đặc trưng của DSS
X r&N9pN> N9p"
5
X 61> D?=:7D)0=)(8"
X 61l&O1 N9p"
4. Hệ chuyên gia (ES-Expert System)
@)N7f7N9$a BJ``"
ON 9-8(1?8=:7Dl)l?l)?
%%3"/w1%B>l):918?u= 
L?p?"""
III. Các thành phần của một hệ thống thông tin quản lý
6HN M >N7f%3=b
)4
X 6)N9p4D N9p"
X 6)4D9)l?',f?$%
"

  Phương tiện F)X)$I4 B+almMl)?',f?%?
M7%8??1"""
  Nhân lực4L jl)M?(  l)?',f?$
?"""%3)M>"
Thông tinFI4/%&+,?k%3
LO?k %3LO"6O?:=
9)7=99:€H=%4
"x 4)%B%%?- k?( """
"eM4DL7?( ?>7?"
"tA9)l> "
"s E 1)?%  N9p"
Phương pháp xử lý tin4O)l%>?l
? %3?)$"
6=1?%&k\984?)%B))',f
?%3)%B"
IV. Các tính năng của một hệ thống thông tin
X 63 734%&8Lg:73 k:%&9)
l9:)l%&N9p%B29"
X R7 N9p1= %& :"
X eM+7)u )"
X e%&%&',f"
X P)1) "
X P)1) ',f"
X P)1)$@ "
X Pl "
V. Mục đích, yêu cầu phương pháp phân tích thiết kế HTTT
1. Mục đích
X 666=E3FGHHI
X /=Dr& N9p
X /%B>CK+,  ?L7

 !?+ +==M)v)"
X JK?K2K+,"
X S$…?%2a?KL7>"
2. Quản lý và phát triển một dự án công nghệ thông tin
SO N7f7L7)M666)
%&+& :%&)121)v)F%
(+?3 ?$: !I"P(:(N  )M
666"t7f+9=:9111=ON 2
 M1O?=MLAM:9@"#=L j\) 4ea1
8
X†l):91X6Xe9@"Sr)  O
+)7%&"
_"T"ea1
P(L%2O N>N7f=+1
MN?)1+)1) "/1=4
X 69l)L 
X 69l)N 2:
X 69l)+BL4L j4'pN)1?l)
p>)
X 69l)N7f4ML77+ ?)7l)
N7f=N7%4L?$?'v? !
?'p31)?k?"""
X 69l)%3N7fl)l:f4#l:f
g1?+:?? ??u+,
:M "
_"_"†l):91
x 1l)'p719
 r1M"#l):91L j4
X c1:91$
X opu

:9p&8?k "/B
%3.==)?  r&N>"
X 6!:9+ 4O'p%&C1?C9k+7)u 
? N>>O=N>N7f?k=@ 
:+ "
X e9@&)j4:f:9L7 f&)j2LOON "
VII. Giới thiệu một vài phương pháp phân tích thiết kế thông dụng
1. Phương pháp phân tích thiết kế có cấu trúc (SADT-`Hˆ ++ JH+
6HNHI
c%B))')kS‰?f%aBL7 =)(.2
B7"`ˆJ6%&'( OVOf+ 4
X `,>
X c(8:M6)X‚"
X Jm>D>N FE%&5>
9:9<M7"
X 6M8* 
X `,LMK%21j1
X c&)1 =
X ŠOj+B9"
Công cụ để phân tích:
X `,+BjDR‹JFR+H++‹J  I%j
jJ‹JFJ  ‹‚J  I"
X S>FJ  SH+I
10
X #=@`†F`H†  HI
X 6kMFJ  J I
X R7(N9pFŒ H[I
X PC79>FcH++`)HG I"
c%B)))(89:9`ˆJ6=%M Of)(8=
@?9:9H)()?L77k+7'$ "#%&

6OB+aL LL9 ?)%B)))(89:9
SH+H+,>%BOM)(89:9
"
11
MỨC DỮ LIỆU XỬ LÝ
SN  SN $ SN $',f
S! S!$ S!$',f
Slf Slf$ Slf$',f
ŠM )%B)))(89:9S•ŽQ`•=B+a: A"
)%B))%&m$ac)/(’:)7)(8
2"#%&M )%B))j:$"J=?M7N9
0)%B))%3% 9:v3 "
6>?@+…L+)%B))M>LL%2)(
89:9
/=M>L%2)M N >
: L $4$) ?$LL9 
$ 1)(89:9"
Hình 1.2 Các bước phát triển của một hệ thống thông tin
12
Thiết kế
Thực hiện
Lập kế hoạch
Phân tích
Mức quan niệm
Mức tổ chức
Mức vật lý
Thông tin Xử lý con người thiết bị
3. Phương pháp phân tích MCX (Méthode de xavier castellani)
c%B)))(8S/o=jkc)?+% 6
'8)QQ•FQ+QG NH“•H+HI+1"c%B)))(8

Ck)j1:9:9N>)(8%+ 4
X 69+9)l!M)M4
X #%3)(8Lp7%a99) %#`J"
X 6l)$m
13
X Jml: 2mN 
X `)9?: j+B
X `L&) %3+,"
X 69u
X #%3)(89uM7?C
"
IX. Các giai đoạn xây dựng một hệ thống thông tin tin học hóa
S)%B)))(89:9)77N  1+ 4
X #OF>;I
X #O:7F(A :7DI
X P$':M:9@2 
X S.= F!l)>I
X 6,: 
t>)M )7LAk>1 
nk+9N7 n+2C  !"
1. Lập kế hoạch (khảo sát hệ thống)
P( 1ON 9)'@ %3)(8%
g'p9%2:=M9O-?L
)l??!=ON 9'("x 1
‡%&f %4'(T2 ()
Tn"S8+0$+ 4
/=9'(2C()666n:;#9=?
X 63 LA?3 :9@
X Š28)8
X #(?l)%B "

6> M O 
 9  O 
+,"
S.= ?M
 ?L7>"
RA
6•/Q•#
c’#6–/ 6Q{6e{
  2
)7>;
Hình 1.2: Sơ đồ xây dựng một hệ thống thông tin tin học hóa
X c(8:7:94'H'v:7D8M7'(
2n%h &8+…H1"
X c(8:714:7Dl$:::!?
$:!N7f)v) !"
` =?%3)(8)7p 7))++?(AM
: k7))"6=1? 1%3)(8)7> một
điểm cân bằng giữa nhu cầu và khả năng"
` :. '7))%3)(8)7lập hồ sơ nhiệm vụ"/
g84
X Pp>D1%&"
X Pp '(N "
X Pp>+B%&  2%3+,%B "†
L7*F))HIM#`J>%&%B "
6=1?l)j+B0 l:8 b)8 4#%3
)(8?/%#%3+,"
_"b"o(>D4
#%3)(8 :9N7)(8M'(>) ?
k=‡>>  "6L1
)(8>( 1N "t>>M'(>

ĂÂÊÔƠƯĐăĂâÂêôơ -đƠ ƠƯƠ-Ơ-à ảƠ
)(8)71%3+,1rp8"
6. Bo trỡ
R7>N>+, !?:A)9+= M
8B?lB+,"
6=1?N>'(=M7H+Bj%2(4
Hỡnh 1.3: Quỏ trỡnh xõy dng mt h thng thụng tin


17
Lậ p k ế h o ạ c h
Th ực h iện
Ph ân t íc h
Th iết k ế
Ch uy ển g ia o
Bả o t r ì
X. Cỏc mc bt bin ca mt h thng thụng tin
sp k%&= ')k
)(8"/=L j4
X /=>CC7B7%B- M'p
Or 1)(8"
X /=>CM12%3:O
"
X /=7N : O
N 9:q+ "
/=bk%& 4
1. Mc quan nim
SN +78=
L)7N 28 "/7
)7l)27))C+ "s8?N7f

?73(01%9;
SO lf'p 
%3C=?a(%&72@? )%B
l)"
Hình 1.4: Mô hình không gian phát triển hệ thống
19
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MVL
MTC
MQN
MVL
MTC
MQN
MVL
MTC
MQN
MVL
MTC
MQN
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/=M'HrL%2N>)(89:9M
: b$>…aO"
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S>N $
S>!