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 !"#
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TÌM HIỂU CÁC ĐỊNH CHẾ TÀI CHÍNH
A.ĐỊNH CHẾ NGÂN HÀNG:

I. Ngân hàng thương mại:
1. Khái niệm:
$%&'()&(*')+,'-.'/012'34(5+'
1*%&6&7+'1*879)#:!;'<+:!"1=;7)!>'?1@+'
1*80+;'A'4?)&(06?6*0!>'AB6&CB0'AB1@D
'/0?!.706?';'+7
2.Đặc điểm:
 !"#
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 

J'!*CXH!=;$I((*''S'5_'+78+L( '+
#!G6J`'aI(bc'+'-!G6Jd996;'e38f
:!;'51J67$%&
J'!*CXH!=;$%&12+)&'&CL1L(FL+%")e'
687&?0!"',8LE';'+7+87&8$%&+'1*'!;
)[
J'!*CXH!=;$%&F;+G(
gJ1A!)4&(.6J12,'&8$%&12'&)>
J1A!)4)!T)+VFR6J71
g7:!h
i !h03'H$R(1@F-C!6J1A!)4
i !h03e=+@03eF]1U=+'+:!7',+'1*8
0+;=;$%&R(FL+646J1A!)4
i !hj)2?8<'X
$!G!"1*
$!G6J!"1*=;7$%&'(I('S'5'klc
'+'-!G6J
$>'AB
&!G6J(&$%&!"1*12'P70+;4?'-.8'I?7
%m'+Mn*'T:!;:!7',>'AB?';'+7*?78+L+6;"
'+'AB6&74680+;87
 !"#
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$%&a12CB0'AB1@+6;"?I'8D!?';'+7m
8T9:!"ACXH!?$%&9'74(L+&'L1jLJ6&)n
+V887&9!!j''A1@CB0
ABI((*''S'587)'+!G6J!"1*=;7$%&
'(
7,'.>'AB=;7$%&'(D'1;0

$>'ABFR+'4)&(*''.1;0+76A'.!"
1*6J=;7$%&'(
g<+'#!'.(1/CB0
• AB'I'84(w))&78+L8pB=;7%6(
1/)&',(8I((*'8+L'!>6CJ'A&[=;(,
• AB';'+7&78+L8pB=;7%?'-.?0+;
4CLM!D'80+;8TR((1/',(8I('#('!>(&1@12
X706';'+7=;$%&?'T'78+L'AB';'+7
9CJ)2)
 !"#
y
 
Ngân hàng thương mại cũng thu hút được một lượng vốn đáng kể'+:!7',
'!*+V*87&?)&(1)p+7'-.'/087?>6J!S'7
=;7'-.'+6&+&m+'A12L%'<+'I1*T64#
$%&9'@CB0'('78+L'A196&+80+;
 Vốn vay:
++'1*=;(,I!'I!6J',$%&L=1*',(8I(
6J1@'347+'1*=;(,
Thứ nhất;"1@17.!!8LE';'+7=;$%&
Thứ hai;"*+87&
Thứ ba;"1@+6;"
Thứ tư:;"1@L(/!G'A+;1+C;!
 Kỳ phiếu có mục đích:
$%&9'@7'&8fI!1@'+!G6J'!6&0&1@1!'+
7+'1*'&'2+7037)9:!"(T)?'0&+V'E:!(T
+'1*=;7$%&+V)#0+;67'-.87(&!G6J6J4
';17.12&"
fI!=;$%&7'&1@!"1*6J'P0%6&7'-.8'I
1@'+)>!G6J'!6&0&0@'&'2+7+'1*=;(,

'M!"#)&>'A8/B6&CB0CJ'A&"1@D'/0?!.06?
';'+7
 !"#
|
 
+'1*=;%&'(R((1/80+;&9;1V
F4'19)&\6J}'AK?'L)nC!D'!"1*6J'D)nC!D'+6;"6J6&
#)4)nC!D'19)&)2!>=;$
+'1*$6+!!6A6J=;(5')0%j?)+
,$6&7'-.87'+Mn*
 Các hoạt động chủ yếu là:
• +'1*!"1*6J
• +'1*'/0
• +'1*06';'+7
• +'1*%:!h
• 7+'1*8796J?(!;-?';(;'''A
'4?80+;6&?80+;FD'1*CL?80+;066&FL+@(?46?
="'76&1)p?06'6D6&706879)#:!;1I+'1*=;%
&
+19?'@C;!
 Hoạt động huy động vốn:
NHTM huy động vốn dưới các hình thức sau:
• $>'AB=;'J.?7%6&7'-.'/0870
,'.'AB8T8,?'AB98,6&7)+'AB87
• w7'&.a'AB?'7I!6&7D"'97871@
!"1*6J=;'-.?7%'+6&+&
• ;"6J=;7'-.'/087+'1*'64';(6&=;'-
.'/0+&
• ;"6JU=;%&&
 !"#

%&'+
• ;(;4'J';'+7:!J'I812%&&+
~
 Các hoạt động khác:
• 96J6&(!;-
• ;(;'''A'4
• 0+;+J
• •"'76&>="'7
• !.06?FL+@(
• 6D'&/
• vL+:!L6>':!p7
5.Ví dụ các ngân hàng thương mại:
$T'$
$$$€7''@T'T$
$5;'$ $'( !J0+;
$1!'€M%"03$
$7''@vCTB!+
II> Ngân hàng phát triển:
 !"#

 
1.Khái niệm:
&'-.'&/'!*CXH!llc=;/=?8T>'AB'P0%
%")&)+%&9.E="I!)&!"1*6J'!O0&1@1!'
'!O0&?6!!7''@FR7+6;"7037CX'+V
7)W63!'#?+V96J?+6;"70+;46P;6&_
2. Đặc điểm:
• $%&7''@)&(*''-.'/0(&+'1*="I!)&'&
'2'!6&0&+70377''@
• -.'&/'!*CXH!llc=;/=

 J199'3!"48T+&'L=;7'-.8'I?Mn*'+6&
+&
 J="'7D7'?+6;"=;/:!"A1;?7'-.8'I?'-
./'OMn*
 $%:!hF;+G('A(V'?'AB'$…?'AB'$87
 &'2=;$…`(!;)78+L2?FL+)n?D6J?+6;")nmd
4.Hoạt động:
Tài trợ theo dự án(trung-dài hạn):&+'1*:!;'5=;$w?91V']
6A6J1!')?8LE6&';'!G6J)%!?896&8TC)+VC
)'D
 !"#
^
 
Thực hiện chính sách tín dụng đầu tư phát triển+6;"1!'7''@?['2
C;!1!'?FL+)n'/01!'
Thực hiện chính sách tín dụng xuất khẩu'&'2M!D'8N!?+6;"M!D'8N!?FL+
)n'/06&M!D'8N!?FL+)n03'!6&FL+)n'3421GM!D'8N!O
H21G)#:!;1I('#!'&'2M!D'8N!=;&'+:!;'&'2!
1n`6J?:!"(T?'6&8T'&CL1L(FL+d6A6J=;/=
Cung cấp dịch vụ bảo lãnh, tư vấn đầu tư;'+7+87&FR7
';(;4'J';'+7'+6&:!J'I
5. Ví dụ các Ngân hàng phát triển:
$%&7''@%!†
$%&7''@4'$;(
III> Ngân hàng đầu tư:
1. Khái niệm:
$%&1!')&(*'1I196;'e(*''!;'&/1@'3
4&)+'706)#:!;''&/FL+)n)&('!;H;7'-
.7'&.8+76&&1!'?'6Dj0&MI7'6(!;)6&
 !"#

g*'!"1*U9'@+6;"'!6&0&
g78+L'!>0&++6;"1!'7''@87`)2!>?'A'!FL+
)nd
4.Hoạt động:
+'1*="I!=;%&1!')&';+1-?(!;F77CLN('&/
+'1*=;%&1!'F;+G(
• $46%&1!'O6<C'(<'F;8
• !'OC;)<€';0
• $%&F7F!TO(<;'F;8
• $%&:!L)p1!'O6<C'(<'(;;<(<'
• $46&(T/O(<F+8<;<
$%&9'@+6;"0A!,'.87;!C;!1%"
i<+(1/CB0
O+6;"FD'1*'&CL
O+6;"T46&'4
O+6;"T4
O+6;"'#!0]
i<+(.1*'/4(=;87&
O+6;"9FL+1L(
O+6;"8TFL+1L(
i<+'+6;"
 !"#
y
 
O+6;"U&)++6;"9'0(*'E(?'120]1@
+6;"F-C!'I!''('6A6J)!1*=;70+;46&+6;"
6!!C+''#!0]7%
O+6;"'!&)+,+6;"9''#E(6&0bE(+
+6;"&"'120]1@(!;CU('&CLJ1?(X*+VM%"03T
',_

.)nC!D'+6;"87'D?;+D')&l?ybc‰'7
J'2+6;"=;$‚="I!)&*ˆ+?71J'2/C76&
7'-.8'I?7%*CLM!D'?80+;'!*7Mn1VF4'898E?(A
j?6]C%!?6]M;„(.+6;"1@1!'6&+CLM!D'?80+;?0687_?
'J1;8T:!7^l'4!1G
 Vai trò của ngân hàng chính sách xã hội:
O+!G6J'+7'ˆ++ˆ+?9'34M+719L(
ˆ+?TFRMn*
Oj1N"7''@8'IX78!63CLM!D'?70+;4C3['2
7''@
O347/C78'IMn*=;/='+7+0?"'I?8+;
5
2.Nguồn vốn:
!"1*6J'<+8I+&E(12/=#0!"4'1@'+)>!G
6J+6;"
+6;"U?'!6&0&1@)D")n'+!G6J
 !"#
|
 
34706';'+76&%:!h
!"1*6J'+6&+&
$!G6J'T:!;7'&'7I!
3. Hoạt động:
-.!"1*6J'+6&+&9'L)n=;(5'-.')0%?
F;+G('AB98,?8T8,
-.!"1*'I'84('+*1Gˆ+
w7'&'7I!?.a'AB6&7D"'9787?6;"7'-.'/
0'+6&&+6;"'I'84(F!14vL+@(Mn*4';(?6;"$$
X'&8+L'AB';'+7+'D'L787&'+6&+&
+6;"U'!6&0&6+CLM!D'?80+;'+64)&(

87&#8T';(;6&+:!7','+'A6&0+198TFJ?1A!
&?8@(C+7'V'Y=;$%&!
 $I!78+L1!'=;$%&'(="I!'>'!6&+)W
63'(6&T4',7'-.'&/%&)'>'!=
"I!6&+)W63.8+7?+6;"'#!0]6&'ID
 7$%&'(8TP(X*06';'+7:!;$%
&?e7'-.'&/%&)'E06'#7(V'(T?
1)p.8+76&706="'7
 !"#
l
 
I>Công ty tài chính:
3;16&7''@=;T'"'&/)&(+4'J'&/'X#+
j?1;0?)+'?+&a+'1*=;7T'"'&/X';1n
9)&(+j'#(706'&/O%&?17. !!7'
'@1;0=;'''&/O'A'4'+A8'I''
1. Khái niệm:
T'"'&/)&)+
Š
'-.'/0%&6.ECB0
6J'39?6J!"1*6&7!G6J871@+6;"?1!'!.706
87'<+:!"1=;7)!>'?8T12)&(06';'+7?8T12
>'AB0E(
 !"#

 
2.Đặc điểm:
vLD'6&(6+'1*
g&'-.'&/%&
gT12)&(06';'+7?

Các hình thức huy động vốn:
Công ty Tài chính được huy động vốn từ các nguồn sau:
$>'AB98f'P(*'E('X)#=;'-.?7%'<+:!"1=;
$%&$&
w7'&8fI!?'7I!?.a'AB6&7)+D"'97871@
!"1*6J=;7'-.?7%'+6&+&'<+:!"1=;7)!>'
4&
^;"7'-.'&/?'/0'+?+&6&7'-.'&/
:!J'I
oI>6J!S'7=;/=?7'-.6&7%'+6&+&
 HOẠT ĐỘNG TÍN DỤNG
Cho vay:
Công ty Tài chính được cho vay dưới các hình thức:
+6;"U?+6;"'!6&0&'<+:!"1=;$%&$&

 !"#
^
 
+6;"'<+!S'7=;/=?=;'-.?7%'+6&+&
'<+:!"14&=;!>'7'-.'/06&21G!S'7
^+6;"'#!0]FR,'.+6;"(!;'L9
Chiết khấu, tái chiết khấu, cầm cố thương phiếu và các giấy tờ có giá khác
T'"&/12D'/00,'.I'8D!?(J'
I!?'7I!6&7D"'97871J67'-.6&7%
T'"&/6&7'-.'/08712'7I'8D!?(J'
I!?'7I!6&7D"'9787+;!
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