BÀI

MỞ

ĐẦU
ĐỘNG

TỪ
VERB
Động

từ

được

dùng

để

làm

hành

động

cho

chủ

từ.


sơ

đồ

dưới

đây:
Ve
rb

:
Special

verb

:
Auxiliary

verb

:

(do,

have,

be)
Modal

verb


verb

:
Irregular

verb

:

(run,

write,

speak,

drive…)
Động

từ

tiếng

Anh

có

hai

loại:


biệt

gồm

có:
*

Động

từ

trợ

(auxiliary

verb)

:

be

(dùng

để

chia

các


(dùng

để

chia

các

thể

phủ

đònh

và

nghi
vấn).
-

He

is

working

hard

this



động)
-

He

has

learned

English

for

two

years.

(thì

hiện

tại

hoàn

thành)
-

Do

đònh)
*

Động

từ

khiếm

khuyết

(modal

verb)

:

cần

phải

có

động

theo

sau.
-


đổi

sang

thể

phủ

đònh

ta

chỉ

cầ
n
thêm

NOT

vào

sau

các

động

từ



câu.
-

He

is

not

working

hard

this

month.
-

Is

he

working

hard

this

month

She

cannot

swim.
-

Should

we

go

there

?
(2) Động từ thường gồm có :
1
* Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : là động từ khi thành lập thì quá khứ đ
ơn
(simple past) hay quá khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta chỉ cần thêm –ED vào sau
động
từ đó.
- I opened the door this morning. (simple past )
- I have opened the door. (past participle)
* Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (x
em cột
2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng.
to go went gone
to write wrote written

-

I

(You

/

W
e

/
They)

work
-

He

((She

/

It)
-

I

am



W
e

/
They)

have

work
ed
-

He

(She

/

It)

h
-

I

(You

/



W
e

/
-

I

(He

/

She

/

It)
was

working
-

You

(We

/

Th


(You

/

He

/

She

/
It

/

We

/

They)

h
ad
Future -

I

(We)



/

It
-

I

(We)

shall

h
ave
worked
-

You

(He

/

She

/

i
t


CÁCH

DÙNG

CÁC

THÌ
(THE

USE

OF

TENSES)
Thì

biểu

thò

thời

gian

và

trạng

thái


động

của

động

từ

tiếng

Anh.

Để

hiểu

được

hình

thái

của

các

t
hì,
ta



1
1.
SO

SÁNH

THÌ

SIMPLE

PRESENT
VÀ

THÌ

PRESENT

CONTINUOUS
Tiếng

Anh

có

hai

thì

hiện


là

thì

hiện

tại

đơn

(Simple

Present)

và

thì

hiện

tại

tiếp

diễn

(Present

Continuo


gian

n
ói
chung,

không

nhất

thiết

phải

là

thời

gian

ở

hiện

tại.

Thời

gian


tuần

(every

week),

mỗi

tháng

(every
month),

mỗi

năm

(every

year),

mỗi

mùa

(every

spring


+ Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với động từ : be,
appear,
belong, have to…
+ Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất lập đi lậ
p lại
(adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, ggene
rally,enerally,
rarely, never…
- That child needs care.
- This book belongs to me.
- He never comes late.
+ Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự th
ật hiển
nhiên (a general truth).
- The sun rises in the east.
- Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom.
(2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai
gần (a
near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, n
ext
week, next month, next year, next summer…
Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continu
ous
tense.
1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4/ She (go) __________ to school every day.
5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
4


summer.

It

(rain)

_________

now
.
8/

Bad

students

never

(work)

__________

hard.
9/

He

generally



before

6.30.
11/

She

sometimes

(buy)

___________

vegetables

at

his

market.
12/

Be

quiet.

The

baby


after

the

train.

He

(want)

_________
__

to
catch

it.
15/

It

(be)

__________

very

cold


textbooks.
18/

Tom

(like)

__________

to

go

to

the

museums.
19/

Mary

(love)

__________

ice-cream.
20/

My


the

mornings.
21/

I

often

(leave)

__________

the

city

at

weekends.
22/

The

guests

(watch)

__________


sun

(set)___________

in

the

west.
25/

My

friend

(study)

__________

English

for

an

hour

every


exercise

on

the

present

tense

at

the

moment

and

I
(think)

__________

that

I

(know)

__________


__________

round

the

sun.
30/

Two

and

two

(make)

__________

four.
*
2
SO

SAÙNH

THÌ

PRESENT

- We came here a month ago.
- He went to the cinema yesterday.
* Thì Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế ti
ếp xảy
ra trong quá khứ.
- He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out.
Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past te
nse.
1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2/ We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4/ He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
erday,
7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him
3
weeks ago.
8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.
9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a v
ery big
girl.
10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
6
13/

They



her

?
15/

How

long

ago

(he

start)

__________

to

learn

French

?
16/

She

(lose)

for

a

long

time

and

she

cannot

g
o
home

yet.
18/

His

dog

(just

run)

__________

past.
20/

He

(travel)

___________

to

Mexico

by

air

last

summer.
*

3
.
SO

SÁNH

THÌ


dùng

để

chỉ

kết

quả

của

mộ
t
tình

trạng

ở

hiện

tại

(the

result

of



lập

lại

nhiều

lần

và

kéo

dài

đến

hiện

tại.
+

Thì

Present

Perfect

Continuous


hành

động

(the

continuity

of

an

action)

cho

tới

hiện

tại.
-

I

have

been

waiting

heresince1975.
-

We

have

been

working

in

the

gardenallmorning.
+


sit,
stand,

study,

learn,

live,

rest,

stay…
-

They

have

been

learning

English

since

1995.
-

The

in

brackets

in

the

present

perfect

or

the

present

perfect
continuous

tense.
1/

I

(try)

__________



the

works

of

Dickens.How

many

(you

r
ead)
_________

?
3/

I

(wait)

__________

here

nearly



Mary

(rest)

__________

in

the

garden

all

day

because

she

(be)

______
____
ill.
7
5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (
not get)
__________ his degree yet.

4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
5/ Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week.
6/ At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
7/ George (do) __________ good work in this class so far.
8/ The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
10/ Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the fr
ont
door.
11/ How long (you learn) __________ English?
12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary.
8
14/

Fred

(just,

graduate)

__________

from

Oxford

University.
15/



there

for

as

long

as

Ican
remember.
17/

That

brown

briefcase

(belong)

__________

to


since

noon.
20/

That

museum

(stand)

___________

here

for

ceturies.
21/

The

sun

(get)

__________

very


and

girls

(go)

___________

home

after

this

lesson.
24/

Davis

(play)

__________

football

every

afternoon.
25/



SÁNH

THÌ

SIMPLE

PAST
VÀ

THÌ

PAST

CONTINUOUS
+

Thì

Simple

Past

(Quá

Khứ

Đơn)

được


yesterday.
+

Thì

Past

Continuous

(Quá

Khứ

Tiếp

Diễn)

được

dùng

để

chỉ

một

hành


quá

khứ.
-

I

met

him

while

he

was

crossing

the

street.
-

She

was

going



kéo

dài

tại

điểm

thời

gian

xá
c
đònh

ở

quá

khứ

hoặc

hai

hành

động

last

night.
-

I

was

doing

my

homework

while

my

father

was

watching

TV.
Exercise V :

Put


(sit)

__________

in

a

bar

when

I

(see)

__________

him.
2/

When

I

(go)

__________

out,


When

it

(rain)

__________

,

she(carry)

__________

an

umbrella.
5/

We

(walk)

__________

to

the



when

he

(live)

in

German
y

and
(work)

__________

as

a

journalist.
7/

The

house

(burn)



sandwiches

while

you

(talk)

__________

to

him.
9/

The

servant

(drop)

__________

two

cups

while



a

letter,

the

telephone

(ring)

__________;

as
he

(go)

__________

to

answer

it,

he

(hear)



the

door,

but

ju
st

as
he

(open)

__________

it,

it

(stop)

__________.
*

5.
SO

SÁNH


để

chỉ

một

hành

động

xảy

ra

t
rước
một

hành

động

khác

cũng

trong

quá


time

I

arrived

at

the

station,

the

train

had

gone.
+

Thì

Past

Perfect

còn


quá

khứ.
-

By

10

o’clock

last

night,

I

had

gone

to

bed.
Exercise VI :

Put

the



home

after

they

(finish)

__________

their

work.
2/

He

(do)

_________

nothing

before

he

(see)


(be)

__________

sorry

that

I

(hurt)

__________

him.
5/

After

they

(go)

__________

,

I

(sit)


friend

(not

see)

__________

me

for

many

years

when

I

(mee
t)
__________

last

week.
8/


(remember)

__________

all

he

(learn)

__________
.
10/

They

(tell)

__________

him

they

(not

meet)

__________



__________

that

she

(already,

see)

___________

Dr.

Rice.
13/

By

the

time

Bill

(get)

__________


__________

that

a
burglar

(break)

____________

in.
15/

Almost

everybody

(leave)

_________

for

home

by

the



Thì

Past

Perfect

Continuous

(Quá

Khứ

Hoàn

Thành

Tiếp

Diễn)

dùng

để

nhấ
n
mạnh

tính


H
ãy
so

sánh

:
-

She

had

been

studying

English

before

she

came

here

for



fo
r
classes

xảy

ra).
-

She

had

studied

English

before

she

came

for

classes.
(Hành

động


It

had

been

raining

when

I

got

up

this

morning.

(Mưa

đã

dứt

khi

tôi

khi

tôi

thức

dậy.)
Exercise VII

:

Put

the

verbs in

brackets

in

the

past

simple

or

the


_________

tired.

He

(run)

__________

for

an

hour.
3/

Although

he

(go)

__________

to

the


5

minutes

before

it

(be)

________
__
answered.
5/

They

(tell)

__________

me

you

(live)

__________

in

(be)

_________
_
brought into the room.
1
1
7/

By

noon

that

day,

we

(drive)

__________

for

5

hours.
8/



and

(begin)

__________

to

attack

him.
9/

I

(ask)

_________

her

what

she

(do)

_______



literat
ure.
*

7.
SO

SÁNH

THÌ

SIMPLE

FUTURE
VÀ

THÌ

FUTURE

CONTINUOUS
+

Thì

Simple

Future


thời

gian

xác

đònh

ở

tương

lai);

còn

thì

Future

Continuous

(Tương

Lai

Ti
ếp
Diễn)


lai.
-

He

will

go

to

the

stadium

next

Sunday.
-

We

will

/

shall

have


(Vào

lúc

6

giờ

sáng

mai,

t
ôi

sẽ
bắt

đầu

dùng

bữa

điểm

tâm.)
-

I

sẽ

đang

dùng

bữa

điểm

tâm.)
+

Trong

các

mệnh

đề

trạng

từ

chỉ

thời

gian


Present

được

dùng

để

thay

thế

c
ho
thì

Simple

Future.
-

I

shall

not

go


được

dùng

cho

tất

cả

các

ngôi.
Exercise VIII

:

Put

the

verbs

in

brackets

in

the


__________.
2/

I

(stay)

_________

here

until

he

(answer)

__________

me.
3/

Wait

until

I

(catch)


his

breakfast

before

he

(go)

__________

out.
6/

Miss

Helen

(help)

___________

you

as

soon



She

(not

come)

__________

until

you

(be)

_________

ready.
9/

He

(tell)

__________

you

when



_______
_

for
England.
*
8.
SO

SÁNH

THÌ

FUTURE

PERFECT

VÀ

THÌ
FUTURE

PERFECT

CONTINUOUS
+

Thì



trước

một

hành

động

khác

trong

tương

lai

hay

một

điểm

thời

gian

ở

tươ


Christmas,

he

will

have

lived

in

Dalat

for

5

years.
+

Để

nhấn

mạnh

tính



Tiếp

Diễn).
-

By

the

time

you

receive

this

letter,

we

shall

have

been

travelling



years.
Exercise IX :

Put

the

verbs

in

brackets

in

the

simple

present,

simple

future,

present
perfect

or


(come)

_________

back,

he

(already

buy)

__________

a

ne
w
house.
3/

Don’t

come

until

I


noon.
5/

The

river

(not

begin)_________

to

rise

until

some

rain

(fall)_________
_.
6/

I

(stay)

__________

India.
8/

He

(finish)

_________

his

work

before

you

(leave)

__________.
9/

Before

you

(go)

__________,



there
.
Exercise X :

Put

the

verbs

in

brackets

in

the

simple

present,

simple

future,

fu
ture
continuous

(arrive)

________
_

in
London.
2/

When

George

(come)

__________

this

afternoon,

he

(bring)

________
__

his
friends.

ready ?
8/ Where (you go) __________ for your holiday last year ?
9/ I (not leave) _________ Paris since we (go) _________ to Dieppe thr
ee
years ago.
10/ My mother (come) __________ to stay with us next weekend.
11/ We (meet) __________ only yesterday and (already decide) _____
_____
to get married.
12/ I (never see) __________ snow.
13/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.
14/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.
15/ I (lose) _________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last
(see)
_________ them.
16/ He (not arrive) __________ when I (write) __________ my last lett
er to
you.
1
4
17/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) ____
_____
a lot of money.
18/ I (never forget) __________ what you (just tell) __________ me.
19/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today.
20/ When I last (stay) ___________ in Cairo, I (ride) __________
to the
Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ____________ the day before.
21/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday.
22/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ?

not
have) __________ yet the opportunity of visiting European countries.
7/ I (know) __________ him for a very long time.
8/ When my friend Tom grows a beard, even his closest friends (not rec
ognize)
__________ him.
9/ When I (meet) __________ him in the street, he (go) __________ to t
he
pictures.
10/ I (study) _________ English for six years now.
1
5
11/ I expect he (leave) __________ for France as soon as he (get) ____
______
a visa.
12/ He (visit) ______ his friend yesterday and (find) _______ that
he (be)
________ out.
13/ They (sell) _________ all the dresses before we (get) __________ t
here.
14/ After she (work) __________ at the hospital for two years, she (deci
de)
__________ to give up the job.
15/ He will come at once because I (tell) __________ him by phone that
you
(need) __________ him urgently. I’m sure he (find) __________ his way
easily
although he (never visit) __________ this house before.
16/ By the time you get back, I (finish) __________ all my corresponde
nce and

_____
home yesterday. She (listen) ___________ to some music when she suddenly (
hear)
___________ a siren. She (look) ____________ in her mirror and (see) ______
___ an
ambulance behind her. She immediately (pull) ________ her car to the side of t
he
road and (wait) _________ for the ambulance (pass) _________.
1
6
2/ My mother (call) ___________ me around 5 o’clock. My husband (
come)
_________ home a little after that. When he (come) __________ home,
I (talk)
___________ to my mother on the phone.
3/ Next month I (have) _________ a week’s vacation. I (plan) _________ to
take a
trip. First I (go) _________ to Madison, Wisconsin to visit my brother. After I (l
eave)
________ Madion, I (go) _________ Chicago to see a friend who (study) ____
_____
at a university there. She (live) _________ in Chicago for three years, so she (k
now)
_________ her way around the city. She (promise) _________ to take me to
many
interesting places. I (never, be) _________ in Chicago, so I (look) _________ f
orward
to going there.
4/ Yesterday John (eat) _____________ breakfast at 8:00. He (already,
eat)

___________ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows ? When I
(wake)
___________ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow) ___________.
7/ A taxi driver (drive) ____________ along a street when he suddenly (bla
ck out)
___________ and lost control of his vehicle. The taxi (plunge) _________
into a
nearby river. A hawker, who (see) ______________ the accident, rushed from
his
coffee stall and (dive) ___________ into the water. He (have) ___________ to
swim
twenty five metres before he could get to the taxi. The taxi driver
(try)
______________ to wind down the window. The hawker reached into the taxi f
or the
safety-belt. After he (release) __________ the safety-belt, he pulled the driver
out
through the partially open window. At the hospital, the driver (say) _________
___
that the black out might (cause) ______________ by his high blood pressure co
ndition.
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7
8/ Marie Curie, the Polish-born chemist, was a courageous and determined
woman.
She (leave) ___________ her home for Paris to pursue her interest in science.
Living
in poverty, she still (manage) ___________ to graduate at the top of her class.
She
(meet) ___________ Pierre Curie shortly after graduation and (marry) ______