INFINITIVES
A. Infinitive with to / To- infinitive:
a. Một số động từ sau đây được theo sau bởi To inf.
decide (quyết đònh)
hope (hy vọng)
manage (cố gắng, xoay sở)
promise (hứa)
seem (dường như)
start * (bắt đầu)
begin* (bắt đầu)
like* (thích) + (O)
love* (thích) + (O)
hate* (ghét) + (O) + To-inf.
ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) + (O)
expect (mong đợi)+ (O)
help**(giúp đỡ) + (O)
intend (dự đònh) + (O)
invite (mời) + (O)
want (muốn) + (O)
wish (ước, muốn) + (O)
allow (cho phép) + O
advise (khuyên) + O
get + O
tell (bảo) + O
Example:
- We decided to make a trip to Dalak.
- She wants to have a cup of tea.
- My cousin wanted me to take her to the supermarket.
- My grandparents often advise me to study hard.
* Lưu ý: + Động từ với * có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc V-ing
+ Động từ với ** có thể được theo sau bằng To infinitive hoặc Infinitive without to

= I have a lot of work which I have to do.
g. Những đại từ bất đònh như something, anything, nothing và những từ tương tự thường được
theo sau bởi “ for + O + to inf”
Example: There’s nothing for the cats to eat.
B. Infinitive without to / V
BI
(verbs bare inf)
a. Sau động từ let và make là một tân ngữ và một cụm V
BI
let ( để), make (bắt, buộc) + O + V
BI
Example: - The film made me cry.
- Let me go!
b. Infinitive without to / V
BI
còn được dùng sau những động từ sau: see, watch, hear, smell, feel.
Example: - I feel the earth move.
- We watched Liverpool and Manchester play on TV last night. (xem hết trận đấu)
* Lưu ý: Sau các động từ see, watch, hear ta dùng V
BI
khi hành động được chúng ta thấy (see), xem
(watch), nghe (hear)
Practice:
Complete each of the following sentences with to-inf and/or inf without to:
1. I’ve decided (buy)…… a new apartment.
2. What time do you expect (arrive) …… in Chicago?
3. That T-shirt makes you (look) …… younger.
4. Let me (post) …… that letter for you.
5. It’s important for students (do) ……their homework.
6. I promise you your order will (send) …… today.

 Nghi vấn : Did + S + V1 …..?
b. Use
 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc khoảng thời gian xác đònh trong quá
khứ .
Ex: He met her yesterday.
He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000.
They didn’t meet each other last night.
 Cách nh ậ n bi ế t: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to .
2. Past continuous
a. Form
 Khẳng đònh: S + were / was + V-ing …….
 Phủ đònh : S + were / was + not + V-ing ……
 Nghi vấn : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?
b. Use
 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm xác đònh trong quá khứ .
Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television .
When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking .
 Diễn tả hành động bò gián đoạn .
Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang .
He was making some coffee when we arrived .
 Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc.
Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night.
While he was playing football, we were listening to music.
 Cách nh ậ n bi ế t:
At that moment ( vào lúc đó)
At that time ( vào lúc đó)
At this time yesterday ( vào lúc này hôm qua)
At this time last night ( vào lúc này tối hôm qua)
At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc 4 (5, 6…) giờ hôm qua.)
All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)

19. I (hit) …….. my thumb while I (use) …….. the hammer. Ouch! That (hurt) ……..
While I (read) …….. books in the living room last night, I (hear) …….. a strange noise in the kitchen. I (go)
…….. to the kitchen, (turn) …….. on the lights. I (hold) …….. my break and (listen) …….. carefully. I (realise)
that a mouse (chew) …….. on something under the cupboard
1. The vase broke when it (move) to the other room.
2. When I entered his room, I saw him ( sleep ) in a chair.
3. If only I ( have ) money with me, I ( lend ) you some.
4. why are you under the table? You (look) for something?
5. David (wash) his hands. He just (repair) the TV set
6. The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I wish someone would turn it off.
7. "Where is Jane?" "Down stairs sir" ."She (greet) the guests
8. Mr Brown just ( finish) reading the letter when the telephone on his desk ( ring)
9. Those students who ( fail) the exam are going to take another one held in August
10. Hurry up or you ( be) late for class.
11. Hurry up or our favourite TV programme ( be) over long before we ( reach) home
12. I ( not have ) much time for entertainment these days.
13. Look! A man ( run) after the bus. He wants to catch it.
14. We don’t want to ( pay ) low wages.
15. Two robbers ( put) in prison escaped yesterday.
16. It is 2 years since I ( last give) presents on Christmasday.
17. Nothing ( do) about this problem for months
18. There (be) no guests at all since I left.
19. I am sorry about the noise last night. We (have) a party.
20. In a few minutes’time, When the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for three hours
21. She (sleep) for 10 hours! You must wake her
22. She (have) a headache for several hours.
23. I (watch) a cartoon movie on TV when you called last night.
24. Mr Hai is having his car (wash) at the moment.
25. Where's Tom? He said he (be) here at 4 pm.
26. If I (drink) so much coffee, I wouldn’t be able to sleep.

2. Gerund đứng sau giới từ:
* Adj + giới từ + gerund:
- Nervous / worry + about
- Good/ bad / clever / skilled / … + at
- Sorry / responsible + for
- Be keen + on
- Fond +of
Eg. She is good at studying English
* V + prep + gerund:
- look forward to
- success to
- think of / about
- dream of / about
- insit on
- surprised at
- Interested in
- Busy with
Eg.I always think about being rich
* V + O + prep + gerund:
- Prevent s.o from
- Thank s.o for
- Spend money/time on
- Accuse s.o of (buộc tội)
Eg.Thank you for helping me
* N + prep + gerund:
- Have difficulty in: sự khó khăn
- There is no point in: k đáng/ chẳng đáng
3. Gerund as a O:
admit thừa nhận , advise khuyên bảo
allow cho phép, avoid tránh né, tránh xa

- Intend
Eg.-It starts to rain
-It starts raining
5. V + to – inf/gerund: thay đổi nghĩa
- Try:
+ to – inf: cố gắng
+ gerund: thử
- Stop:
+ to – inf: ngừng việc này để làm việc khác
+ gerund: kết thúc (thơi làm gì)
- Forget/remember:
+ to – inf: qn/nhớ trước 1 hành động khác
+ gerund: qn nhớ sau 1 hành động khác
Eg: I remember seeing that film
You remember to post the letter for me
- Regret
+ to – inf: lấy làm tiếc sắp làm điều gì
+ gerund: ân hận một điều gì đã (khơng) làm.
Eg: I regret to say that your not accepted for the job.
I regret buying the secondhand car.
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VERB FORMS

Give the correct form of verbs in brackets.
1. Many young people are fond of (play) football and other kinds of sports.
2. They couldn’t help (laugh) when they heard the little boy singing a love song.
3. Your house needs(redecorate) .
4. I remember (allow)them to play in my garden.
5. Did you accuse Nam of (break) a plate? Well, I saw him (knock) it off the table with his elbow.
6. We found it very difficult (work) with Gamma.

37. I regret (tell) you that you have failed the exam.
38. I can’t go on (work) here any more. I want a different job.
39. When I came into the room, Liz was reading a newspaper. She looked up and said hello to me , and
then went on (read) her newspaper.
40. Jim went on (have) another two sandwiches after he had had a pizza. I don’t think he’ll have a stomach
ache soon.
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PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND
1. Passive inf:
a. Form: to be + past participle
b. Use:
* Dùng sau một số động từ để chỉ sự bị động của chủ từ:
Eg: We hope to be considered again.
* Để đưa ra lí do:
Eg: He works hard not to be blamed.
* Sau các tính từ:
Eg: She is glad to be invited to the party
* Dùng sau danh từ:
Eg: It’s time to be separated.
2. Passive gerund:
a. Form:Being + P.P
b. Use:
Gerund ở thể bị động có các cách dùng giống như cách dùng của gerund ở thể chủ động, nhưng mang
nghĩa bị động.
* Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Being treated unfairly made her decide to quit the job.
* Làm tân ngữ sau 1 số động từ như: like, hate, mind …
Eg: I don’t like being laughed at.
* Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ:
Eg: She is afraid of being beaten.

6. (search) …………….. by customs officers is unpleasant.
7. There’s a lot of work (do)…………….
8. The new students hope (include) …............ in many of the school’s social activities.
9. When the police first questioned him, he denied (involve) …………. in the robbery.
10. I remember (take) ………. to the zoo when I was a child.
11. We managed to climbed over the wall without (see) ……...
12. Isabel expected (admit) ………..to the university, but she wasn’t.
13. The tin opener seems (design) …... for left-handed people.
14. Many reliable methods of storing information tended (forget) …………. When the computers arrived.
15. She resented (ask) ……………to make tea for everyone at the meeting.
16. Let’s leave early. We can’t risk (hold up) …………in heavy traffic during rush hour.
• Answer key:
1. to be fooled
2. being taken
3. being invited
4. being caught
5. being published
6. Being searched
7. to be done / to do
8. to be included
9. being involved
10. being taken
11. being seen
12. to be admitted
13. to be designed
14. to be forgotten
15. being asked
16. being held up
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GERUND & PRESENT PARTICIPLE